G protein-coupled kinases (GRK) are regulators of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The GRKs phosphorylate ligand-activated receptors which are then recognized by beta-arrestin proteins. Association with beta-arrestin precludes re-association of receptors and G proteins, thus accounting for receptor desensitization. The GRKs that phosphorylate activated Casr are listed with aliases in parentheses, full names and links to gene report pages:

Adrbk1 (Bark1, Grk2, ARK1, adrenergic, beta, receptor kinase 1) – G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2
Adrbk2 (Grk3, beta ARK2, BARK2, adrenergic, beta, receptor kinase 2) – G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3
Grk4 (GPRK4) – G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4