RGD Reference Report - Activation of RAS family genes in urothelial carcinoma. - Rat Genome Database

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Activation of RAS family genes in urothelial carcinoma.

Authors: Boulalas, I  Zaravinos, A  Karyotis, I  Delakas, D  Spandidos, DA 
Citation: Boulalas I, etal., J Urol. 2009 May;181(5):2312-9. Epub 2009 Mar 19.
RGD ID: 2314836
Pubmed: PMID:19303097   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2009.01.011   (Journal Full-text)

PURPOSE: Bladder cancer is the fifth most common malignancy in men in Western society. We determined RAS codon 12 and 13 point mutations and evaluated mRNA expression levels in transitional cell carcinoma cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples from 30 human bladder cancers and 30 normal tissues were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing to determine the occurrence of mutations in codons 12 and 13 of RAS family genes. Moreover, we used real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression profile of RAS genes in bladder cancer specimens compared to that in adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS: Overall H-RAS mutations in codon 12 were observed in 9 tumor samples (30%). Two of the 9 patients (22%) had invasive bladder cancer and 7 (77%) had noninvasive bladder cancer. One H-RAS mutation (11%) was homozygous and the remaining 89% were heterozygous. All samples were WT for K and N-RAS oncogenes. Moreover, 23 of 30 samples (77%) showed over expression in at least 1 RAS family gene compared to adjacent normal tissue. K and N-RAS had the highest levels of over expression in bladder cancer specimens (50%), whereas 27% of transitional cell carcinomas demonstrated H-RAS over expression relative to paired normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Our results underline the importance of H-RAS activation in human bladder cancer by codon 12 mutations. Moreover, they provide evidence that increased expression of all 3 RAS genes is a common event in bladder cancer that is associated with disease development.

RGD Manual Disease Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
transitional cell carcinoma  IAGP 2314836DNA more ...RGD 
transitional cell carcinoma  ISOHRAS (Homo sapiens)2314836; 2314836DNA more ...RGD 
transitional cell carcinoma  IEP 2314836; 2314836mRNA:increased expression:urinary bladderRGD 
transitional cell carcinoma  ISOKRAS (Homo sapiens)2314836; 2314836mRNA:increased expression:urinary bladderRGD 
transitional cell carcinoma  ISONRAS (Homo sapiens)2314836; 2314836mRNA:increased expression:urinary bladderRGD 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Hras  (HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase)
Kras  (KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase)
Nras  (NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Hras  (Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene)
Kras  (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)
Nras  (neuroblastoma ras oncogene)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
HRAS  (HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase)
KRAS  (KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase)
NRAS  (NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase)


Additional Information