Glul (glutamate-ammonia ligase) - Rat Genome Database

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Gene: Glul (glutamate-ammonia ligase) Mus musculus
Analyze
Symbol: Glul
Name: glutamate-ammonia ligase (Ensembl:glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase))
RGD ID: 736181
MGI Page MGI
Description: Predicted to enable several functions, including anion binding activity; dynein light chain binding activity; and metal ion binding activity. Involved in regulation of endothelial cell migration and regulation of sprouting angiogenesis. Acts upstream of or within cellular response to starvation and response to glucose. Located in cell body; cytoplasm; and glial cell projection. Is expressed in several structures, including alimentary system; central nervous system; respiratory system; sensory organ; and urinary system. Used to study temporal lobe epilepsy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Alzheimer's disease; Huntington's disease; heart disease; and temporal lobe epilepsy. Orthologous to human GLUL (glutamate-ammonia ligase).
Type: protein-coding
RefSeq Status: VALIDATED
Previously known as: G; Glns; glutamate decarboxylase; glutamate--ammonia ligase; glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthase); glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase); glutamine synthetase; GS; palmitoyltransferase GLUL
RGD Orthologs
Human
Rat
Chinchilla
Bonobo
Dog
Squirrel
Pig
Green Monkey
Naked Mole-Rat
Alliance Genes
More Info more info ...
Related Pseudogenes: Glns-ps1   Gm18975   Gm4949   Gm8642  
Latest Assembly: GRCm39 - Mouse Genome Assembly GRCm39
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCm391153,775,692 - 153,785,469 (+)NCBIGRCm39GRCm39mm39
GRCm39 Ensembl1153,775,690 - 153,785,469 (+)EnsemblGRCm39 Ensembl
GRCm381153,899,929 - 153,909,723 (+)NCBIGRCm38GRCm38mm10GRCm38
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl1153,899,944 - 153,909,723 (+)EnsemblGRCm38mm10GRCm38
MGSCv371155,747,075 - 155,756,844 (+)NCBIGRCm37MGSCv37mm9NCBIm37
MGSCv361155,662,163 - 155,671,932 (+)NCBIMGSCv36mm8
Celera1156,333,065 - 156,342,886 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map1G3NCBI
cM Map165.43NCBI
JBrowse: View Region in Genome Browser (JBrowse)
Model


