| 1345734 | SMS | spermine synthase | This gene encodes a protein belonging to the spermidine/spermin synthase family and catalyzes the production of spermine from spermidine. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on chromosomes 1, 5, 6 and X. Mutations in this gene cause an X-linked intellectual disability called Snyder-Robinson Syndrom e (SRS). Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017] | X | 21940709 | 21994837 | Human | 246 | symbol , COSMIC , Human Proteome Map | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1557826 | Sms | spermine synthase | Predicted to enable spermine synthase activity. Acts upstream of or within spermine metabolic process. Is expressed in several structures, including central nervous system; ganglia; limb; respiratory system; and tooth. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in anxiety disorder and syndromic X-lin ked intellectual disability Snyder type. Orthologous to human SMS (spermine synthase). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025] | X | 156226847 | 156275283 | Mouse | 148 | symbol , PhenoGen , description | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 1564826 | Sms | spermine synthase | ENCODES a protein that exhibits spermine synthase activity; INVOLVED IN spermine biosynthetic process; spermine metabolic process (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN spermine metabolic pathway; methionine cycle/metabolic pathway; polyamine metabolic pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH anxiety disorder (ortholog); Deve lopmental Disease (ortholog); genetic disease (ortholog); FOUND IN cytosol (ortholog); INTERACTS WITH 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine; 6-propyl-2-thiouracil; alpha-Zearalanol | X | 41331693 | 41387713 | Rat | 119 | symbol , PhenoGen | gene, protein-coding, PROVISIONAL [RefSeq] |
| 9044410 | Sms | spermine synthase | ENCODES a protein that exhibits spermine synthase activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN spermine biosynthetic process (ortholog); spermine metabolic process (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN methionine cycle/metabolic pathway; polyamine metabolic pathway; spermidine metabolic pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH anxiety d isorder (ortholog); Developmental Disease (ortholog); genetic disease (ortholog); FOUND IN cytosol (ortholog) | NW_004955509 | 2277501 | 2328612 | Chinchilla | 22 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 11922425 | SMS | spermine synthase | ENCODES a protein that exhibits spermine synthase activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN spermine biosynthetic process (ortholog); spermine metabolic process (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN methionine cycle/metabolic pathway; polyamine metabolic pathway; spermidine metabolic pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH anxiety d isorder (ortholog); Developmental Disease (ortholog); genetic disease (ortholog); FOUND IN cytosol (ortholog) | X | 14571432 | 14625601 | Bonobo | 29 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 12323985 | SMS | spermine synthase | ENCODES a protein that exhibits spermine synthase activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN spermine biosynthetic process (ortholog); spermine metabolic process (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN methionine cycle/metabolic pathway; polyamine metabolic pathway; spermidine metabolic pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH anxiety d isorder (ortholog); Developmental Disease (ortholog); genetic disease (ortholog); FOUND IN cytosol (ortholog) | X | 17749020 | 17803351 | Dog | 29 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 12642188 | Sms | spermine synthase | ENCODES a protein that exhibits spermine synthase activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN spermine biosynthetic process (ortholog); spermine metabolic process (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN methionine cycle/metabolic pathway; polyamine metabolic pathway; spermidine metabolic pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH anxiety d isorder (ortholog); Developmental Disease (ortholog); genetic disease (ortholog); FOUND IN cytosol (inferred) | NW_004936624 | 2345573 | 2402157 | Squirrel | 31 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 13947556 | SMS | spermine synthase | ENCODES a protein that exhibits spermine synthase activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN spermine biosynthetic process (ortholog); spermine metabolic process (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN methionine cycle/metabolic pathway; polyamine metabolic pathway; spermidine metabolic pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH anxiety d isorder (ortholog); Developmental Disease (ortholog); genetic disease (ortholog); FOUND IN cytosol (inferred) | | | | Pig | 31 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 14388488 | Sms | | | | | | Fly | | symbol | gene, null |
| 18363849 | SMS | spermine synthase | ENCODES a protein that exhibits spermine synthase activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN spermine biosynthetic process (ortholog); spermine metabolic process (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN methionine cycle/metabolic pathway; polyamine metabolic pathway; spermidine metabolic pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH anxiety d isorder (ortholog); Developmental Disease (ortholog); genetic disease (ortholog); FOUND IN cytosol (inferred) | | | | Green Monkey | 31 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 18902871 | Sms | spermine synthase | ENCODES a protein that exhibits spermine synthase activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN spermine biosynthetic process (ortholog); spermine metabolic process (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN methionine cycle/metabolic pathway; polyamine metabolic pathway; spermidine metabolic pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH anxiety d isorder (ortholog); Developmental Disease (ortholog); genetic disease (ortholog); FOUND IN cytosol (ortholog) | | | | Naked Mole-Rat | 29 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 155232694 | sms | | | | | | Tropical Clawed Frog | | symbol | gene, null |
