| 1347965 | TUBB3 | tubulin beta 3 class III | This gene encodes a class III member of the beta tubulin protein family. Beta tubulins are one of two core protein families (alpha and beta tubulins) that heterodimerize and assemble to form microtubules. This protein is primarily expressed in neurons and may be involved in neurogenesis and axon gui dance and maintenance. Mutations in this gene are the cause of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 3. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010] | 16 | 89921925 | 89936097 | Human | 541 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 619730 | Tubb4a | tubulin, beta 4A class IVa | ENCODES a protein that exhibits calcium ion binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN negative regulation of microtubule polymerization (ortholog); ASSOCIATED WITH demyelination; tremors; ASSOCIATED WITH demyelinating disease; autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 9 (ortholog); BROWN SYNDROME (ortholog); FOUND IN axoneme (ortholog); cell projection (ortholog); ciliary tip (ortholog); INTERACTS WITH 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate; 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran; 6-propyl-2-thiouracil | 9 | 2004836 | 2012281 | Rat | 173 | symbol , PhenoGen , old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 735794 | Tubb4a | tubulin, beta 4A class IVA | Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and calcium ion binding activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of cytoskeleton. Predicted to be involved in microtubule cytoskeleton organization; mitotic cell cycle; and negative regulation of microtubule polymerization. Located in several cellul ar components, including internode region of axon; myelin sheath; and neuronal cell body. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; genitourinary system; respiratory system; and sensory organ. Used to study hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 6. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 6 and torsion dystonia 4. Orthologous to human TUBB4A (tubulin beta 4A class IVa). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025] | 17 | 57387061 | 57394600 | Mouse | 195 | symbol , PhenoGen , description , old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 1348861 | TUBB4A | tubulin beta 4A class IVa | This gene encodes a member of the beta tubulin family. Beta tubulins are one of two core protein families (alpha and beta tubulins) that heterodimerize and assemble to form microtubules. Mutations in this gene cause hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-6 and autosomal dominant torsion dystonia-4. Alternat e splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome X. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014] | 19 | 6494319 | 6502848 | Human | 290 | symbol , COSMIC , Human Proteome Map , old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 12382145 | TUBB4A | tubulin beta 4A class IVa | ENCODES a protein that exhibits calcium ion binding (inferred); GTP binding (inferred); GTPase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN cytoskeleton organization (inferred); microtubule-based process (inferred); negative regulation of microtubule polymerization (inferred); ASSOCIATED WITH autosomal recessiv e nonsyndromic deafness 9 (ortholog); BROWN SYNDROME (ortholog); cerebral palsy (ortholog); FOUND IN axoneme (inferred); cell projection (inferred); ciliary tip (inferred) | 20 | 53697643 | 53702671 | Dog | 52 | symbol , old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 9040287 | Tubb4a | tubulin beta 4A class IVa | ENCODES a protein that exhibits calcium ion binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN negative regulation of microtubule polymerization (ortholog); ASSOCIATED WITH autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 9 (ortholog); BROWN SYNDROME (ortholog); cerebral palsy (ortholog); FOUND IN axoneme (ortholog); cell pr ojection (ortholog); cilium (ortholog) | NW_004955495 | 3134181 | 3138725 | Chinchilla | 29 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 11725843 | TUBB4A | tubulin beta 4A class IVa | ENCODES a protein that exhibits calcium ion binding (inferred); double-stranded RNA binding (inferred); GTP binding (inferred); INVOLVED IN cytoskeleton organization (inferred); flagellated sperm motility (inferred); microtubule-based process (inferred); ASSOCIATED WITH autosomal recessive nonsyndro mic deafness 9 (ortholog); BROWN SYNDROME (ortholog); cerebral palsy (ortholog); FOUND IN cell projection (ortholog); cilium (ortholog); cytoplasm (ortholog) | 19 | 5521425 | 5529958 | Bonobo | 54 