Gene-Chemical Interaction Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
(+)-pilocarpine  (ISO)
(+)-schisandrin B  (ISO)
(+)-taxifolin  (ISO)
(1->4)-beta-D-glucan  (EXP)
1,1-dichloroethene  (EXP)
1,2-dimethylhydrazine  (EXP)
17alpha-ethynylestradiol  (EXP,ISO)
17beta-estradiol  (ISO)
17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one  (ISO)
17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one  (ISO)
2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl  (ISO)
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether  (ISO)
2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzodioxine  (EXP)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine  (EXP,ISO)
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran  (ISO)
2,4-dibromophenyl 2,4,5-tribromophenyl ether  (EXP)
2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene  (ISO)
2-chloroethanol  (ISO)
2-hydroxypropanoic acid  (ISO)
3-chloropropane-1,2-diol  (ISO)
3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine  (ISO)
3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione  (ISO)
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane  (EXP)
4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol  (ISO)
4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide  (EXP)
6-propyl-2-thiouracil  (ISO)
9-cis-retinoic acid  (ISO)
acetazolamide  (EXP)
acrolein  (ISO)
acrylamide  (ISO)
aflatoxin B1  (ISO)
agathisflavone  (ISO)
aldehydo-D-glucose  (ISO)
all-trans-4-oxoretinoic acid  (ISO)
all-trans-retinoic acid  (ISO)
allopurinol  (ISO)
alpha-pinene  (ISO)
ammonia  (EXP,ISO)
ammonium chloride  (ISO)
amphotericin B  (ISO)
antirheumatic drug  (ISO)
aristolochic acid A  (ISO)
Aroclor 1254  (EXP)
arsenous acid  (ISO)
astragaloside IV  (ISO)
atrazine  (ISO)
avobenzone  (ISO)
bacitracin  (ISO)
benzene  (ISO)
benzo[a]pyrene  (EXP,ISO)
benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide I  (ISO)
beta-naphthoflavone  (ISO)
bisphenol A  (EXP,ISO)
Bisphenol B  (ISO)
bisphenol F  (ISO)
buta-1,3-diene  (EXP)
cadmium atom  (ISO)
cadmium dichloride  (ISO)
calcidiol  (ISO)
calcitriol  (ISO)
captan  (EXP)
carbamazepine  (EXP)
carbon nanotube  (EXP)
CGP 52608  (ISO)
chlordecone  (EXP)
chloroprene  (EXP)
chloroquine  (ISO)
choline  (EXP)
chromium(6+)  (EXP)
ciguatoxin CTX1B  (EXP)
clobetasol  (EXP)
clofibrate  (EXP)
clozapine  (ISO)
copper atom  (EXP,ISO)
copper(0)  (EXP,ISO)
corticosterone  (ISO)
cortisone  (ISO)
crocidolite asbestos  (EXP)
Cuprizon  (ISO)
cyclosporin A  (EXP,ISO)
cypermethrin  (EXP)
D-glucose  (ISO)
decabromodiphenyl ether  (ISO)
dexamethasone  (EXP,ISO)
diarsenic trioxide  (ISO)
diethyl maleate  (EXP)
diethylstilbestrol  (ISO)
dioxygen  (ISO)
diuron  (ISO)
dorsomorphin  (ISO)
doxorubicin  (ISO)
endosulfan  (ISO)
enzyme inhibitor  (ISO)
Erionite  (EXP)
ethanol  (EXP,ISO)
excitatory amino acid agonist  (ISO)
felbamate  (EXP)
fentin chloride  (ISO)
fenvalerate  (ISO)
flutamide  (ISO)
folic acid  (EXP)
folpet  (EXP)
formaldehyde  (ISO)
fructose  (ISO)
fumonisin B1  (EXP)
gamma-aminobutyric acid  (ISO)
gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane  (ISO)
genistein  (ISO)
glucose  (ISO)
glufosinate  (EXP)
guanosine  (EXP)
haloperidol  (ISO)
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene  (ISO)
hydrogen chloride  (EXP)
hydrogen cyanide  (EXP)
hydroquinone  (ISO)
indometacin  (ISO)
iron dichloride  (ISO)
isoprenaline  (EXP)
isotretinoin  (ISO)
ivermectin  (ISO)
kainic acid  (ISO)
ketamine  (EXP,ISO)
L-methionine  (EXP)
lead diacetate  (EXP,ISO)
lead(0)  (ISO)
leflunomide  (ISO)
lipopolysaccharide  (EXP)
manganese atom  (ISO)
manganese(0)  (ISO)
manganese(II) chloride  (ISO)
manganese(II) sulfate  (ISO)
methidathion  (EXP)
methionine sulfoximine  (ISO)
methoxyacetic acid  (ISO)
methoxychlor  (ISO)
methylisothiazolinone  (ISO)
methylmercury chloride  (ISO)
miconazole  (EXP)
mitoxantrone  (ISO)
N-nitrosodiethylamine  (ISO)
N-nitrosomorpholine  (ISO)
nefazodone  (ISO)
nevirapine  (ISO)
nickel atom  (ISO)
nickel sulfate  (ISO)
nimesulide  (ISO)
nitrofen  (ISO)
Nor-9-carboxy-delta9-THC  (ISO)
O-methyleugenol  (ISO)
ochratoxin A  (ISO)
oridonin  (ISO)
ozone  (ISO)
paracetamol  (EXP,ISO)
paraquat  (ISO)
PCB138  (ISO)
perfluorononanoic acid  (ISO)
perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid  (EXP,ISO)
perfluorooctanoic acid  (EXP,ISO)
phenobarbital  (EXP,ISO)
phenytoin  (EXP)
PhIP  (ISO)
piperonyl butoxide  (ISO)
pirinixic acid  (EXP)
potassium cyanide  (EXP)
potassium dichromate  (ISO)
pregnenolone 16alpha-carbonitrile  (ISO)
progesterone  (ISO)
promegestone  (ISO)
propiconazole  (EXP)
Propiverine  (ISO)
quercetin  (ISO)
rac-lactic acid  (ISO)
raloxifene  (ISO)
reactive oxygen species  (ISO)
resveratrol  (ISO)
Riluzole  (ISO)
rotenone  (ISO)
sarin  (ISO)
SB 203580  (ISO)
SB 431542  (ISO)
silicon dioxide  (ISO)
sodium arsenate  (EXP,ISO)
sodium arsenite  (EXP,ISO)
sodium dichromate  (ISO)
Soman  (ISO)
sotorasib  (ISO)
streptozocin  (ISO)
sunitinib  (ISO)
tamoxifen  (EXP)
tetrachloromethane  (EXP,ISO)
thapsigargin  (ISO)
thioacetamide  (ISO)
titanium dioxide  (EXP)
toluene  (ISO)
topiramate  (EXP)
trametinib  (ISO)
tremolite asbestos  (EXP)
trichloroethene  (ISO)
trichostatin A  (EXP,ISO)
triphenyl phosphate  (ISO)
triptonide  (EXP)
troglitazone  (ISO)
uranium atom  (ISO)
urea  (EXP)
urethane  (ISO)
valdecoxib  (ISO)
valproic acid  (EXP,ISO)
vancomycin  (EXP,ISO)
vinclozolin  (ISO)
zinc atom  (ISO)
zinc protoporphyrin  (ISO)
zinc sulfate  (ISO)
zinc(0)  (ISO)

Gene Ontology Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Cellular Component

