| 1605066 | DRAM1 | DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 1 | This gene is regulated as part of the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. The gene encodes a lysosomal membrane protein that is required for the induction of autophagy by the pathway. Decreased transcriptional expression of this gene is associated with various tumors. This gene has a pseudogene on chromos ome 4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] | 12 | 101877580 | 101923612 | Human | 142 | symbol , COSMIC , Human Proteome Map , old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 2304150 | TMEM150B | transmembrane protein 150B | This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the DRAM (damage-regulated autophagy modulator) family of membrane-spanning proteins. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] | 19 | 55309444 | 55325341 | Human | 34 | old_gene_name , description , old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1604537 | DRAM2 | DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 2 | The protein encoded by this gene binds microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 and is required for autophagy. Defects in this gene are a cause of retinal dystrophy. In addition, two microRNAs (microRNA 125b-1 and microRNA 144) can bind to the mRNA of this gene and produce the disease state. [ provided by RefSeq, Mar 2017] | 1 | 111117163 | 111140093 | Human | 173 | symbol , COSMIC , Human Proteome Map | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 38639723 | DRAM1-AS1 | DRAM1 antisense RNA 1 | | 12 | 101954998 | 101964237 | Human | | symbol , COSMIC , name , Human Proteome Map | gene, ncrna, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 16561229 | AC084398.2 | novel transcript, antisense to DRAM1 | | | | | Human | | name | gene, lncrna |
| 1321661 | CCNA1 | cyclin A1 | The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distin ct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. The cyclin encoded by this gene was shown to be expressed in testis and brain, as well as in several leukemic cell lines, and is thought to primarily function in the control of the germline meiotic cell cycle. This cyclin binds both CDK2 and CDC2 kinases, which give two distinct kinase activities, one appearing in S phase, the other in G2, and thus regulate separate functions in cell cycle. This cyclin was found to bind to important cell cycle regulators, such as Rb family proteins, transcription factor E2F-1, and the p21 family proteins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] | 13 | 36431517 | 36442870 | Human | 227 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1352366 | CCNB3 | cyclin B3 | The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as positive regulators of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and thereby play an essential role in the control of the cell cycle. Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns, which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. Studies of similar genes in chicken and drosophila suggest that this cyclin may associate with CDC2 and CDK2 kinases, and may be required for proper spindle reorganization and restoration of the interphase nucleus. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011] | X | 50202713 | 50351914 | Human | 39 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 68556 | CCND1 | cyclin D1 | The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance throughout the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit dis tinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb and the expression of this gene is regulated positively by Rb. Mutations, amplification and overexpression of this gene, which alters cell cycle progression, are observed frequently in a variety of human cancers. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2019] | 11 | 69641156 | 69654474 | Human | 2026 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 730903 | CCND2 | cyclin D2 | The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distin ct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with CDK4 or CDK6 and functions as a regulatory subunit of the complex, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. Knockout studies of the homologous gene in mouse suggest the essential roles of this gene in ovarian granulosa and germ cell proliferation. High level expression of this gene was observed in ovarian and testicular tumors. Mutations in this gene are associated with megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome 3 (MPPH3). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014] | 12 | 4273762 | 4305353 | Human | 543 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 736176 | CCND3 | cyclin D3 | The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distin ct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activtiy is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with and be involved in the phosphorylation of tumor suppressor protein Rb. The CDK4 activity associated with this cyclin was reported to be necessary for cell cycle progression through G2 phase into mitosis after UV radiation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] | 6 | 41934933 | 42050035 | Human | 376 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 736488 | CCNE1 | cyclin E1 | The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distin ct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK2, whose activity is required for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein accumulates at the G1-S phase boundary and is degraded as cells progress through S phase. Overexpression of this gene has been observed in many tumors, which results in chromosome instability, and thus may contribute to tumorigenesis. This protein was found to associate with, and be involved in, the phosphorylation of NPAT protein (nuclear protein mapped to the ATM locus), which participates in cell-cycle regulated histone gene expression and plays a critical role in promoting cell-cycle progression in the absence of pRB. