Strain Report - Rat Genome Database

Send us a Message



 Submit Data |  Help |  Video Tutorials |  News |  Publications |  Download |  REST API |  Citing RGD |  Contact   
Search RGD Grant Resources Citing RGD About Us Contact Us
Genes Community Projects (beta) QTLs Strains Markers Genome Information Ontologies Cell Lines References Download Submit Data
OntoMate (Literature Search) JBrowse (Genome Browser) Synteny Browser (VCMap)  (beta) Variant Visualizer Multi-Ontology Enrichment (MOET) Gene-Ortholog Location Finder (GOLF) InterViewer (Protein-Protein Interactions) PhenoMiner (Quatitative Phenotypes) Gene Annotator OLGA (Gene List Generator) AllianceMine GViewer (Genome Viewer)
Aging & Age-Related Disease Cancer & Neoplastic Disease Cardiovascular Disease Coronavirus Disease Developmental Disease Diabetes Hematologic Disease Immune & Inflammatory Disease Infectious Disease Liver Disease Neurological Disease Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome Renal Disease Respiratory Disease Sensory Organ Disease
Find Models   new Genetic Models Autism Models Rat PhenoMiner (Quantitative Phenotypes) Chinchilla PhenoMiner Expected Ranges (Quantitative Phenotype) PhenoMiner Term Comparison Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel Phenotypes GERRC (Gene Editing Rat Resource Center) Phenotypes in Other Animal Models Animal Husbandry Strain Medical Records Phylogenetics Strain Availability Calendar Rats 101 Submissions Photo Archive
Pathways
Rat Community Forum Directory of Rat Laboratories Video Tutorials News RGD Publications RGD Presentations Archive Nomenclature Guidelines Resource Links Laboratory Resources Employment Resources
Strain Registration

Strain: BN

Symbol: BN
Strain: BN
Full Name: BN
RGD ID: 60985
Citation ID: RRID:RGD_60985
Ontology ID: RS:0000113
Alleles: Tnfrsf1a;   Cd36
Previously known as: Brown Norway
Type: inbred
Source: Charles River Laboratories
Origin: Billingham and Silvers 1958, from a brown mutation maintained by DH King and P Aptekman in a pen-bred colony (Billingham and Silvers 1959). A plasma kininogen-deficient mutant strain (BN/Ka) has been described in which release of heat-induced substance P is defective (Tang et al, 1994) and response to the hypertensive effects of deoxycorticosterone acetate salt is much faster than in normal BN rats (Majima et al, 1995a,b).
Genetic Markers: a,b,h(I)
Coat Color: Brown.
Inbred Generations: F71(Pit).
Last Known Status: Unknown





Experimental Data Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

Rat Strain
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
BN  IEA 7241799 RGD 