| 626112523 | Sms | spermine synthase | ENCODES a protein that exhibits spermine synthase activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN spermine biosynthetic process (ortholog); spermine metabolic process (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN methionine cycle/metabolic pathway; polyamine metabolic pathway; spermidine metabolic pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH anxiety d isorder (ortholog); Developmental Disease (ortholog); genetic disease (ortholog); FOUND IN cytosol (ortholog) | | | | Black Rat | 22 | symbol | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 14387485 | sms-1 | | | | | | Roundworm | | symbol | gene, null |
| 25825180 | sms-2 | | | | | | Roundworm | | symbol | gene, null |
| 598152333 | sms-2 | | | | | | Roundworm | | symbol | gene, null |
| 14387486 | sms-3 | | | | | | Roundworm | | symbol | gene, null |
| 152177569 | sms-5 | | | | | | Roundworm | | symbol | gene, null |
| 155232693 | sms.L | | | | | | African Clawed Frog | | symbol | gene, null |
| 2298745 | Sms-ps | spermine synthase, pseudogene | | X | 61818734 | 61820243 | Mouse | | symbol , PhenoGen , old_gene_symbol | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 7577342 | Sms-ps1 | spermine synthase, pseudogene 1 | | 8 | 114842988 | 114847431 | Rat | | symbol , PhenoGen | gene, pseudo, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 1585184 | Sms-ps2 | spermine synthase, pseudogene 2 | INTERACTS WITH (+)-schisandrin B; tetrachloromethane | 3 | 163403896 | 163405478 | Rat | 3 | symbol , PhenoGen , old_gene_symbol | gene, pseudo, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 1318304 | RAI1 | retinoic acid induced 1 | This gene is located within the Smith-Magenis syndrome region on chromosome 17. It is highly similar to its mouse counterpart and is expressed at high levels mainly in neuronal tissues. The protein encoded by this gene includes a polymorphic polyglutamine tract in the N-terminal domain. Expression o f the mouse counterpart in neurons is induced by retinoic acid. This gene is associated with both the severity of the phenotype and the response to medication in schizophrenic patients. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] | 17 | 17681458 | 17811453 | Human | 398 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 737192 | Sstr1 | somatostatin receptor 1 | Enables somatostatin receptor activity. Acts upstream of or within cellular response to leukemia inhibitory factor; glutamate receptor signaling pathway; and neuropeptide signaling pathway. Located in plasma membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including brain; genitourinary system; gut; re spiratory system; and sensory organ. Orthologous to human SSTR1 (somatostatin receptor 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025] | 12 | 58258524 | 58262822 | Mouse | 123 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 1552204 | Sstr2 | somatostatin receptor 2 | The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for somatostatin, which acts at many sites to inhibit the release of several hormones and other secretory proteins. The encoded protein is a member of the superfamily of receptors having seven transmembrane segments and is involved in many processes, in cluding adenylyl cyclase inhibition, phosphotyrosine phosphatase stimulation, and inhibition of calcium entry and cell growth. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015] | 11 | 113510153 | 113516854 | Mouse | 198 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 1551363 | Sstr3 | somatostatin receptor 3 | Enables signaling receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in neuropeptide signaling pathway. Located in ciliary membrane; neuron projection; and non-motile cilium. Is expressed in several structures, including central nervous system; cochlea; gallbladder; genitourinary system; and gut. O rthologous to human SSTR3 (somatostatin receptor 3). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025] | 15 | 78421214 | 78433565 | Mouse | 127 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 735551 | Sstr4 | somatostatin receptor 4 | Predicted to enable neuropeptide binding activity and somatostatin receptor activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including neuropeptide signaling pathway; positive regulation of arachidonate secretion; and regulation of signal transduction. Predicted to be active in neuron projec tion and plasma membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including genitourinary system; gut; nervous system; respiratory system; and sensory organ. Orthologous to human SSTR4 (somatostatin receptor 4). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2025] | 2 | 148237297 | 148238684 | Mouse | 107 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, PROVISIONAL [RefSeq] |
| 736502 | Sstr5 | somatostatin receptor 5 | Predicted to enable neuropeptide binding activity and somatostatin receptor activity. Acts upstream of or within glucose homeostasis and regulation of insulin secretion. Located in plasma membrane. Is expressed in brain; cochlea; cochlear duct epithelium; cochlear ganglion; and organ of Corti. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in bipolar disorder. Orthologous to human SSTR5 (somatostatin receptor 5). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025] | 17 | 25708849 | 25716262 | Mouse | 99 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 25824857 | SMSP1 | SMS pseudogene 1 | | X | 47717807 | 47719180 | Human | | symbol , COSMIC , name , Human Proteome Map | gene, pseudo, INFERRED [RefSeq] |