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2016] | 19 | 29811991 | 29824312 | Human | 677 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1317175 | CCNE2 | cyclin E2 | The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distin ct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK2. This cyclin has been shown to specifically interact with CIP/KIP family of CDK inhibitors, and plays a role in cell cycle G1/S transition. The expression of this gene peaks at the G1-S phase and exhibits a pattern of tissue specificity distinct from that of cyclin E1. A significantly increased expression level of this gene was observed in tumor-derived cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] | 8 | 94880224 | 94896693 | Human | 331 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 69470 | CCNH | cyclin H | The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distin ct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin forms a complex with CDK7 kinase and ring finger protein MAT1. The kinase complex is able to phosphorylate CDK2 and CDC2 kinases, thus functions as a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). This cyclin and its kinase partner are components of TFIIH, as well as RNA polymerase II protein complexes. They participate in two different transcriptional regulation processes, suggesting an important link between basal transcription control and the cell cycle machinery. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 4. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010] | 5 | 87311471 | 87412930 | Human | 149 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1319424 | CCNI | cyclin I | The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distin ct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin shows the highest similarity with cyclin G. The transcript of this gene was found to be expressed constantly during cell cycle progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2017] | 4 | 77047155 | 77075989 | Human | 90 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1319417 | CCNT2 | cyclin T2 | The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. Cyclins function as regulators of CDK kinases. Different cyclins exhibit distin ct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. This cyclin and its kinase partner CDK9 were found to be subunits of the transcription elongation factor p-TEFb. The p-TEFb complex containing this cyclin was reported to interact with, and act as a negative regulator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 1. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010] | 2 | 134918822 | 134959342 | Human | 133 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 735341 | CDKN1A | cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A | This gene encodes a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. The encoded protein binds to and inhibits the activity of cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase2 or -cyclin-dependent kinase4 complexes, and thus functions as a regulator of cell cycle progression at G1. The expression of this gene is tightly co ntrolled by the tumor suppressor protein p53, through which this protein mediates the p53-dependent cell cycle G1 phase arrest in response to a variety of stress stimuli. This protein can interact with proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a DNA polymerase accessory factor, and plays a regulatory role in S phase DNA replication and DNA damage repair. This protein was reported to be specifically cleaved by CASP3-like caspases, which thus leads to a dramatic activation of cyclin-dependent kinase2, and may be instrumental in the execution of apoptosis following caspase activation. Mice that lack this gene have the ability to regenerate damaged or missing tissue. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015] | 6 | 36676463 | 36687332 | Human | 2241 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1348731 | CDKN2B | cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B | This gene lies adjacent to the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A in a region that is frequently mutated and deleted in a wide variety of tumors. This gene encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, which forms a complex with CDK4 or CDK6, and prevents the activation of the CDK kinases, thus the encoded protein functions as a cell growth regulator that controls cell cycle G1 progression. The expression of this gene was found to be dramatically induced by TGF beta, which suggested its role in the TGF beta induced growth inhibition. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene, which encode distinct proteins, have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] | 9 | 22002903 | 22009313 | Human | 397 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1353403 | IL20 | interleukin 20 | The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine structurally related to interleukin 10 (IL10). This cytokine has been shown to transduce its signal through signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in keratinocytes. A specific receptor for this cytokine is found to be expressed in sk in and upregulated dramatically in psoriatic skin, suggesting a role for this protein in epidermal function and psoriasis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] | 1 | 206863565 | 206869223 | Human | 70 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1353801 | PLK1 | polo like kinase 1 | The Ser/Thr protein kinase encoded by this gene belongs to the CDC5/Polo subfamily. It is highly expressed during mitosis and elevated levels are found in many different types of cancer. Depletion of this protein in cancer cells dramatically inhibited cell proli feration and induced apoptosis; hence, it is a target for cancer therapy. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015] | 16 | 23678889 | 23690367 | Human | 474 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1323372 | PRC1 | protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 | This gene encodes a protein that is involved in cytokinesis. The protein is present at high levels during the S and G2/M phases of mitosis but its levels drop dramatically when the cell exits mitosis and enters the G1 phase. It is located in the nucleus during i nterphase, becomes associated with mitotic spindles in a highly dynamic manner during mitosis, and localizes to the cell mid-body during cytokinesis. This protein has been shown to be a substrate of several cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). It is necessary for polarizing parallel microtubules and concentrating the factors responsible for contractile ring assembly. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2012] | 15 | 90966040 | 90994535 | Human | 261 | description | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
