RGD Reference Report - The lysosomal cysteine protease, cathepsin S, is increased in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome brain. An immunocytochemical study. - Rat Genome Database

Send us a Message
Submit Data |  Help |  Video Tutorials |  News |  Publications |  Download |  REST API |  Citing RGD |  Contact   
Search RGD Grant Resources Citing RGD About Us Contact Us
Genes Variants Community Projects QTLs Strains Markers Genome Information Ontologies Cell Lines References Download Submit Data
OntoMate (Literature Search) JBrowse (Genome Browser) Synteny Browser (VCMap) Variant Visualizer Multi-Ontology Enrichment (MOET) Gene-Ortholog Location Finder (GOLF) InterViewer (Protein-Protein Interactions) PhenoMiner (Quatitative Phenotypes) Gene Annotator OLGA (Gene List Generator) AllianceMine GViewer (Genome Viewer)
Aging & Age-Related Disease Cancer & Neoplastic Disease Cardiovascular Disease Coronavirus Disease Developmental Disease Diabetes Hematologic Disease Immune & Inflammatory Disease Infectious Disease Liver Disease Neurological Disease Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome Renal Disease Respiratory Disease Sensory Organ Disease
Find Models   new Genetic Models Autism Models Rat PhenoMiner (Quantitative Phenotypes) Chinchilla PhenoMiner Expected Ranges (Quantitative Phenotype) PhenoMiner Term Comparison Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel Phenotypes Phenotypes in Other Animal Models Animal Husbandry Strain Medical Records Phylogenetics Strain Availability Calendar Rats 101 Submissions Photo Archive
Pathways
Rat Community Forum Directory of Rat Laboratories Video Tutorials News RGD Publications RGD Presentations Archive Nomenclature Guidelines Resource Links Laboratory Resources Employment Resources

The lysosomal cysteine protease, cathepsin S, is increased in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome brain. An immunocytochemical study.

Authors: Lemere, CA  Munger, JS  Shi, GP  Natkin, L  Haass, C  Chapman, HA  Selkoe, DJ 
Citation: Lemere CA, etal., Am J Pathol. 1995 Apr;146(4):848-60.
RGD ID: 5686914
Pubmed: PMID:7717452   (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID: PMC1869262   (View Article at PubMed Central)

Expression of cathepsin (cat) S, a lysosomal cysteine protease, has recently been shown to cause an increase in production of amyloid beta-peptides in transfected human cells. In this study, we examined the presence and localization of cat S by immunocytochemistry in 21 control, 24 Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 10 Down syndrome (DS) postmortem brains. An antiserum to a human cat S fusion protein was affinity purified and its specificity confirmed by abolition of immunoreactivity after adsorption with cat S but not cat L fusion protein. A small minority of control cases showed light, focal staining of scattered cortical neurons. Many control cases, as well as most AD and DS cases, showed prominent staining of vascular smooth muscle cells, particularly in leptomeningeal vessels. Both AD and DS brain tissue showed increased immunoreactivity in a subset of neocortical and hippocampal neurons and glia. Cat S immunoreactivity occurred in a granular, cytoplasmic pattern in some neurons or in a more dense staining pattern in certain neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons. Cat S-positive neurons were also present in amygdala and basal forebrain in AD brains. A subset of astrocytes were immunoreactive with the cat S antibody in AD and DS but not in control brains. In rare AD cases, cat S immunostaining was observed in astrocytes in the periphery of amyloid-beta-containing plaques. These results suggest that cat S is up-regulated in AD and DS brain. The association of cat S immunoreactivity with tangle-bearing neurons, astrocytes, and rare senile plaques implies a role for altered cat S activity in the pathogenesis of AD.

RGD Manual Disease Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
Alzheimer's disease  IEP 5686914 RGD 
Alzheimer's disease  ISOCTSS (Homo sapiens)5686914; 5686914 RGD 
Down syndrome  IEP 5686914 RGD 
Down syndrome  ISOCTSS (Homo sapiens)5686914; 5686914 RGD 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Ctss  (cathepsin S)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Ctss  (cathepsin S)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
CTSS  (cathepsin S)


Additional Information