Imported Disease Annotations - ClinVarTerm | Qualifier | Evidence | With | Reference | Notes | Source | Original Reference(s) | diabetes mellitus | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar more ... | ClinVar | PMID:10426385 more ... | diabetes mellitus | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Monogenic diabetes | ClinVar | PMID:10447526 more ... | familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia 3 | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Hyperinsulinism due to glucokinase deficiency | ClinVar | PMID:10447526 more ... | genetic disease | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Inborn genetic diseases | ClinVar | PMID:11393552 more ... | gestational diabetes | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Gestational diabetes | ClinVar | PMID:10525657 more ... | hyperinsulinism | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Hyperinsulinism, Dominant | ClinVar | | maturity-onset diabetes of the young | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Maturity onset diabetes mellitus in young | ClinVar | PMID:10426385 more ... | maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 1 | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Type 2 diabetes mellitus | ClinVar | PMID:12627330 more ... | maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 | ClinVar | PMID:10426385 more ... | maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3 | ClinVar | PMID:19790256 more ... | neonatal diabetes | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Neonatal diabetes mellitus | ClinVar | | permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus | ClinVar | PMID:10426385 more ... | permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar more ... | ClinVar | PMID:10426385 more ... | Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus 1 | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus 1 | ClinVar | PMID:10525657 more ... | pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma | ClinVar | PMID:28299358 | transient neonatal diabetes mellitus | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Recessive | ClinVar | PMID:10447526 more ... | type 2 diabetes mellitus | | ISO | RGD:735697 | 8554872 | ClinVar Annotator: match by term: Type 2 diabetes mellitus | ClinVar | PMID:12627330 more ... | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References
References - curated
| # | Reference Title | Reference Citation |
| 1. | The amino acid sequence of rat liver glucokinase deduced from cloned cDNA. | Andreone TL, etal., J Biol Chem 1989 Jan 5;264(1):363-9. |
| 2. | Glucokinase regulatory protein is associated with mitochondria in hepatocytes. | Arden C, etal., FEBS Lett. 2006 Apr 3;580(8):2065-70. Epub 2006 Mar 10. |
| 3. | Interaction of glucokinase with the liver regulatory protein is conferred by leucine-asparagine motifs of the enzyme. | Baltrusch S, etal., Diabetes. 2005 Oct;54(10):2829-37. |
| 4. | Differences in regulatory properties between human and rat glucokinase regulatory protein. | Brocklehurst KJ, etal., Biochem J. 2004 Mar 1;378(Pt 2):693-7. |
| 5. | Evolution and regulatory role of the hexokinases. | Cardenas ML, etal., Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Mar 5;1401(3):242-64. |
| 6. | Nucleotide(-258) G-to-A transition variant of the liver glucokinase gene is associated with essential hypertension. | Chiang FT, etal., Am J Hypertens. 1997 Sep;10(9 Pt 1):1049-52. |
| 7. | Fructose is a good substrate for rat liver 'glucokinase' (hexokinase D). | Cárdenas ML, etal., Biochem J. 1984 Sep 1;222(2):363-70. doi: 10.1042/bj2220363. |
| 8. | Small molecule glucokinase activators disturb lipid homeostasis and induce fatty liver in rodents: a warning for therapeutic applications in humans. | De Ceuninck F, etal., Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Jan;168(2):339-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02184.x. |
| 9. | Glucokinase is the likely mediator of glucosensing in both glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited central neurons. | Dunn-Meynell AA, etal., Diabetes 2002 Jul;51(7):2056-65. |
