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VOCs

Voltage-operated calcium channels (VOCs) or voltage-gated, are comprised of the pore-forming alpha subunit and ancillary beta, gamma and/or delta subunits. The alpha subunits differ by the type of Ca2+ current and can be subdivided into three subfamilies. The Cav1 type (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4) mediates L-type Ca2+ currents; the Cav2 type mediates P/Q  (Cav2.1), N-type (Cav2.2) and R-type (Cav2.3) currents; the Cav3 type (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) mediates T-type currents. The genes coding for the intracellular beta subunits are each subject to alternative splicing; their impact on the kinetics and voltage-dependence of gating expands the range of alpha subunit functions. The alpha2 and delta peptides are connected via a disulfide linkage; the two peptides originate from the same transcript and their co-expression appears to enhance the function of the channel.  The small, transmembrane gamma subunit generally appears to have smaller effects on the channel’s function. For details, check PMID 21746798. The genes for the alpha and beta subunits are listed with aliases in parentheses, full names and links to gene report pages:

Alpha
Cacna1s (Cav1.1) – calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S
Cacna1c (cav1.2) – calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C
Cacna1d (Cav1.3) – calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D
Cacna1f (Cav1.4) – calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 F

Cacna1a (cav2.1) – calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A
Cacna1b (Cav2.2) – calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B
Cacna1e (Cav2.3) – calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 E

Cacna1g (Cav3.1) – calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 G
Cacna1h (Cav3.2) – calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 H
Cacna1i (Cav3.3) – calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 I

Note: L-type, P/Q-type and N-type – are high, R-type – intermediate and T-type – low voltage

Beta
Cacnb1 (CAB1, CACNLB1) – calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 1
Cacnb2 (CAB2, CACNLB2) – calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 2
Cacnb3 (CAB3, CACNLB3) – calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 3
Cacnb4 (CAB4, CACNLB4) – calcium voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 4

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RGD is funded by grant HL64541 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute on behalf of the NIH.