Phenotype Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
References

References - curated
# Reference Title Reference Citation
1. Severity of middle cerebral artery occlusion determines retinal deficits in rats. Allen RS, etal., Exp Neurol. 2014 Apr;254:206-15. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.005. Epub 2014 Feb 8.
2. Progesterone treatment in two rat models of ocular ischemia. Allen RS, etal., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015 May;56(5):2880-91. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-16070.
3. Aqueous humor oxidative stress proteomic levels in primary open angle glaucoma. Bagnis A, etal., Exp Eye Res. 2012 Oct;103:55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.07.011. Epub 2012 Aug 21.
4. Validation of a Congestive Hepatic Fibrosis Scoring System. Bosch DE, etal., Am J Surg Pathol. 2019 Jun;43(6):766-772. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001250.
5. Reduced GABA transaminase activity in the Huntington's disease putamen. Carter CJ Neurosci Lett. 1984 Aug 10;48(3):339-42.
6. Proteomic identification of oxidatively modified proteins in Alzheimer's disease brain. Part I: creatine kinase BB, glutamine synthase, and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L-1. Castegna A, etal., Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Aug 15;33(4):562-71.
7. Glutamine synthetase from rat liver. Purification, properties, and preparation of specific antisera. Deuel TF, etal., J Biol Chem. 1978 Sep 10;253(17):6111-8.
8. Recurrent seizures and brain pathology after inhibition of glutamine synthetase in the hippocampus in rats. Eid T, etal., Brain. 2008 Aug;131(Pt 8):2061-70. Epub 2008 Jul 6.
9. Loss of glutamine synthetase in the human epileptogenic hippocampus: possible mechanism for raised extracellular glutamate in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Eid T, etal., Lancet. 2004 Jan 3;363(9402):28-37.
10. Prevention of Cyclophilin D-Mediated mPTP Opening Using Cyclosporine-A Alleviates the Elevation of Necroptosis, Autophagy and Apoptosis-Related Markers Following Global Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion. Fakharnia F, etal., J Mol Neurosci. 2017 Jan;61(1):52-60. doi: 10.1007/s12031-016-0843-3. Epub 2016 Sep 23.
11. Ischemic conditioning protects from axoglial alterations of the optic pathway induced by experimental diabetes in rats. Fernandez DC, etal., PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51966. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051966. Epub 2012 Dec 20.
12. Glutamine synthetase expression in activated hepatocyte progenitor cells and loss of hepatocellular expression in congestion and cirrhosis. Fleming KE and Wanless IR, Liver Int. 2013 Apr;33(4):525-34. doi: 10.1111/liv.12099. Epub 2013 Jan 31.
13. Quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase in human and rat brain: activity in Huntington's disease and in quinolinate-lesioned rat striatum. Foster AC, etal., Brain Res. 1985 Jun 17;336(2):207-14.
14. Erythropoietin exerts a neuroprotective function against glutamate neurotoxicity in experimental diabetic retina. Gu L, etal., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 Oct 21;55(12):8208-22. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14435.
15. Nodular Regenerative Hyperplasia: Expression Pattern of Glutamine Synthetase and a Potential Role for Hepatic Progenitor Cells. Guilbert MC, etal., Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2020 Mar;28(3):243-248. doi: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000793.
16. Detection of glutamine synthetase in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer diseased patients: a potential diagnostic biochemical marker. Gunnersen D and Haley B, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Dec 15;89(24):11949-53.
17. Muscle amino acid pattern in obese rats. Herrero MC, etal., Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997 Aug;21(8):698-703.
18. Electronic Transfer of Homolog Data MGD and Homologene mouse data transfer
19. MGDs mouse GO annotations MGD data from the GO Consortium
20. Integrated analysis of protein composition, tissue diversity, and gene regulation in mouse mitochondria. Mootha VK, etal., Cell 2003 Nov 26;115(5):629-40.
21. Glutamate decarboxylase and GABA aminotransferase levels in different regions of rat brain on the onset of Leptazol induced convulsions. Nasreen Z, etal., Neurochem Res. 2012 Jan;37(1):202-4. doi: 10.1007/s11064-011-0603-2. Epub 2011 Sep 21.
22. Prospective Association of GLUL rs10911021 With Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: The Look AHEAD Study. NO_AUTHOR Diabetes. 2016 Jan;65(1):297-302. doi: 10.2337/db15-0890. Epub 2015 Sep 22.
23. OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline
24. Perflubron emulsion in prolonged hemorrhagic shock: influence on hepatocellular energy metabolism and oxygen-dependent gene expression. Paxian M, etal., Anesthesiology. 2003 Jun;98(6):1391-9. doi: 10.1097/00000542-200306000-00014.
25. KEGG Annotation Import Pipeline Pipeline to import KEGG annotations from KEGG into RGD
26. SMPDB Annotation Import Pipeline Pipeline to import SMPDB annotations from SMPDB into RGD
27. L-NAME combats excitotoxicity and recuperates neurological deficits in MCAO/R rats. Pramila B, etal., Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2015 Aug;135:246-53. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.06.006. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
28. Fgfr3 expression by astrocytes and their precursors: evidence that astrocytes and oligodendrocytes originate in distinct neuroepithelial domains. Pringle NP, etal., Development 2003 Jan;130(1):93-102.