| 10. | Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the glucokinase activator MK-0941 in rodent models of type 2 diabetes and healthy dogs. | Eiki J, etal., Mol Pharmacol. 2011 Dec;80(6):1156-65. doi: 10.1124/mol.111.074401. Epub 2011 Sep 21. |
| 11. | Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate increases pancreatic glucokinase activity and gene expression. | Fernandez-Mejia C, etal., Endocrinology 2001 Apr;142(4):1448-52. |
| 12. | Defect in glucokinase translocation in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. | Fujimoto Y, etal., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Sep;287(3):E414-23. Epub 2004 May 11. |
| 13. | Chronic treatment with a glucokinase activator delays the onset of hyperglycaemia and preserves beta cell mass in the Zucker diabetic fatty rat. | Futamura M, etal., Diabetologia. 2012 Apr;55(4):1071-80. doi: 10.1007/s00125-011-2439-3. Epub 2012 Jan 11. |
| 14. | An allosteric activator of glucokinase impairs the interaction of glucokinase and glucokinase regulatory protein and regulates glucose metabolism. | Futamura M, etal., J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 6;. |
| 15. | Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. | Gaudet P, etal., Brief Bioinform. 2011 Sep;12(5):449-62. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbr042. Epub 2011 Aug 27. |
| 16. | Familial hyperinsulinism caused by an activating glucokinase mutation. | Glaser B, etal., N Engl J Med. 1998 Jan 22;338(4):226-30. |
| 17. | Rat ISS GO annotations from GOA human gene data--August 2006 | GOA data from the GO Consortium |
| 18. | Relationships between concentration of hepatic intermediary metabolites and induction of the key glycolytic enzymes in vivo. | Gunn JM and Taylor CB, Biochem J. 1973 Nov;136(3):455-65. |
| 19. | Alternative splicing of glucokinase mRNA in rat liver. | Hayzer DJ and Iynedjian PB, Biochem J 1990 Aug 15;270(1):261-3. |
| 20. | Substrate-induced nuclear export and peripheral compartmentalization of hepatic glucokinase correlates with glycogen deposition. | Jetton TL, etal., Int J Exp Diabetes Res. 2001;2(3):173-86. |
| 21. | Hypermethylation of hepatic glucokinase and L-type pyruvate kinase promoters in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. | Jiang M, etal., Endocrinology. 2011 Apr;152(4):1284-9. doi: 10.1210/en.2010-1162. Epub 2011 Jan 14. |
| 22. | Glucose-dependent modulation of insulin secretion and intracellular calcium ions by GKA50, a glucokinase activator. | Johnson D, etal., Diabetes. 2007 Jun;56(6):1694-702. Epub 2007 Mar 14. |
| 23. | Nutrient-dependent distribution of insulin and glucokinase immunoreactivities in rat pancreatic beta cells. | Jorns A, etal., Virchows Arch. 1999 Jan;434(1):75-82. |
| 24. | Glucokinase is a critical regulator of ventromedial hypothalamic neuronal glucosensing. | Kang L, etal., Diabetes. 2006 Feb;55(2):412-20. |
| 25. | KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes | KEGG |
| 26. | Ventromedial hypothalamic glucokinase is an important mediator of the counterregulatory response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. | Levin BE, etal., Diabetes. 2008 May;57(5):1371-9. Epub 2008 Feb 21. |
| 27. | Iron increases liver injury through oxidative/nitrative stress in diabetic rats: Involvement of nitrotyrosination of glucokinase. | Li X, etal., Biochimie. 2012 Dec;94(12):2620-7. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.07.019. Epub 2012 Aug 1. |
| 28. | An alternate promoter in the glucokinase gene is active in the pancreatic beta cell. | Magnuson MA and Shelton KD, J Biol Chem 1989 Sep 25;264(27):15936-42. |
| 29. | Islet adaptive changes to fructose-induced insulin resistance: beta-cell mass, glucokinase, glucose metabolism, and insulin secretion. | Maiztegui B, etal., J Endocrinol. 2009 Feb;200(2):139-49. doi: 10.1677/JOE-08-0386. Epub 2008 Nov 27. |