References

References - curated
# Reference Title Reference Citation
1. Genome-wide linkage analysis of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rat identifies a major susceptibility locus on chromosome 9. Dahlman I, etal., J Immunol 1999 Mar 1;162(5):2581-8.
2. Phenotypic reversion of rat neoplastic liver nodules is under genetic control. De Miglio MR, etal., Int J Cancer 2003 May 20;105(1):70-5.
3. Inbred Strains Festing, MFW, Inbred Strains, The Laboratory Rat, 1979, Baker HK, Lindsey JR, Weisbroth SH, 55-72, Academic Press
4. Update to previous Strain Data Festing, MFW, Personal Communication Update, Feb-2000
5. Genetic dissection of a rat model for rheumatoid arthritis: significant gender influences on autosomal modifier loci Furuya T, etal., Hum Mol Genet 2000 Sep 22;9(15):2241-50
6. Chromosomal Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Elastin Content in Rat Aorta. Gauguier D, etal., Hypertension 2005 Jan 24;.
7. Chromosomal mapping of genetic loci associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes in the GK rat Gauguier D, etal., Nat Genet 1996 Jan;12(1):38-43
8. Identification of four new quantitative trait loci regulating arthritis severity and one new quantitative trait locus regulating autoantibody production in rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Griffiths MM, etal., Arthritis Rheum 2000 Jun;43(6):1278-89
9. Identification of a new non-major histocompatibility complex genetic locus on chromosome 2 that controls disease severity in collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Gulko PS, etal., Arthritis Rheum 1998 Dec;41(12):2122-31
10. Genetic dissection of "OLETF", a rat model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Kanemoto N, etal., Mamm Genome 1998 Jun;9(6):419-25
11. Genetic kininogen deficiency contributes to aortic aneurysm formation but not to atherosclerosis. Kaschina E, etal., Physiol Genomics 2004 Sep 16;19(1):41-9. Epub 2004 Jul 06.
12. Complete genome searches for quantitative trait loci controlling blood pressure and related traits in four segregating populations derived from Dahl hypertensive rats. Kato N, etal., Mamm Genome 1999 Mar;10(3):259-65.
13. A genetic linkage map of rat chromosome 20 derived from five F2 crosses. Kawahito Y, etal., Immunogenetics 1998 Oct;48(5):335-8
14. Genetic determinants of plasma triglyceride levels in (OLETF x BN) x OLETF backcross rats. Okuno S, etal., Genomics 1999 Dec 15;62(3):350-5.
15. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for blood pressure and cardiac mass in the rat by genome scanning of recombinant inbred strains. Pravenec M, etal., J Clin Invest 1995 Oct;96(4):1973-8
16. A genome scan localizes five non-MHC loci controlling collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Remmers EF, etal., Nat Genet 1996 Sep;14(1):82-5
17. RGD Strain RSO annotation pipeline RGD Automated Pipelines
18. A genome-wide search identifies two susceptibility loci for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis on rat chromosomes 4 and 10. Roth MP, etal., J Immunol 1999 Feb 15;162(4):1917-22.
19. A biometrical genome search in rats reveals the multigenic basis of blood pressure variation. Schork NJ, etal., Genome Res 1995 Sep;5(2):164-72
20. A high density integrated genetic linkage and radiation hybrid map of the laboratory rat Steen RG, Kwitek-Black AE, etal., Genome Research, 1999, 6:1-8
21. New target regions for human hypertension via comparative genomics. Stoll M, etal., Genome Res 2000 Apr;10(4):473-82.
22. Quantitative trait locus dissection in congenic strains of the Goto-Kakizaki rat identifies a region conserved with diabetes loci in human chromosome 1q. Wallace KJ, etal., Physiol Genomics 2004 Sep 16;19(1):1-10. Epub 2004 Jul 20.
23. Enhanced insulin secretion and cholesterol metabolism in congenic strains of the spontaneously diabetic (Type 2) Goto Kakizaki rat are controlled by independent genetic loci in rat chromosome 8. Wallis RH, etal., Diabetologia 2004 Jun;47(6):1096-106. Epub 2004 May 26.
24. Genetic dissection of "OLETF," a rat model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: quantitative trait locus analysis of (OLETF x BN) x OLETF. Watanabe TK, etal., Genomics 1999 Jun 15;58(3):233-9.
25. Interval mapping and congenic strains for a blood pressure QTL on rat chromosome 13. Zhang QY, etal., Mamm Genome 1997 Sep;8(9):636-41