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 12468827 | Tubb4a | tubulin beta 4A class IVa | ENCODES a protein that exhibits calcium ion binding (inferred); GTP binding (inferred); GTPase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN cytoskeleton organization (inferred); microtubule-based process (inferred); negative regulation of microtubule polymerization (inferred); ASSOCIATED WITH autosomal recessiv e nonsyndromic deafness 9 (ortholog); BROWN SYNDROME (ortholog); cerebral palsy (ortholog); FOUND IN axoneme (inferred); cell projection (inferred); ciliary tip (inferred) | NW_004936588 | 3821171 | 3826827 | Squirrel | 46 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 14057406 | TUBB4A | tubulin beta 4A class IVa | ENCODES a protein that exhibits calcium ion binding (inferred); GTP binding (inferred); GTPase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN cytoskeleton organization (inferred); microtubule-based process (inferred); negative regulation of microtubule polymerization (inferred); ASSOCIATED WITH autosomal recessiv e nonsyndromic deafness 9 (ortholog); BROWN SYNDROME (ortholog); cerebral palsy (ortholog); FOUND IN axoneme (inferred); cell projection (inferred); ciliary tip (inferred) | | | | Pig | 47 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 18558384 | TUBB4A | tubulin beta 4A class IVa | ENCODES a protein that exhibits calcium ion binding (inferred); GTP binding (inferred); GTPase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN cytoskeleton organization (inferred); microtubule-based process (inferred); negative regulation of microtubule polymerization (inferred); ASSOCIATED WITH autosomal recessiv e nonsyndromic deafness 9 (ortholog); BROWN SYNDROME (ortholog); cerebral palsy (ortholog); FOUND IN axoneme (inferred); cell projection (inferred); ciliary tip (inferred) | | | | Green Monkey | 48 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 18932595 | Tubb4a | tubulin beta 4A class IVa | ENCODES a protein that exhibits calcium ion binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN negative regulation of microtubule polymerization (ortholog); ASSOCIATED WITH autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 9 (ortholog); BROWN SYNDROME (ortholog); cerebral palsy (ortholog); FOUND IN axoneme (ortholog); cell pr ojection (ortholog); cilium (ortholog) | | | | Naked Mole-Rat | 40 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 20866584 | TUBB4A | tubulin beta 4A class IVa | | | | | Green Monkey | | symbol | gene, protein-coding |
| 155242039 | tubb4a | | | | | | Tropical Clawed Frog | | symbol | gene, null |
| 625971472 | Tubb4a | tubulin beta 4A class IVa | ENCODES a protein that exhibits calcium ion binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN negative regulation of microtubule polymerization (ortholog); ASSOCIATED WITH autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness 9 (ortholog); BROWN SYNDROME (ortholog); cerebral palsy (ortholog); FOUND IN axoneme (ortholog); cell pr ojection (ortholog); cilium (ortholog) | | | | Black Rat | 29 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 735101 | Tubb4b | tubulin, beta 4B class IVb | ENCODES a protein that exhibits double-stranded RNA binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN flagellated sperm motility (ortholog); ASSOCIATED WITH Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury (ortholog); Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness (ortholog); retinitis pigmentosa 1 (ortholog); FOUND IN a xonemal microtubule (ortholog); microtubule (ortholog); sperm flagellum (ortholog); INTERACTS WITH (+)-schisandrin B; (S)-colchicine; 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate | 3 | 28435999 | 28438455 | Rat | 219 | symbol , PhenoGen | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 1557719 | Tubb4b | tubulin, beta 4B class IVB | Predicted to enable GTP binding activity and double-stranded RNA binding activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of cytoskeleton. Involved in flagellated sperm motility. Located in myelin sheath. Is active in sperm flagellum. Is expressed in brain ependyma; epithelial layer of oviduct; ge rm cell of testis; nasal epithelium; and respiratory system epithelium. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness. Orthologous to human TUBB4B (tubulin beta 4B class IVb). