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CHEBI ONTOLOGY - ANNOTATIONS

The Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology is downloaded weekly from EMBL-EBI at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/. The data is made available under the Creative Commons License (CC BY 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). For more information see: Degtyarenko et al. (2008) ChEBI: a database and ontology for chemical entities of biological interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D344–D350.
Term:glycine betaine
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Accession:CHEBI:17750 term browser browse the term
Definition:The amino acid betaine derived from glycine.
Synonyms:related_synonym: (Trimethylammonio)acetate;   (trimethylammoniumyl)acetate;   1-carboxy-N,N,N-trimethylmethanaminium inner salt;   2-N,N,N-trimethylammonio acetate;   Bet;   Formula=C5H11NO2;   InChI=1S/C5H11NO2/c1-6(2,3)4-5(7)8/h4H2,1-3H3;   InChIKey=KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N;   N,N,N-Trimethylglycine;   N,N,N-trimethylammonioacetate;   SMILES=C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O;   Trimethylaminoacetate;   Trimethylammonioacetate;   abromine;   acidol;   betaine;   trimethylglycine;   trimethylglycocoll
 alt_id: CHEBI:13895;   CHEBI:15264;   CHEBI:22858;   CHEBI:24370;   CHEBI:27128;   CHEBI:3073
 xref: Beilstein:3537113;   CAS:107-43-7;   Drug_Central:347;   Gmelin:26434;   HMDB:HMDB0000043;   KEGG:C00719;   KEGG:D07523;   KNApSAcK:C00007291
 xref_mesh: MESH:D001622
 xref: MetaCyc:BETAINE;   PDBeChem:BET;   PMID:16197300;   PMID:18326594;   PMID:20346934;   PMID:20446114;   PMID:20642826;   PMID:22770225;   Reaxys:3537113;   Wikipedia:Trimethylglycine;   YMDB:YMDB01516
 cyclic_relationship: is_conjugate_base_of CHEBI:41139


show annotations for term's descendants           Sort by:
glycine betaine term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G ATF4 activating transcription factor 4 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of ATF4 mRNA]; Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of ATF4 protein] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 5:8,742,964...8,745,752
Ensembl chr 5:8,742,967...8,745,368 		JBrowse link
G ATF6 activating transcription factor 6 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of ATF6 mRNA] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 4:88,591,279...88,806,156
Ensembl chr 4:88,591,288...88,805,304 		JBrowse link
G BAX BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Glyphosate] results in increased expression of BAX mRNA CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 6:54,222,341...54,228,150
Ensembl chr 6:54,222,336...54,228,140 		JBrowse link
G CASP3 caspase 3 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of CASP3 mRNA] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr15:45,744,320...45,753,252
Ensembl chr15:45,742,751...45,764,213 		JBrowse link
G CASP9 caspase 9 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of CASP9 mRNA] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 6:74,707,597...74,730,033
Ensembl chr 6:74,706,516...74,730,007 		JBrowse link
G CAT catalase multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12] promotes the reaction [bisphenol A results in decreased expression of CAT protein]; [Betaine co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12] results in increased expression of CAT mRNA; [Betaine co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12] results in increased expression of CAT protein; Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of CAT mRNA] CTD PMID:29129240 PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 2:26,493,664...26,533,881
Ensembl chr 2:26,487,653...26,581,452 		JBrowse link
G CLDN1 claudin 1 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in decreased expression of CLDN1 mRNA]; Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in decreased expression of CLDN1 protein] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr13:127,714,857...127,730,628
Ensembl chr13:127,712,777...127,730,657 		JBrowse link
G DDIT3 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of DDIT3 mRNA] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 5:22,785,441...22,789,867
Ensembl chr 5:22,785,445...22,789,829 		JBrowse link
G DNMT1 DNA methyltransferase 1 multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in increased expression of DNMT1 mRNA CTD PMID:28445388 NCBI chr 2:68,981,564...69,040,364
Ensembl chr 2:68,981,566...69,029,844 		JBrowse link
G DNMT3A DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] inhibits the reaction [bisphenol A results in decreased expression of DNMT3A mRNA]; [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in increased expression of DNMT3A mRNA CTD PMID:28445388 NCBI chr 3:113,501,972...113,609,148
Ensembl chr 3:113,528,926...113,603,087 		JBrowse link
G EIF2AK3 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of EIF2AK3 mRNA]; Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of EIF2AK3 protein] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 3:57,423,894...57,506,247
Ensembl chr 3:57,423,943...57,506,245 		JBrowse link
G EIF2S1 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of EIF2S1 mRNA]; Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of EIF2S1 protein] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 7:91,085,025...91,109,835
Ensembl chr 7:91,085,335...91,109,827 		JBrowse link
G ERN1 endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of ERN1 mRNA] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr12:14,881,913...14,963,290
Ensembl chr12:14,881,923...14,963,284 		JBrowse link
G GPX1 glutathione peroxidase 1 multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12] results in increased expression of GPX1 mRNA; [bisphenol A co-treated with [Betaine co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12]] results in increased expression of GPX1 mRNA CTD PMID:29129240 NCBI chr13:31,916,269...31,917,337
Ensembl chr13:31,916,246...31,917,433 		JBrowse link
G GPX2 glutathione peroxidase 2 multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Glyphosate] results in increased expression of GPX2 mRNA CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 7:89,007,636...89,011,620