29. Association between a genetic variant related to glutamic acid metabolism and coronary heart disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Qi L, etal., JAMA. 2013 Aug 28;310(8):821-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.276305.
30. Mouse MP Annotation Import Pipeline RGD automated import pipeline
31. ClinVar Automated Import and Annotation Pipeline RGD automated import pipeline for ClinVar variants, variant-to-disease annotations and gene-to-disease annotations
32. Data Import for Chemical-Gene Interactions RGD automated import pipeline for gene-chemical interactions
33. An analysis of the cortical and striatal involvement in dyskinesia induced in rats by intracerebral injection of GABA-transaminase inhibitors and picrotoxin. Robin MM, etal., Eur J Pharmacol. 1980 Apr 4;62(4):319-27.
34. Protective effect of grape seed and skin extract on cerebral ischemia in rat: implication of transition metals. Safwen K, etal., Int J Stroke. 2015 Apr;10(3):415-24. doi: 10.1111/ijs.12391. Epub 2014 Nov 3.
35. Purification and comparison of glutamine synthetase from rat and chick livers. Seyama S, etal., J Biochem. 1972 Oct;72(4):1017-27.
36. Effect of pigment epithelium derived factor on the expression of glutamine synthetase in early phase of experimental diabetic retinopathy. Shen X, etal., Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2011 Aug;19(4):246-54. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2011.580073.
37. Glutamine synthetase in human carotid plaque macrophages associates with features of plaque vulnerability: An immunohistological study. Sorto P, etal., Atherosclerosis. 2022 Jul;352:18-26. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.05.008. Epub 2022 May 18.
38. Cortical expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase is decreased in schizophrenia. Steffek AE, etal., Schizophr Res. 2008 Aug;103(1-3):71-82. Epub 2008 Jun 17.
39. Total oligomeric flavonoids of Cyperus rotundus ameliorates neurological deficits, excitotoxicity and behavioral alterations induced by cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury in rats. Sunil AG, etal., Brain Res Bull. 2011 Apr 5;84(6):394-405. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.01.008. Epub 2011 Jan 25.
40. Rat liver glutamine synthetase. Preparation, properties, and mechanism of inhibition by carbamyl phosphate. Tate SS, etal., J Biol Chem. 1972 Sep 10;247(17):5312-21.
41. Object-based analysis of astroglial reaction and astrocyte subtype morphology after ischemic brain injury. Wagner DC, etal., Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2013;73(1):79-87.
42. Neuroprotective effect of transcorneal electrical stimulation on ischemic damage in the rat retina. Wang X, etal., Exp Eye Res. 2011 Nov;93(5):753-60. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.09.022. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
43. Protective Effect of Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitory Protein on Diabetic Retinal Neurodegeneration through P38-MAPK Pathway. Wu C, etal., Curr Eye Res. 2022 Jan;47(1):135-142. doi: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1944644. Epub 2021 Jul 26.
44. Resveratrol Prevents Retinal Dysfunction by Regulating Glutamate Transporters, Glutamine Synthetase Expression and Activity in Diabetic Retina. Zeng K, etal., Neurochem Res. 2016 May;41(5):1050-64. doi: 10.1007/s11064-015-1793-9. Epub 2015 Dec 16.
45. Neuroprotective effects of ischemic postconditioning on global brain ischemia in rats through upregulation of hippocampal glutamine synthetase. Zhang W, etal., J Clin Neurosci. 2011 May;18(5):685-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.08.027. Epub 2011 Mar 2.
46. Chronic lead exposure enhances the sympathoexcitatory response associated with P2X4 receptor in rat stellate ganglia. Zhu G, etal., Environ Toxicol. 2018 Jun;33(6):631-639. doi: 10.1002/tox.22547. Epub 2018 Feb 19.
Additional References at PubMed
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PMID:12466851   PMID:12477932   PMID:12520002   PMID:12533605   PMID:12652657   PMID:12702772   PMID:12819187   PMID:12842915   PMID:12904583   PMID:12923239   PMID:14681479   PMID:14998930  
PMID:15198674   PMID:15226823   PMID:15246211   PMID:15363391   PMID:15649454   PMID:15905411   PMID:15930147   PMID:15964665   PMID:16026391   PMID:16141072   PMID:16141073   PMID:16182522  
PMID:16323283   PMID:16343477   PMID:16414032   PMID:16514356   PMID:16602821   PMID:16609703   PMID:16672052   PMID:16879168   PMID:17044933   PMID:17084361   PMID:17197094   PMID:17251443  
PMID:17256722   PMID:17344230   PMID:17557305   PMID:17634366   PMID:17854388   PMID:18198336   PMID:18270576   PMID:18279309   PMID:18614564   PMID:18626943   PMID:18719084   PMID:18776950  
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PMID:23895693   PMID:23932931   PMID:23990215   PMID:24059854   PMID:24154525   PMID:24257626   PMID:24449835   PMID:24453340   PMID:24952961   PMID:25074987   PMID:25128847   PMID:25151262  
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PMID:30982771   PMID:31002540   PMID:31065682   PMID:31116973   PMID:31155355   PMID:31220272   PMID:31493975   PMID:31665640   PMID:31844148   PMID:31949107   PMID:32071286   PMID:32106289  
PMID:32150249   PMID:32291340   PMID:32579270   PMID:32907467   PMID:32982660   PMID:33116312   PMID:33500475   PMID:33632817   PMID:33632818   PMID:34061953   PMID:34396578   PMID:34433966  
PMID:34615523   PMID:34677125   PMID:34974536   PMID:35032459   PMID:35050341   PMID:35533255   PMID:35858542   PMID:36051444   PMID:36256480   PMID:36293380   PMID:36417873   PMID:36656901  
PMID:36916004   PMID:37453365   PMID:37812701   PMID:38089586   PMID:38159478   PMID:38579670  