| 16559215 | AC026774.2 | spermine synthase (SMS) pseudogene | | | | | Human | | name | gene, processed_pseudogene |
| 16558618 | AC106800.1 | spermine synthase (SMS) pseudogene | | | | | Human | | name | gene, processed_pseudogene |
| 16551967 | AL354714.2 | spermine synthase (SMS) pseudogene | | | | | Human | | name | gene, processed_pseudogene |
| 16555319 | AL583856.1 | spermine synthase (SMS) pseudogene | | | | | Human | | name | gene, processed_pseudogene |
| 14379011 | SMSr | | | | | | Fly | | symbol | gene, null |
| 1559938 | Smsl1 | spermine synthase like 1 | ENCODES a protein that exhibits spermine synthase activity (inferred); transferase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN polyamine biosynthetic process (inferred); polyamine metabolic process (inferred); spermine biosynthetic process (inferred) | 13 | 84968275 | 84969961 | Rat | 10 | symbol , PhenoGen | gene, protein-coding, MODEL [RefSeq] |
| 1315069 | SAMD8 | sterile alpha motif domain containing 8 | Predicted to enable ceramide cholinephosphotransferase activity and sphingomyelin synthase activity. Involved in ceramide biosynthetic process and regulation of ceramide biosynthetic process. Located in cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2025] | 10 | 75099593 | 75182123 | Human | 97 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 1315070 | Samd8 | sterile alpha motif domain containing 8 | Enables ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity. Acts upstream of or within ceramide biosynthetic process and ceramide phosphoethanolamine biosynthetic process. Predicted to be located in cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum. Predicted to be active in Golgi membrane; endoplasmic reticulum membra ne; and plasma membrane. Orthologous to human SAMD8 (sterile alpha motif domain containing 8). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025] | 14 | 21800599 | 21848794 | Mouse | 105 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 1352309 | SGMS1 | sphingomyelin synthase 1 | The protein encoded by this gene is predicted to be a five-pass transmembrane protein. This gene may be predominately expressed in brain. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] | 10 | 50305600 | 50625184 | Human | 180 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1553375 | Sgms1 | sphingomyelin synthase 1 | Enables ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity and sphingomyelin synthase activity. Involved in sphingomyelin biosynthetic process. Acts upstream of or within ceramide biosynthetic process. Predicted to be located in Golgi trans cisterna. Predicted to be active in Golgi membrane; endoplasmic reticulum membrane; and plasma membrane. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; ear; limb; and respiratory system. Orthologous to human SGMS1 (sphingomyelin synthase 1). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025] | 19 | 32100127 | 32367285 | Mouse | 238 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 14026119 | SGMS1 | sphingomyelin synthase 1 | ENCODES a protein that exhibits ceramide cholinephosphotransferase activity (inferred); ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity (inferred); kinase activity (inferred); INVOLVED IN cellular response to lipopolysaccharide (ortholog); cellular response to tumor necrosis factor (ortholog); cerami de biosynthetic process (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN Fabry disease pathway; Gaucher's disease pathway; Krabbe disease pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH pulmonary edema (ortholog); FOUND IN Golgi membrane (inferred); Golgi trans cisterna (inferred); Golgi trans cisterna membrane (inferred) | | | | Pig | 36 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, PROVISIONAL [RefSeq] |
| 1305778 | Sgms2 | sphingomyelin synthase 2 | ENCODES a protein that exhibits ceramide cholinephosphotransferase activity (ortholog); ceramide phosphoethanolamine synthase activity (ortholog); sphingomyelin synthase activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN ceramide biosynthetic process (ortholog); ceramide phosphoethanolamine biosynthetic process (orth olog); regulation of bone mineralization (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN sphingolipid metabolic pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH BCARD syndrome (ortholog); calvarial doughnut lesions with bone fragility (ortholog); Desbuquois dysplasia (ortholog); FOUND IN plasma membrane; Golgi apparatus (ortholog); Golgi membrane (ortholog); INTERACTS WITH (+)-schisandrin B; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine; acetamide | 2 | 222567661 | 222641804 | Rat | 174 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 1331987 | Sgms2 | sphingomyelin synthase 2 | Sphingomyelin, a major component of cell and Golgi membranes, is made by the transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine onto ceramide, with diacylglycerol as a side product. The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes this reaction primarily at the cell membrane. The synthe sis is reversible, and this enzyme can catalyze the reaction in either direction. The encoded protein is required for cell growth. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] | 3 | 131112634 | 131197204 | Mouse | 203 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 1605563 | SGMS2 | sphingomyelin synthase 2 | Sphingomyelin, a major component of cell and Golgi membranes, is made by the transfer of phosphocholine from phosphatidylcholine onto ceramide, with diacylglycerol as a side product. The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme that catalyzes this reaction primarily at the cell membrane. The synthe sis is reversible, and this enzyme can catalyze the reaction in either direction. The encoded protein is required for cell growth. Three transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. There is evidence for more variants, but the full-length nature of their transcripts has not been determined.