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025] | 2 | 25112170 | 25114714 | Mouse | 234 | symbol , PhenoGen , description | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 1601774 | TUBB4B | tubulin beta 4B class IVb | Enables double-stranded RNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in microtubule cytoskeleton organization and mitotic cell cycle. Located in axonemal microtubule; intercellular bridge; and mitotic spindle. Implicated in Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness. [provided by Allianc e of Genome Resources, Jul 2025] | 9 | 137241287 | 137243707 | Human | 273 | symbol , COSMIC , Human Proteome Map | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 8793157 | Tubb4b | tubulin beta 4B class IVb | ENCODES a protein that exhibits double-stranded RNA binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN flagellated sperm motility (ortholog); ASSOCIATED WITH Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury (ortholog); Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness (ortholog); retinitis pigmentosa 1 (ortholog); FOUND IN a xonemal microtubule (ortholog); microtubule (ortholog); microtubule cytoskeleton (ortholog) | NW_004955513 | 5237050 | 5239370 | Chinchilla | 12 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 11804897 | TUBB4B | tubulin beta 4B class IVb | ENCODES a protein that exhibits double-stranded RNA binding (inferred); GTP binding (inferred); GTPase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN cytoskeleton organization (inferred); flagellated sperm motility (inferred); microtubule-based process (inferred); ASSOCIATED WITH Chemical and Drug Induced Liver I njury (ortholog); Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness (ortholog); retinitis pigmentosa 1 (ortholog); FOUND IN axonemal microtubule (inferred); cytoskeleton (inferred); intercellular bridge (inferred) | 9 | 108300868 | 108303321 | Bonobo | 26 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 12249027 | TUBB4B | tubulin beta 4B class IVb | ENCODES a protein that exhibits double-stranded RNA binding (inferred); GTP binding (inferred); GTPase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN cytoskeleton organization (inferred); flagellated sperm motility (inferred); microtubule-based process (inferred); ASSOCIATED WITH Chemical and Drug Induced Liver I njury (ortholog); Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness (ortholog); retinitis pigmentosa 1 (ortholog); FOUND IN axonemal microtubule (inferred); cytoskeleton (inferred); microtubule (inferred) | 9 | 48432114 | 48434626 | Dog | 23 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 12524153 | Tubb4b | tubulin beta 4B class IVb | ENCODES a protein that exhibits double-stranded RNA binding (inferred); GTP binding (inferred); GTPase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN cytoskeleton organization (inferred); flagellated sperm motility (inferred); microtubule-based process (inferred); ASSOCIATED WITH Chemical and Drug Induced Liver I njury (ortholog); Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness (ortholog); retinitis pigmentosa 1 (ortholog); FOUND IN axonemal microtubule (inferred); cytoskeleton (inferred); microtubule (inferred) | NW_004936669 | 749203 | 751622 | Squirrel | 23 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 14283182 | TUBB4B | tubulin beta 4B class IVb | ENCODES a protein that exhibits double-stranded RNA binding (inferred); GTP binding (inferred); GTPase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN cytoskeleton organization (inferred); flagellated sperm motility (inferred); microtubule-based process (inferred); ASSOCIATED WITH Chemical and Drug Induced Liver I njury (ortholog); Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness (ortholog); retinitis pigmentosa 1 (ortholog); FOUND IN axonemal microtubule (inferred); cytoplasm (inferred); cytoskeleton (inferred) | | | | Pig | 30 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 18723777 | TUBB4B | tubulin beta 4B class IVb | ENCODES a protein that exhibits double-stranded RNA binding (inferred); GTP binding (inferred); GTPase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN cytoskeleton organization (inferred); flagellated sperm motility (inferred); microtubule-based process (inferred); ASSOCIATED WITH Chemical and Drug Induced Liver I njury (ortholog); Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness (ortholog); retinitis pigmentosa 1 (ortholog); FOUND IN axonemal microtubule (inferred); cytoskeleton (inferred); intercellular bridge (inferred) | | | | Green Monkey | 26 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 18919322 | Tubb4b | tubulin beta 4B class IVb | ENCODES a protein that exhibits double-stranded RNA binding (inferred); GTP binding (inferred); GTPase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN cytoskeleton organization (inferred); flagellated sperm motility (inferred); microtubule-based process (inferred); ASSOCIATED WITH Chemical and Drug Induced Liver I njury (ortholog); Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness (ortholog); retinitis pigmentosa 1 (ortholog); FOUND IN axonemal microtubule (inferred); cytoskeleton (inferred); microtubule (inferred) | | | | Naked Mole-Rat | 23 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 155232085 | tubb4b | | | | | | Tropical Clawed Frog | | symbol | gene, null |