Genomics

Comparative Map Data
Glul
(Mus musculus - house mouse)
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCm391153,775,692 - 153,785,469 (+)NCBIGRCm39GRCm39mm39
GRCm39 Ensembl1153,775,690 - 153,785,469 (+)EnsemblGRCm39 Ensembl
GRCm381153,899,929 - 153,909,723 (+)NCBIGRCm38GRCm38mm10GRCm38
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl1153,899,944 - 153,909,723 (+)EnsemblGRCm38mm10GRCm38
MGSCv371155,747,075 - 155,756,844 (+)NCBIGRCm37MGSCv37mm9NCBIm37
MGSCv361155,662,163 - 155,671,932 (+)NCBIMGSCv36mm8
Celera1156,333,065 - 156,342,886 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map1G3NCBI
cM Map165.43NCBI
GLUL
(Homo sapiens - human)
Human AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCh381182,378,098 - 182,391,790 (-)NCBIGRCh38GRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh38.p14 Ensembl1182,378,098 - 182,392,206 (-)EnsemblGRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh371182,347,233 - 182,360,925 (-)NCBIGRCh37GRCh37hg19GRCh37
Build 361180,618,292 - 180,627,573 (-)NCBINCBI36Build 36hg18NCBI36
Build 341179,083,688 - 179,092,561NCBI
Celera1155,461,927 - 155,472,429 (-)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map1q25.3NCBI
HuRef1153,587,169 - 153,597,671 (-)NCBIHuRef
CHM1_11183,773,938 - 183,784,435 (-)NCBICHM1_1
T2T-CHM13v2.01181,737,671 - 181,751,363 (-)NCBIT2T-CHM13v2.0
Glul
(Rattus norvegicus - Norway rat)
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCr81368,519,500 - 68,585,554 (+)NCBIGRCr8
mRatBN7.21365,969,053 - 66,035,121 (+)NCBImRatBN7.2mRatBN7.2
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl1366,025,630 - 66,035,108 (+)EnsemblmRatBN7.2 Ensembl
UTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx1368,570,130 - 68,636,818 (+)NCBIRnor_SHRUTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx
UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.01369,860,229 - 69,925,952 (+)NCBIRnor_SHRSPUTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0
UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.01367,117,264 - 67,182,892 (+)NCBIRnor_WKYUTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0
Rnor_6.01371,331,052 - 71,340,207 (+)NCBIRnor6.0Rnor_6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl1371,331,052 - 71,340,229 (+)EnsemblRnor6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_5.01376,294,471 - 76,303,626 (+)NCBIRnor5.0Rnor_5.0rn5Rnor5.0
RGSC_v3.11232,761,556 - 32,788,230 (+)NCBI
Celera1365,922,875 - 65,932,149 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map13q21NCBI
Glul
(Chinchilla lanigera - long-tailed chinchilla)
Chinchilla AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
ChiLan1.0 EnsemblNW_00495540621,266,383 - 21,275,309 (-)EnsemblChiLan1.0
ChiLan1.0NW_00495540621,266,383 - 21,274,546 (-)NCBIChiLan1.0ChiLan1.0
GLUL
(Pan paniscus - bonobo/pygmy chimpanzee)
Bonobo AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
NHGRI_mPanPan1-v2167,356,866 - 67,365,787 (+)NCBINHGRI_mPanPan1-v2
NHGRI_mPanPan1167,039,838 - 67,049,341 (+)NCBINHGRI_mPanPan1
Mhudiblu_PPA_v01157,882,258 - 157,891,562 (-)NCBIMhudiblu_PPA_v0Mhudiblu_PPA_v0panPan3
PanPan1.11161,534,106 - 161,543,411 (-)NCBIpanpan1.1PanPan1.1panPan2
PanPan1.1 Ensembl1161,534,106 - 161,543,411 (-)Ensemblpanpan1.1panPan2
GLUL
(Canis lupus familiaris - dog)
Dog AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
CanFam3.1715,730,898 - 15,740,241 (-)NCBICanFam3.1CanFam3.1canFam3CanFam3.1
CanFam3.1 Ensembl715,730,898 - 15,740,241 (-)EnsemblCanFam3.1canFam3CanFam3.1
Dog10K_Boxer_Tasha715,314,979 - 15,324,324 (-)NCBIDog10K_Boxer_Tasha
ROS_Cfam_1.0715,461,328 - 15,470,693 (-)NCBIROS_Cfam_1.0
ROS_Cfam_1.0 Ensembl715,461,336 - 15,470,695 (-)EnsemblROS_Cfam_1.0 Ensembl
UMICH_Zoey_3.1715,369,339 - 15,378,686 (-)NCBIUMICH_Zoey_3.1
UNSW_CanFamBas_1.0715,477,997 - 15,487,355 (-)NCBIUNSW_CanFamBas_1.0
UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0715,609,290 - 15,618,655 (-)NCBIUU_Cfam_GSD_1.0
Glul
(Ictidomys tridecemlineatus - thirteen-lined ground squirrel)
Squirrel AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
HiC_Itri_2NW_02440934489,446,520 - 89,455,988 (+)NCBIHiC_Itri_2
SpeTri2.0 EnsemblNW_0049364817,293,091 - 7,306,202 (+)EnsemblSpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0 Ensembl
SpeTri2.0NW_0049364817,293,301 - 7,301,416 (+)NCBISpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0
GLUL
(Sus scrofa - pig)
Pig AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
Sscrofa11.1 Ensembl9123,751,548 - 123,762,547 (-)EnsemblSscrofa11.1susScr11Sscrofa11.1
Sscrofa11.19123,751,551 - 123,762,575 (-)NCBISscrofa11.1Sscrofa11.1susScr11Sscrofa11.1
Sscrofa10.29135,909,152 - 135,909,595 (-)NCBISscrofa10.2Sscrofa10.2susScr3
Sscrofa10.29135,960,436 - 135,968,442 (-)NCBISscrofa10.2Sscrofa10.2susScr3
GLUL
(Chlorocebus sabaeus - green monkey)
Green Monkey AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
ChlSab1.12546,988,853 - 46,998,112 (+)NCBIChlSab1.1ChlSab1.1chlSab2
ChlSab1.1 Ensembl2546,989,205 - 47,000,555 (+)EnsemblChlSab1.1ChlSab1.1 EnsemblchlSab2
Vero_WHO_p1.0NW_02366605548,207,460 - 48,216,850 (+)NCBIVero_WHO_p1.0Vero_WHO_p1.0
Glul
(Heterocephalus glaber - naked mole-rat)
Naked Mole-Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
HetGla 1.0NW_0046247712,608,779 - 2,618,130 (-)NCBIHetGla_female_1.0HetGla 1.0hetGla2

