RGD Reference Report - Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is upregulated in an endotoxin-induced model of bladder inflammation in rats. - Rat Genome Database

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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is upregulated in an endotoxin-induced model of bladder inflammation in rats.

Authors: Meyer-Siegler, KL  Ordorica, RC  Vera, PL 
Citation: Meyer-Siegler KL, etal., J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2004 Jan;24(1):55-63.
RGD ID: 1641998
Pubmed: PMID:14980085   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1089/107999004772719918   (Journal Full-text)

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine found in epithelial cells as preformed stores, such that MIF release can activate innate immune responses. Our identification of MIF stores in the urothelium suggests that MIF may function in the bladder's initial response to infectious stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To test this hypothesis, we observed changes in MIF, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and c-fos in the bladder, L6-S1 spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and major pelvic ganglion (MPG) and MIF changes in the prostate following intravesical LPS. Intravesical LPS induced bladder edema and leukocyte infiltration, as well as increased MIF protein and mRNA in the bladder and lumbosacral spinal cord. Expression of immediate-early gene c-fos, a transcription factor used as a marker of neuronal activation, increased in the L6-S1 spinal cord and L6-S1 DRG of rats that received LPS. We conclude that significant increases in bladder MIF expression and protein in response to intravesical LPS may represent part of this organ's initial innate immune response. In addition, MIF upregulation may represent a neural response to visceral inflammation. Finally, changes in prostate MIF content after intravesical LPS suggest that MIF may be involved in viscerovisceral interactions associated with chronic pelvic pain syndromes.

Gene Ontology Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
response to lipopolysaccharide  IEP 1641998 RGD 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Mif  (macrophage migration inhibitory factor)


Additional Information