| 626115828 | Tubb4b | tubulin beta 4B class IVb | ENCODES a protein that exhibits double-stranded RNA binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN flagellated sperm motility (ortholog); ASSOCIATED WITH Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury (ortholog); Leber congenital amaurosis with early-onset deafness (ortholog); retinitis pigmentosa 1 (ortholog); FOUND IN a xonemal microtubule (ortholog); microtubule (ortholog); microtubule cytoskeleton (ortholog) | | | | Black Rat | 12 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 155235020 | tubb4a.L | | | | | | African Clawed Frog | | symbol | gene, null |
| 155245421 | tubb4a.S | | | | | | African Clawed Frog | | symbol | gene, null |
| 7207629 | TUBB4AP1 | tubulin beta 4A class IVa pseudogene 1 | INTERACTS WITH aristolochic acid A | X | 123561548 | 123563471 | Human | 1 | symbol , COSMIC , Human Proteome Map | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 155232084 | tubb4b.L | | | | | | African Clawed Frog | | symbol | gene, null |
| 155252437 | tubb4b.S | | | | | | African Clawed Frog | | symbol | gene, null |
| 10399501 | TUBB4BP1 | TUBB4B pseudogene 1 | | 12 | 25440875 | 25441052 | Human | | symbol , COSMIC , name , Human Proteome Map | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 7207550 | TUBB4BP2 | TUBB4B pseudogene 2 | | 9 | 34109174 | 34109967 | Human | | symbol , COSMIC , name , Human Proteome Map | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 10400265 | TUBB4BP3 | TUBB4B pseudogene 3 | | X | 118128748 | 118129172 | Human | | symbol , COSMIC , name , Human Proteome Map | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 10400224 | TUBB4BP4 | TUBB4B pseudogene 4 | | 11 | 91949731 | 91950034 | Human | | symbol , COSMIC , name , Human Proteome Map | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 10399895 | TUBB4BP5 | TUBB4B pseudogene 5 | | 4 | 121451541 | 121451967 | Human | | symbol , COSMIC , name , Human Proteome Map | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 7207750 | TUBB4BP6 | TUBB4B pseudogene 6 | | 9 | 118763867 | 118764279 | Human | | symbol , COSMIC , name , Human Proteome Map | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 7207590 | TUBB4BP7 | TUBB4B pseudogene 7 | | 6 | 152897925 | 152899473 | Human | | symbol , COSMIC , name , Human Proteome Map | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 27226823 | TUBB4BP8 | TUBB4B pseudogene 8 | | X | 94319037 | 94320117 | Human | | symbol , COSMIC , name , Human Proteome Map | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 1583772 | Tubb4b-ps1 | tubulin, beta 4B class IVb, pseudogene 1 | | X | 46515201 | 46516503 | Rat | | symbol , PhenoGen | gene, pseudo, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 2295064 | Tubb4b-ps1 | tubulin, beta 4B class IVB, pseudogene 1 | INTERACTS WITH furan; paracetamol | 5 | 7229296 | 7230843 | Mouse | 3 | symbol , PhenoGen | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 1593752 | Tubb4b-ps2 | tubulin, beta 4B class IVb, pseudogene 2 | | 12 | 21725276 | 21726343 | Rat | | symbol , PhenoGen | gene, pseudo, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 1642770 | Tubb4b-ps2 | tubulin, beta 4B class IVB, pseudogene 2 | | 1 | 24633012 | 24634570 | Mouse | | symbol , PhenoGen | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 1559512 | Tubb4b-ps3 | tubulin, beta 4B class IVb, pseudogene 3 | | 10 | 35842727 | 35844153 | Rat | | symbol , PhenoGen | gene, pseudo, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 7527018 | Tubb4b-ps4 | tubulin, beta 4B class IVb, pseudogene 4 | | 9 | 79309172 | 79310693 | Rat | | symbol , PhenoGen | gene, pseudo, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 12156447 | LOC491231 | tubulin, beta 4B class IVb | | 1 | 25119314 | 25120094 | Dog | | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 1344969 | TUBB7P | tubulin beta 7 pseudogene | INTERACTS WITH aristolochic acid A; copper atom; copper(0) | 4 | 189982335 | 189984929 | Human | 12 | old_gene_symbol | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 16564929 | AC010503.1 | novel transcript, antisense to TUBB4A | | | | | Human | | name | gene, lncrna |
| 16564933 | AC010503.2 | novel transcript, antisense to TUBB4A | | | | | Human | | name | gene, lncrna |