| 30. | G(-30)A polymorphism in the pancreatic promoter of the glucokinase gene associated with angiographic coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. | Marz W, etal., Circulation. 2004 Jun 15;109(23):2844-9. Epub 2004 Jun 1. |
| 31. | Rat ISS GO annotations from MGI mouse gene data--August 2006 | MGD data from the GO Consortium |
| 32. | Kinetic studies of rat liver hexokinase D ('glucokinase') in non-co-operative conditions show an ordered mechanism with MgADP as the last product to be released. | Monasterio O and Cardenas ML, Biochem J. 2003 Apr 1;371(Pt 1):29-38. |
| 33. | A novel cytosolic dual specificity phosphatase, interacting with glucokinase, increases glucose phosphorylation rate. | Munoz-Alonso MJ, etal., J Biol Chem 2000 Oct 20;275(42):32406-12. |
| 34. | Co-localization of glucokinase with actin filaments. | Murata T, etal., FEBS Lett. 1997 Apr 7;406(1-2):109-13. |
| 35. | Electronic Transfer of LocusLink and RefSeq Data | NCBI rat LocusLink and RefSeq merged data July 26, 2002 |
| 36. | Mutations in the glucokinase gene are not a major cause of late-onset type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Japanese subjects. | Nishi S, etal., Diabet Med. 1994 Mar;11(2):193-7. |
| 37. | Neonatal diabetes mellitus due to complete glucokinase deficiency. | Njolstad PR, etal., N Engl J Med. 2001 May 24;344(21):1588-92. |
| 38. | Polymorphic microsatellite repeat markers at the glucokinase gene locus are positively associated with NIDDM in Japanese. | Noda K, etal., Diabetes. 1993 Aug;42(8):1147-52. |
| 39. | The islet beta-cell: fuel responsive and vulnerable. | Nolan CJ and Prentki M, Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Oct;19(8):285-91. Epub 2008 Sep 6. |
| 40. | Metabolic impact of glucokinase overexpression in liver: lowering of blood glucose in fed rats is accompanied by hyperlipidemia. | O'Doherty RM, etal., Diabetes. 1999 Oct;48(10):2022-7. |
| 41. | OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline | OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline |
| 42. | Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM (TM). | Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM (TM). |
| 43. | Contributions of glucokinase and phosphofructokinase-2/fructose bisphosphatase-2 to the elevated glycolysis in hepatocytes from Zucker fa/fa rats. | Payne VA, etal., Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2007 Aug;293(2):R618-25. Epub 2007 Jun 6. |
| 44. | KEGG Annotation Import Pipeline | Pipeline to import KEGG annotations from KEGG into RGD |
| 45. | PID Annotation Import Pipeline | Pipeline to import Pathway Interaction Database annotations from NCI into RGD |
| 46. | SMPDB Annotation Import Pipeline | Pipeline to import SMPDB annotations from SMPDB into RGD |
| 47. | GOA pipeline | RGD automated data pipeline |
| 48. | ClinVar Automated Import and Annotation Pipeline | RGD automated import pipeline for ClinVar variants, variant-to-disease annotations and gene-to-disease annotations |
| 49. | Data Import for Chemical-Gene Interactions | RGD automated import pipeline for gene-chemical interactions |
| 50. | Glucokinase and glucokinase regulatory proteins are functionally coexpressed before birth in the rat brain. | Roncero I, etal., J Neuroendocrinol. 2009 Dec;21(12):973-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01919.x. Epub 2009 Oct 6. |
| 51. | Effects of glucose and insulin on glucokinase activity in rat hypothalamus. | Sanz C, etal., J Endocrinol. 2007 May;193(2):259-67. |
| 52. | Common variants in MODY genes increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. | Shaat N, etal., Diabetologia. 2006 Jul;49(7):1545-51. Epub 2006 Apr 26. |
| 53. | Nuclear import of hepatic glucokinase depends upon glucokinase regulatory protein, whereas export is due to a nuclear export signal sequence in glucokinase. | Shiota C, etal., J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 24;274(52):37125-30. |
| 54. | Identification of glucokinase mutations in subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus. | Stoffel M, etal., Diabetes. 1993 Jun;42(6):937-40. |