Ensembl chr 7:89,007,375...89,011,620 		JBrowse link
G GYS1 glycogen synthase 1 multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with bisphenol A] results in increased methylation of GYS1 promoter; [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid] results in decreased expression of GYS1 mRNA; [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid] results in increased methylation of GYS1 promoter CTD PMID:29065941 NCBI chr 6:54,234,600...54,250,211
Ensembl chr 6:54,233,050...54,250,261 		JBrowse link
G HSP90B1 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of HSP90B1 mRNA]; Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of HSP90B1 protein] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 5:80,511,513...80,531,016
Ensembl chr 5:80,511,506...80,530,991 		JBrowse link
G LDHA lactate dehydrogenase A multiple interactions EXP [bisphenol A co-treated with Choline co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Betaine] results in decreased methylation of LDHA promoter CTD PMID:29065941 NCBI chr 2:40,814,163...40,827,284
Ensembl chr 2:40,814,169...40,826,715 		JBrowse link
G MFN1 mitofusin 1 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of MFN1 mRNA] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr13:117,404,637...117,441,750
Ensembl chr13:117,404,699...117,442,481 		JBrowse link
G MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in increased expression of MTHFR mRNA CTD PMID:28445388 NCBI chr 6:71,863,637...71,882,118
Ensembl chr 6:71,863,637...71,881,820 		JBrowse link
G NFE2L2 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of NFE2L2 mRNA] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr15:82,967,485...83,146,185
Ensembl chr15:82,973,656...83,146,183 		JBrowse link
G NQO1 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of NQO1 mRNA] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 6:17,292,962...17,302,593
Ensembl chr 6:17,292,770...17,302,590 		JBrowse link
G PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of PCNA mRNA]; Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of PCNA protein] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr17:14,137,746...14,142,584
Ensembl chr17:14,136,886...14,142,744 		JBrowse link
G SDHA succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of SDHA mRNA] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr16:79,838,442...79,862,956
Ensembl chr16:79,834,044...79,862,524 		JBrowse link
G SI sucrase-isomaltase multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in increased expression of SI mRNA CTD PMID:28445388 NCBI chr13:104,296,281...104,379,558
Ensembl chr13:104,296,283...104,379,478 		JBrowse link
G SLC15A1 solute carrier family 15 member 1 multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] inhibits the reaction [bisphenol A results in decreased expression of SLC15A1 mRNA]; [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] inhibits the reaction [bisphenol A results in decreased methylation of SLC15A1 promoter]; [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in increased expression of SLC15A1 mRNA CTD PMID:28445388 NCBI chr11:67,652,808...67,690,457
Ensembl chr11:67,652,193...67,710,933 		JBrowse link
G SLC5A1 solute carrier family 5 member 1 multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with bisphenol A] results in increased expression of SLC5A1 mRNA; [Betaine co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12 co-treated with Folic Acid] results in increased expression of SLC5A1 mRNA CTD PMID:28445388 NCBI chr14:48,566,400...48,704,145
Ensembl chr14:48,628,224...48,705,841 		JBrowse link
G SOD1 superoxide dismutase 1 multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Folic Acid co-treated with Choline co-treated with Vitamin B 12] results in increased expression of SOD1 mRNA CTD PMID:29129240 NCBI chr13:195,326,573...195,335,273
Ensembl chr13:195,326,649...195,337,729 		JBrowse link
G SOD2 superoxide dismutase 2 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of SOD2 mRNA] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 1:7,679,352...7,689,564
Ensembl chr 1:7,679,352...7,689,560 		JBrowse link
G UQCRB ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein multiple interactions EXP [Betaine co-treated with Glyphosate] results in decreased expression of UQCRB mRNA CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr 4:40,403,272...40,409,080
Ensembl chr 4:40,403,109...40,409,057 		JBrowse link
G XBP1 X-box binding protein 1 multiple interactions EXP Betaine inhibits the reaction [Glyphosate results in increased expression of XBP1 mRNA] CTD PMID:36584959 NCBI chr14:46,011,239...46,016,526
Ensembl chr14:46,008,377...46,016,526 		JBrowse link
Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 5053
    role 5018
      biological role 5018
        biochemical role 4940
          metabolite 4928
            fundamental metabolite 152
              glycine betaine 31
                N,N,N-trimethylglycyl-CoA 0
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 5053
    subatomic particle 5044
      composite particle 5044
        hadron 5044
          baryon 5044
            nucleon 5044
              atomic nucleus 5044
                atom 5044
                  main group element atom 5015
                    main group molecular entity 5014
                      s-block molecular entity 4945
                        hydrogen molecular entity 4938
                          hydrides 4545
                            inorganic hydride 403
                              pnictogen hydride 399
                                nitrogen hydride 399
                                  azane 391
                                    ammonia 391
                                      organic amino compound 284
                                        amino acid 179
                                          alpha-amino acid 149
                                            L-alpha-amino acid 148
                                              serine family amino acid 93
                                                glycine 53
                                                  glycine derivative 46
                                                    glycine betaine 31
                                                      N,N,N-trimethylglycyl-CoA 0
paths to the root