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CROSS-SPECIES ANATOMY - ANNOTATIONS

The Basic subset of the UBERON integrated, cross-species anatomy ontology is downloaded weekly from http://berkeleybop.org/ontologies/uberon/basic.obo. For more information about this ontology see the "About" page on the UBERON website at http://uberon.github.io/about.html.
Term:fovea centralis
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Accession:UBERON:0001786 term browser browse the term
Definition:A depression in the inner retinal surface within the macula lutea, the photoreceptor layer of which is entirely cones and which is specialized for maximum visual acuity.
Comment:[function-note] "high acuity vision"; [homology-note] "Definition of fovea centralis should be considered here as 'an area centralis at the visual axis' (reference 1). There is an uncertaincy of the relation, because: 1.-The fovea first appeared in evolution in the temporal retina of fishes. Then, in birds, the nasal fovea and bifoveal system with nasal and temporal foveas developed. The fovea disappeared in primitive mammals, and reappeared in primates. A residue of the fovea is conserved in the visual streak, and the disappearance and reappearance of the fovea, in primitive mammals and primates respectively, correlates with degeneration and restoration of cone pigment genes in photoreceptors (reference 2). 2.-Many retinal features (foveas, trichromacy, midget pathways and associated cell types) appear specific to primates. This has led to investigations in parallel with other mammalian models such as cat or rabbit. Correlation of the results often proves to be difficult, since an evolutionary scenario with transitions between the mammalian models is largely lacking (reference 3).[uncertain][VHOG]" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-17", external_class="VHOG:0001572", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1017/S095252380623342X Ahnelt PK, Schubert C, Kübber-Heiss A, Schiviz A, Anger E, Independent variation of retinal S and M cone photoreceptor topographies: A survey of four families of mammals. Visual neuroscience (2006), http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11193946 Azuma N, Molecular cell biology on morphogenesis of the fovea and evolution of the central vision. Nihon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi (2000), DOI:10.1016/S1350-9462(00)00012-4 Ahnelt PK, Kolb H, The mammalian photoreceptor mosaic-adaptive design. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2000)", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}; [taxon-note] "The fovea is also a pit in the surface of the retinas of many types of fish, reptiles, and birds. Among mammals, it is found only in simian primates. The retinal fovea takes slightly different forms in different types of animals. For example, in primates, cone photoreceptors line the base of the foveal pit, the cells that elsewhere in the retina form more superficial layers having been displaced away from the foveal region during late fetal and early postnatal life. Other foveae may show only a reduced thickness in the inner cell layers, rather than an almost complete absence"
Synonyms:exact_synonym: centre of macula;   fovea;   fovea centralis in macula
 related_synonym: centre of fovea
 xref: CALOHA:TS-2055;   EMAPA:37589;   EV:0100350;   FMA:58658;   GAID:910;   MA:0001307;   MESH:D005584;   NCI:C26463;   SCTID:264479005;   UMLS:C0016622;   UMLS:C0450290;   VHOG:0001572;   Wikipedia:Fovea_centralis_in_macula;   birnlex:2543
 relational_adjective: foveal

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Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  UBERON ontology 0
    anatomical entity 0
      material anatomical entity 0
        anatomical structure 0
          ectoderm-derived structure 0
            fovea centralis 0
              clivus of fovea centralis 0
              foveola of retina 0
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  UBERON ontology 0
    anatomical entity 0
      material anatomical entity 0
        anatomical structure 0
          multicellular anatomical structure 0
            multicellular organism 0
              embryo 0
                embryonic structure 0
                  epiblast (generic) 0
                    germ layer / neural crest 0
                      germ layer 0
                        ectoderm 0
                          ectoderm-derived structure 0
                            neurectoderm 0
                              presumptive neural plate 0
                                neural plate 0
                                  pre-chordal neural plate 0
                                    eye primordium 0
                                      immature eye 0
                                        optic vesicle 0
                                          optic cup 0
                                            camera-type eye 0
                                              eyeball of camera-type eye 0
                                                posterior segment of eyeball 0
                                                  retina 0
                                                    macula lutea 0
                                                      fovea centralis 0
                                                        clivus of fovea centralis 0
                                                        foveola of retina 0
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