RGD Reference Report - Investigation of the molecular mechanisms preceding PDE4 inhibitor-induced vasculopathy in rats: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, a potential predictive biomarker.

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Investigation of the molecular mechanisms preceding PDE4 inhibitor-induced vasculopathy in rats: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, a potential predictive biomarker.
Authors:	Dagues, N Pawlowski, V Sobry, C Hanton, G Borde, F Soler, S Freslon, JL Chevalier, S
Citation:	Dagues N, etal., Toxicol Sci. 2007 Nov;100(1):238-47. Epub 2007 Jun 14.
RGD ID:	2290353
Pubmed:	PMID:17569694 (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI:	DOI:10.1093/toxsci/kfm161 (Journal Full-text)
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors are a class of drugs that can provide novel therapies for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Their development is frequently hampered by the induction of vascular toxicity in rat mesenteric tissue during preclinical studies. Whereas these vascular lesions in rats have been well characterized histologically, little is known about their pathogenesis and in turn, sensitive and specific biomarkers for preclinical and clinical monitoring do not exist. In order to investigate the early molecular mechanisms underlying vascular injury, time-course studies were performed by treating rats for 2-24 h with high doses of the PDE4 inhibitor CI-1044. Transcriptomics analyses in mesenteric tissue were performed using oligonucleotide microarray and real-time RT-PCR technologies and compared to histopathological observations. In addition, protein measurements were performed in serum samples to identify soluble biomarkers of vascular injury. Our results indicate that molecular alterations preceded the histological observations of inflammatory and necrotic lesions in mesenteric arteries. Some gene expression changes suggest that the development of the lesions could follow a primary modulation of the vascular tone in response to the pharmacological effect of the compound. Activation of genes coding for pro- and antioxidant enzymes, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) indicates that biomechanical stimuli may contribute to vascular oxidant stress, inflammation, and tissue remodeling. TIMP-1 appeared to be an early and sensitive predictive biomarker of the inflammatory and the tissue remodeling components of PDE4 inhibitor-induced vascular injury.

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Term	Qualifier	Evidence	With	Reference	Notes	Source	Original Reference(s)
vascular disease		ISO	Timp1 (Rattus norvegicus)	2290353; 2290353		RGD
vascular disease		IEP		2290353		RGD

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)

Timp1 (TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1)

Genes (Mus musculus)

Timp1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1)

Genes (Homo sapiens)

TIMP1 (TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1)

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Investigation of the molecular mechanisms preceding PDE4 inhibitor-induced vasculopathy in rats: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, a potential predictive biomarker.