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008] | 4 | 107824563 | 107915047 | Human | 264 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 3761 | Sst | somatostatin | ENCODES a protein that exhibits identical protein binding (ortholog); receptor ligand activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN hyperosmotic response; response to acidic pH; response to amino acid; PARTICIPATES IN somatostatin signaling pathway; cimetidine pharmacodynamics pathway; esomeprazole pharmacodynam ics pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH gastric ulcer; hypertension; vascular dementia; FOUND IN extracellular space; neuronal cell body; neuronal dense core vesicle; INTERACTS WITH 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine; 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran | 11 | 90461546 | 90462823 | Rat | 201 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 734231 | SST | somatostatin | The hormone somatostatin has active 14 aa and 28 aa forms that are produced by alternate cleavage of the single preproprotein encoded by this gene. Somatostatin is expressed throughout the body and inhibits the release of numerous secondary hormones by binding to high-affinity G-protein-coupled soma tostatin receptors. This hormone is an important regulator of the endocrine system through its interactions with pituitary growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, and most hormones of the gastrointestinal tract. Somatostatin also affects rates of neurotransmission in the central nervous system and proliferation of both normal and tumorigenic cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008] | 3 | 187668912 | 187670394 | Human | 211 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, REVIEWED [RefSeq] |
| 737256 | Sst | somatostatin | Enables receptor ligand activity. Involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane neurotransmitter receptor levels and somatostatin signaling pathway. Acts upstream of or within regulation of cell migration. Located in extracellular space. Is active in GABA-ergic synapse and cytosol. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; genitourinary system; immune system; nervous system; and sensory organ. Orthologous to human SST (somatostatin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025] | 16 | 23708327 | 23710041 | Mouse | 242 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 1320988 | Smtn | smoothelin | Predicted to enable actin binding activity. Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure and positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm and cytoskeleton. Is expressed in alimentary system; bladder wall; limb; and musc ulature. Orthologous to human SMTN (smoothelin). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025] | 11 | 3467522 | 3489337 | Mouse | 156 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 3763 | Sstr2 | somatostatin receptor 2 | ENCODES a protein that exhibits PDZ domain binding; somatostatin receptor activity; protein heterodimerization activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN cellular response to estradiol stimulus; cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus; cerebellum development; ASSOCIATED WITH Brain Injuries; Experimental Diabetes Mellitus; neuroendocrine tumor (ortholog); FOUND IN cytosol (ortholog); G protein-coupled receptor heterodimeric complex (ortholog); membrane (ortholog); INTERACTS WITH (+)-pilocarpine; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine; 6-propyl-2-thiouracil | 10 | 99163353 | 99170519 | Rat | 168 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, PROVISIONAL [RefSeq] |
| 3764 | Sstr4 | somatostatin receptor 4 | ENCODES a protein that exhibits somatostatin receptor activity; INVOLVED IN cell migration; cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus; forebrain development; PARTICIPATES IN cimetidine pharmacodynamics pathway; esomeprazole pharmacodynamics pathway; famotidine pharmacodynamics pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH Brain Injuries; status epilepticus; Glucagonoma (ortholog); FOUND IN membrane (inferred); plasma membrane (inferred); INTERACTS WITH (+)-pilocarpine; 6-propyl-2-thiouracil; acrylamide | 3 | 156307992 | 156309855 | Rat | 95 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, PROVISIONAL [RefSeq] |
| 3765 | Sstr5 | somatostatin receptor 5 | ENCODES a protein that exhibits somatostatin receptor activity; INVOLVED IN adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus; glucose homeostasis (ortholog); PARTICIPATES IN bipolar disorder pathway; ASSOCIATED WITH Experimental Diabetes Mellitus; bipolar disorder (ortholog); status epilepticus (ortholog); FOUND IN plasma membrane (ortholog); INTERACTS WITH (+)-pilocarpine; ammonium chloride; bisphenol A | 10 | 15010209 | 15017469 | Rat | 79 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, VALIDATED [RefSeq] |
| 620308 | Sstr3 | somatostatin receptor 3 | ENCODES a protein that exhibits signaling receptor binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN cellular response to estradiol stimulus; cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus; cerebellum development; ASSOCIATED WITH Brain Injuries; Experimental Diabetes Mellitus; neuroendocrine tumor (ortholog); FOUND IN 9+0 non-motile cilium (ortholog); ciliary membrane (ortholog); cilium (ortholog); INTERACTS WITH (+)-pilocarpine; 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate; 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine | 7 | 111973049 | 111980250 | Rat | 126 | old_gene_symbol | gene, protein-coding, PROVISIONAL [RefSeq] |