| 55. | Two microsatellite repeat polymorphisms flanking opposite ends of the human glucokinase gene: use in haplotype analysis of Welsh Caucasians with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. | Tanizawa Y, etal., Diabetologia. 1993 May;36(5):409-13. |
| 56. | Glucokinase is located in secretory granules of pancreatic D-cells. | Toyoda Y, etal., FEBS Lett. 1997 Oct 6;415(3):281-4. |
| 57. | Glucokinase is concentrated in insulin-secretory granules of pancreatic B-cells. | Toyoda Y, etal., Histochem Cell Biol. 1999 Jul;112(1):35-40. |
| 58. | Identification of fructose 6-phosphate- and fructose 1-phosphate-binding residues in the regulatory protein of glucokinase. | Veiga-da-Cunha M and Van Schaftingen E, J Biol Chem 2002 Mar 8;277(10):8466-73. Epub 2001 Dec 27. |
| 59. | Nonsense mutation in the glucokinase gene causes early-onset non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | Vionnet N, etal., Nature. 1992 Apr 23;356(6371):721-2. |
| 60. | Induction and suppression of the key enzymes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in isolated perfused rat liver in response to glucose, fructose and lactate. | Wimhurst JM and Manchester KL, Biochem J. 1973 May;134(1):143-56. |
| 61. | Sugar specificity of human beta-cell glucokinase: correlation of molecular models with kinetic measurements. | Xu LZ, etal., Biochemistry. 1995 May 9;34(18):6083-92. doi: 10.1021/bi00018a011. |
| 62. | Kinetic behaviour of liver glucokinase in diabetes. I. Alteration in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. | Zahner D and Malaisse WJ, Diabetes Res. 1990 Jul;14(3):101-8. |
Additional References at PubMed
| PMID:141272 | PMID:1999433 | PMID:2590200 | PMID:2662183 | PMID:3931624 | PMID:7510884 | PMID:7553875 | PMID:7556622 | PMID:7665557 | PMID:8132752 | PMID:8446612 | PMID:8530440 |
| PMID:8878425 | PMID:8954920 | PMID:9357804 | PMID:9662046 | PMID:9867845 | PMID:9873043 | PMID:10713097 | PMID:11042116 | PMID:11950391 | PMID:12031952 | PMID:12242462 | PMID:12519761 |
| PMID:12931191 | PMID:12941786 | PMID:14505487 | PMID:14651853 | PMID:14674713 | PMID:14706571 | PMID:14749268 | PMID:15111491 | PMID:15123649 | PMID:15479952 | PMID:15707679 | PMID:15983194 |
| PMID:16173921 | PMID:16834571 | PMID:17204595 | PMID:17317782 | PMID:17414058 | PMID:17415548 | PMID:17712721 | PMID:17889836 | PMID:17994217 | PMID:18039179 | PMID:18084728 | PMID:18165236 |
| PMID:18199594 | PMID:18322640 | PMID:18477811 | PMID:18496667 | PMID:18612599 | PMID:18812575 | PMID:19146401 | PMID:19173678 | PMID:19366697 | PMID:19560332 | PMID:19604517 | PMID:20401447 |
| PMID:20531973 | PMID:20668700 | PMID:21488089 | PMID:22044397 | PMID:22611063 | PMID:22698525 | PMID:22778220 | PMID:23085254 | PMID:24187134 | PMID:24772484 | PMID:24793715 | PMID:25074928 |
| PMID:25485685 | PMID:25906449 | PMID:30146176 | PMID:32188779 |
Genomics
Comparative Map Data
| Gck (Rattus norvegicus - Norway rat) |
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| GCK (Homo sapiens - human) |
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| Gck (Mus musculus - house mouse) |
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| Gck (Chinchilla lanigera - long-tailed chinchilla) |
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| GCK (Pan paniscus - bonobo/pygmy chimpanzee) |
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| GCK (Canis lupus familiaris - dog) |
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| Gck (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus - thirteen-lined ground squirrel) |
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| GCK (Sus scrofa - pig) |
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| GCK (Chlorocebus sabaeus - green monkey) |
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| Gck (Heterocephalus glaber - naked mole-rat) |
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Variants
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Variants in Gck
93 total Variants 
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