Variants

.
Variants in Glul
408 total Variants
miRNA Target Status

Predicted Target Of
Summary Value
Count of predictions:1100
Count of miRNA genes:584
Interacting mature miRNAs:701
Transcripts:ENSMUST00000086199, ENSMUST00000139476, ENSMUST00000140685, ENSMUST00000153134, ENSMUST00000154576
Prediction methods:Miranda, Rnahybrid
Result types:miRGate_prediction

The detailed report is available here: Full Report CSV TAB Printer

miRNA Target Status data imported from miRGate (http://mirgate.bioinfo.cnio.es/).
For more information about miRGate, see PMID:25858286 or access the full paper here.


QTLs in Region (GRCm39)
The following QTLs overlap with this region.    Full Report CSV TAB Printer Gviewer
RGD IDSymbolNameLODP ValueTraitSub TraitChrStartStopSpecies
13824984Twq5_mtestis weight QTL 5 (mouse)13069992184732197Mouse
11039528Ccc3_mcolitis susceptibility in the Collaborative Cross 3 (mouse)13680142195051546Mouse
1301722Cia9_mcollagen induced arthritis QTL 9 (mouse)Not determined145783900189303617Mouse
4142291Aec2_mautoimmune exocrinopathy 2 (mouse)Not determined52457737182250592Mouse
10412185Hcs9_mhepatocarcinogenesis susceptibility 9 (mouse)Not determined163854690189303617Mouse
26884448Sklq1_mskull length QTL 1, 5 week (mouse)175976637181327565Mouse
27095901Scvln8_msacral vertebrae length 2, 10 week (mouse)194127725172027567Mouse
27226779Tibl1_mtibia length 1, 5 week (mouse)195527725162027569Mouse
10412162Nobq3_mNew Zealand obese QTL 3 (mouse)Not determined1103933405191225397Mouse
1301149Lrnx12_mlearning-contextual 12 (mouse)Not determined1112008822168186402Mouse
1302098Eila1_methanol induced locomotor activity 1 (mouse)Not determined1112008822175468938Mouse
27095915Scvln13_msacral vertebrae length 2, 16 week (mouse)1117527730179827565Mouse
27226740Metcl13_mmetatarsal-calcaneal length 13, 16 week (mouse)1121727729153775746Mouse
27226743Metcl7_mmetatarsal-calcaneal length 7, 10 week (mouse)1121727729153875746Mouse
27226767Tibl10_mtibia length 10, 10 week (mouse)1121727729164827569Mouse
27226799Feml5_mfemur length 5, 5 week (mouse)1122027729164827569Mouse
12880408V125Dq3_mvitamin D active form serum level QTL 3 (mouse)1122927738156927738Mouse
27095935Ulnl5_mulna length 5, 10 week (mouse)1128727737181327565Mouse
1301608Emo3_memotionality 3 (mouse)Not determined1129130858163130993Mouse
1302128Ity3_mimmunity to S. typhimurium 3 (mouse)Not determined11131156308165139464Mouse
14746980Manh50_mmandible shape 50 (mouse)1134131564168131564Mouse
1301458Skts8_mskin tumor susceptibility 8 (mouse)Not determined1135794822169795012Mouse
1301408Lore8_mloss of righting induced by ethanol 8 (mouse)Not determined1135877901169878015Mouse
1357434Obsty1_mobesity 1 (mouse)Not determined1136209950170210094Mouse
4141160Cq1_mcholesterol QTL 1 (mouse)Not determined1139452188173452308Mouse
1301523Ccrs1_mcorpus callosum hemisphere surface size 1 (mouse)Not determined1139602037173602216Mouse
1300696Bpq2_mblood pressure QTL 2 (mouse)Not determined1139602037173602216Mouse
1357602Vtbt2_mvertebral trabecular bone trait 2 (mouse)Not determined1139602037173602216Mouse
1301710Bmd5_mbone mineral density 5 (mouse)Not determined1139602037173602216Mouse
11049576Lmr8a_mleishmaniasis resistance 8a (mouse)1139602037173602216Mouse
1301894Skull2_mskull morphology 2 (mouse)Not determined1139602037173602216Mouse
1302193Cpfd1_mcerebellum pattern fissures (mouse)Not determined1139602037173602216Mouse
1300740Tne1_mtotal number errors (mouse)Not determined1139602037173602216Mouse
4142014Wbcq5_mwhite blood cell quantitative locus 5 (mouse)Not determined1141095010175095156Mouse
1301467Pcir1_mperiosteal circumference 1 (mouse)Not determined1141233173175233272Mouse
1301191Stia1_mserum transfer induced arthritis 1 (mouse)Not determined1141233173175233272Mouse
11533913Rd6m1_mretinal degeneration 6 modifier 1 (mouse)1141233173175233272Mouse
4141233Femwf12_mfemur work to failure 12 (mouse)Not determined141233173175233272Mouse
1301151Hdlq14_mHDL QTL 14 (mouse)Not determined1142489543176489734Mouse
1558720Bpq8_mblood pressure QTL 8 (mouse)Not determined1143284665177284803Mouse
11537365Cnes4_mC. neoformans susceptibility locus 4 (mouse)1144449142178449142Mouse
1300571Opfa_mopen field activity (mouse)Not determined1144531347178531592Mouse
12790996Aath2_maortic arch atherosclerosis 2 (mouse)1145077630179077630Mouse
1300934Cfbw1_mcystic fibrosis body weight 1 (mouse)Not determined1145145207179145325Mouse
1301818Ap1q_malcohol preference 1 QTL (mouse)Not determined1146908199167586222Mouse
1301135Pas8_mpulmonary adenoma susceptibility 8 (mouse)Not determined1147125258158233272Mouse
1357567Nidd3k_mNidd3 on KK-A<y> (mouse)Not determined7147125258169038913Mouse
12910522Scgq2_mspontaneous crescentic glomerulonephritis QTL 2 (mouse)1147125258171632257Mouse
1301385Radpf2_mradiation pulmonary fibrosis 2 (mouse)Not determined1147125258182873798Mouse
4141149Hbnr4_mHeligmosomoides bakeri nematode resistance 4 (mouse)Not determined147125258188983224Mouse
12790984Pcho7_mplasma cholesterol 7 (mouse)1147219390181219390Mouse
12791001Aath6_maortic arch atherosclerosis 6 (mouse)1147219390181219390Mouse
1300777Chol10_mcholesterol 10 (mouse)Not determined9147875502181875616Mouse
10043899Hdlq99_mHDL QTL 99 (mouse)Not determined1147875502181875616Mouse
13452392Ity3a_mimmunity to S. typhimurium 3a (mouse)1149028612154228616Mouse
1357618Splq5_mspleen weight QTL 5 (mouse)Not determined1150193673188359312Mouse
1357493Lgaq3_mlate growth adjusted QTL 3 (mouse)Not determined1150193673188359312Mouse
1357485Lgq4_mlate growth QTL 4 (mouse)Not determined1150193673188359312Mouse
12903996Cfq5_mconditioned fear QTL 5 (mouse)1150606337159307464Mouse
4141346Skmw12_mskeletal muscle weight 12 (mouse)Not determined150756737184756922Mouse
1300969Sluc5_msusceptibility to lung cancer 5 (mouse)Not determined1151186243185186402Mouse
4142159Nba2_mNew Zealand Black autoimmunity 2 (mouse)Not determined151835111185835280Mouse
1357889Lprq3_mlipoprotein QTL 3 (mouse)Not determined1152038741186038913Mouse
1301301Sle1_msystemic lupus erythmatosus susceptibility 1 (mouse)Not determined1152038741186038913Mouse
1301025Lbw7_mlupus NZB x NZW 7 (mouse)Not determined1152038741186038913Mouse
1301614Cgnz1_mchronic glomerulonephritis in NZM 1 (mouse)Not determined1152038741186038913Mouse
4141554Cfmq1_mcystic fibrosis modifier QTL 1 (mouse)Not determined1152038741186038913Mouse
13464138Hdlq107_mHDL QTL 107 (mouse)1152132744186132744Mouse
11251722Ewc1_methanol withdrawal and consumption 1 (mouse)1152132744186132744Mouse
10054270Nba10_mNew Zealand Black autoimmunity 10 (mouse)Not determined1152794822186438620Mouse
4142149Ctex_mCtla4 expression QTL (mouse)Not determined1153557406175468938Mouse
10412074Nhdlt1_mnon-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels 1 (mouse)Not determined1153675990187676105Mouse
10054490Opefa_mopen field activity (mouse)Not determined1153712853187712853Mouse

Markers in Region
Glul  
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceJBrowse
Cytogenetic Map1G2UniSTS
cM Map165.43UniSTS


Expression


Sequence


Reference Sequences
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSMUST00000086199   ⟹   ENSMUSP00000083375
Type: CODING
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCm39 Ensembl1153,775,690 - 153,785,469 (+)Ensembl
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl1153,899,944 - 153,909,723 (+)Ensembl
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSMUST00000139476   ⟹   ENSMUSP00000114377
Type: CODING
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCm39 Ensembl1153,776,352 - 153,782,886 (+)Ensembl
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl1153,900,606 - 153,907,140 (+)Ensembl
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSMUST00000140685   ⟹   ENSMUSP00000123157
Type: CODING
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCm39 Ensembl1153,776,331 - 153,783,928 (+)Ensembl
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl1153,900,585 - 153,908,182 (+)Ensembl
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSMUST00000153134
Type: CODING
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCm39 Ensembl1153,779,544 - 153,782,775 (+)Ensembl
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl1153,903,798 - 153,907,029 (+)Ensembl
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSMUST00000154576
Type: CODING
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCm39 Ensembl1153,781,789 - 153,782,862 (+)Ensembl
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl1153,906,043 - 153,907,116 (+)Ensembl
RefSeq Acc Id: NM_008131   ⟹   NP_032157
RefSeq Status: VALIDATED
Type: CODING
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCm391153,775,692 - 153,785,469 (+)NCBI
GRCm381153,899,929 - 153,909,723 (+)NCBI
MGSCv371155,747,075 - 155,756,844 (+)RGD
Celera1156,333,049 - 156,342,895 (+)NCBI
cM Map1 ENTREZGENE
Sequence:
Reference Protein Sequences
RefSeq Acc Id: NP_032157   ⟸   NM_008131
- UniProtKB: Q64432 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot),   Q3TRK7 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot),   Q91VC6 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot),   P15105 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot),   V9GZG5 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
- Sequence:
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSMUSP00000083375   ⟸   ENSMUST00000086199
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSMUSP00000114377   ⟸   ENSMUST00000139476
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSMUSP00000123157   ⟸   ENSMUST00000140685
Protein Domains
GS beta-grasp   GS catalytic

Protein Structures
Name Modeler Protein Id AA Range Protein Structure
AF-P15105-F1-model_v2 AlphaFold P15105 1-373 view protein structure

Promoters
RGD ID:6875292
Promoter ID:EPDNEW_M1097
Type:multiple initiation site
Name:Glul_1
Description:Mus musculus glutamate-ammonia ligase , mRNA.
SO ACC ID:SO:0000170
Source:EPDNEW (Eukaryotic Promoter Database, http://epd.vital-it.ch/)
Alternative Promoters:null; see alsoEPDNEW_M1099  
Experiment Methods:Single-end sequencing.
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCm381153,899,946 - 153,900,006EPDNEW
RGD ID:6875296
Promoter ID:EPDNEW_M1099
Type:multiple initiation site
Name:Glul_2
Description:Mus musculus glutamate-ammonia ligase , mRNA.
SO ACC ID:SO:0000170
Source:EPDNEW (Eukaryotic Promoter Database, http://epd.vital-it.ch/)
Alternative Promoters:null; see alsoEPDNEW_M1097  
Experiment Methods:Single-end sequencing.
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCm381153,900,585 - 153,900,645EPDNEW
RGD ID:6817767
Promoter ID:MM_KWN:2467
Type:CpG-Island
SO ACC ID:SO:0000170
Source:MPROMDB
Tissues & Cell Lines:3T3L1_Day0,   3T3L1_Day1,   3T3L1_Day2,   3T3L1_Day3,   3T3L1_Day4,   3T3L1_Day6,   BoneMarrow_0Hour,   BoneMarrow_2Hour,   BoneMarrow_4Hour,   Brain,   ES_Cell,   Kidney,   Liver,   Lung,   MEF_B4,   MEF_B6,   Spleen
Transcripts:OTTMUST00000039662,   TC1627906_GLNS-PS1
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
MGSCv361155,746,881 - 155,747,381 (+)MPROMDB
RGD ID:6817186
Promoter ID:MM_KWN:2468
Type:CpG-Island
SO ACC ID:SO:0000170
Source:MPROMDB
Tissues & Cell Lines:3T3L1_Day1,   3T3L1_Day2,   3T3L1_Day3,   3T3L1_Day4,   3T3L1_Day6,   Kidney
Transcripts:OTTMUST00000039663,   OTTMUST00000050906,   OTTMUST00000084902
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
MGSCv361155,747,531 - 155,748,742 (-)MPROMDB
RGD ID:6817764
Promoter ID:MM_KWN:2469
Type:CpG-Island
SO ACC ID:SO:0000170
Source:MPROMDB
Tissues & Cell Lines:3T3L1_Day1,   3T3L1_Day2,   3T3L1_Day3,   3T3L1_Day4,   Brain,   Kidney,   Liver,   Lung
Transcripts:OTTMUST00000039664
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
MGSCv361155,750,061 - 155,750,997 (+)MPROMDB
RGD ID:6817175
Promoter ID:MM_KWN:2470
Type:CpG-Island
SO ACC ID:SO:0000170
Source:MPROMDB
Tissues & Cell Lines:3T3L1_Day1,   3T3L1_Day2,   3T3L1_Day3,   3T3L1_Day4,   3T3L1_Day6,   Brain,   Kidney,   Liver,   Lung,   Spleen
Transcripts:AK080751_A930039A15RIK,   OTTMUST00000039665
Position:
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
MGSCv361155,751,286 - 155,753,592 (+)MPROMDB

Additional Information

Database Acc Id Source(s)
AGR Gene MGI:95739 AgrOrtholog
Ensembl Genes ENSMUSG00000026473 Ensembl, ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Ensembl Transcript ENSMUST00000086199 ENTREZGENE
  ENSMUST00000086199.12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  ENSMUST00000139476.8 UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  ENSMUST00000140685.4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Gene3D-CATH 3.10.20.70 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  Glutamine synthetase/guanido kinase, catalytic domain UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
InterPro Gln_synt_b-grasp UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  Gln_synt_N UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  Gln_synth/guanido_kin_cat_dom UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  Gln_synth_cat_dom UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  Gln_synth_gly_rich_site UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  Gln_synth_N_conserv_site UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
KEGG Report mmu:14645 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
MGD MGI:95739 ENTREZGENE
NCBI Gene 14645 ENTREZGENE
PANTHER GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Pfam Gln-synt_C UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  Gln-synt_N UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
PhenoGen Glul PhenoGen
PROSITE GLNA_1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  GLNA_ATP UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  GS_BETA_GRASP UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  GS_CATALYTIC UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
SMART Gln-synt_C UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Superfamily-SCOP SSF54368 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  SSF55931 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
UniProt D3YVK1_MOUSE UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  GLNA_MOUSE UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ENTREZGENE
  Q3TRK7 ENTREZGENE
  Q64432 ENTREZGENE
  Q91VC6 ENTREZGENE
  V9GZG5 ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
UniProt Secondary Q3TRK7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  Q64432 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
  Q91VC6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot


Nomenclature History
Date Current Symbol Current Name Previous Symbol Previous Name Description Reference Status
2023-06-27 Glul  glutamate-ammonia ligase  Glul  glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)  Symbol and/or name change 5135510 APPROVED