Region

Strain QTL Data
Symbol Name Trait
Ael1 Aortic elastin QTL 1 aorta elastin amount   (VT:0003905)    
Ael2 Aortic elastin QTL 2 aorta elastin amount   (VT:0003905)    
Ael3 Aortic elastin QTL 3 aorta elastin amount   (VT:0003905)    
Aocep1 Aortic cell protein QTL 1 thoracic aorta cellular protein amount   (VT:0010598)    
Bp18 Blood pressure QTL 18 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
Bp19 Blood pressure QTL 19 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
Bp20 Blood pressure QTL 20 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
Bp21 Blood pressure QTL 21 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
Bp22 Blood pressure QTL 22 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
Bp23 Blood pressure QTL 23 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
Bp81 Blood pressure QTL 81 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster1 Blood pressure QTL cluster 1 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster10 Blood pressure QTL cluster 10 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster11 Blood pressure QTL cluster 11 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster12 Blood pressure QTL cluster 12 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster13 Blood pressure QTL cluster 13 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster15 Blood pressure QTL cluster 15 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster4 Blood pressure QTL cluster 4 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster5 Blood pressure QTL cluster 5 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster6 Blood pressure QTL cluster 6 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster7 Blood pressure QTL cluster 7 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster8 Blood pressure QTL cluster 8 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
BpQTLcluster9 Blood pressure QTL cluster 9 arterial blood pressure trait   (VT:2000000)    
Bw115 Body weight QTL 115 body mass   (VT:0001259)    
Bw117 Body weight QTL 117 abdominal fat pad mass   (VT:1000711)    
Bw118 Body weight QTL 118 abdominal fat pad mass   (VT:1000711)    
Bw119 Body weight QTL 119 abdominal fat pad mass   (VT:1000711)    
Bw121 Body weight QTL 121 abdominal fat pad mass   (VT:1000711)    
Bw17 Body weight QTL 17 body mass   (VT:0001259)    
Bw23 Body weight QTL 23 body mass   (VT:0001259)    
Bw37 Body weight QTL 37 body mass   (VT:0001259)    
Bw38 Body weight QTL 38 body mass   (VT:0001259)    
Bw9 Body weight QTL 9 body mass   (VT:0001259)    
Cia13 Collagen induced arthritis QTL 13 joint integrity trait   (VT:0010548)    
Cia15 Collagen induced arthritis QTL 15 joint integrity trait   (VT:0010548)    
Cia16 Collagen induced arthritis QTL 16 joint integrity trait   (VT:0010548)    
Cia17 Collagen induced arthritis QTL 17 joint integrity trait   (VT:0010548)    
Cia18 Collagen induced arthritis QTL 18 joint integrity trait   (VT:0010548)    
Cia19 Collagen induced arthritis QTL 19 joint integrity trait   (VT:0010548)    
Cia6 Collagen induced arthritis QTL 6 joint integrity trait   (VT:0010548)    
Cia7 Collagen induced arthritis QTL 7 joint integrity trait   (VT:0010548)    
Ciaa1 CIA Autoantibody QTL 1 blood autoantibody amount   (VT:0003725)    
Ciaa3 CIA Autoantibody QTL 3 blood autoantibody amount   (VT:0003725)    
Ciaa4 CIA Autoantibody QTL 4 blood autoantibody amount   (VT:0003725)    
Ciaa5 CIA Autoantibody QTL 5 blood autoantibody amount   (VT:0003725)    
Cm37 Cardiac mass QTL 37 heart mass   (VT:0007028)    
Cm50 Cardiac mass QTL 50 heart mass   (VT:0007028)    
Eae2 Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis QTL 2 nervous system integrity trait   (VT:0010566)    
Eae3 Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis QTL 3 nervous system integrity trait   (VT:0010566)    
Eae4 Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis QTL 4 nervous system integrity trait   (VT:0010566)    
Lnnr1 Liver neoplastic nodule remodeling QTL 1 liver integrity trait   (VT:0010547)    
Lnnr2 Liver neoplastic nodule remodeling QTL 2 liver integrity trait   (VT:0010547)    
Niddm10 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 10 blood glucose amount   (VT:0000188)    
Niddm11 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 11 blood insulin amount   (VT:0001560)    
Niddm12 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 12 blood glucose amount   (VT:0000188)    
Niddm16 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 16 blood glucose amount   (VT:0000188)    
Niddm45 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 45 blood glucose amount   (VT:0000188)    
Niddm49 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 49 blood glucose amount   (VT:0000188)    
Niddm50 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 50 blood glucose amount   (VT:0000188)    
Niddm61 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 61 blood insulin amount   (VT:0001560)    
Niddm62 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 62 insulin secretion trait   (VT:0003564)    
Niddm7 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 7 blood glucose amount   (VT:0000188)    
Niddm8 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 8 blood insulin amount   (VT:0001560)    
Niddm9 Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 9 blood insulin amount   (VT:0001560)    
Stl8 Serum triglyceride level QTL 8 blood triglyceride amount   (VT:0002644)    
Stl9 Serum triglyceride level QTL 9 blood triglyceride amount   (VT:0002644)    

Additional Information

RGD Curation Notes
Note Type Note Reference
strain_behavior Can not be triggered into paradoxical sleep by dark pulse stimulation (ie. turning off the lights), incontrast with LEW (Leung et al, 1992). Higher precentage of paradoxical sleep than LEW (Rosenberg et al 1987). Low preference for ethanol and low capability to develop acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis (York et al, 1994). Behavioural performance declined less rapidly with aging than in strain F344 (Spangler et al, 1994). Somewhat vicious. Poor performance in an active avoidance learning task (4/4), but good reference memory (VanLuijtelaar et al 1988) 1004
strain_behavior Can not be triggered into paradoxical sleep by dark pulse stimulation (ie. turning off the lights), incontrast with LEW (Leung et al, 1992). Higher precentage of paradoxical sleep than LEW (Rosenberg et al 1987). Low preference for ethanol and low capability to develop acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis (York et al, 1994). Behavioural performance declined less rapidly with aging than in strain F344 (Spangler et al, 1994). Somewhat vicious. Poor performance in an active avoidance learning task (4/4), but good reference memory (VanLuijtelaar et al 1988) 634612
strain_drgs_chems Dimethylbenzanthracene induced a transplantable myeloid leukaemia (Colly and Hagenbeek1977). Intermediate susceptibility to pentobarbital sodium (3/7) with LD50 of 90mg/kg (Sheareret al 1973). 1004
strain_drgs_chems Dimethylbenzanthracene induced a transplantable myeloid leukaemia (Colly and Hagenbeek1977). Intermediate susceptibility to pentobarbital sodium (3/7) with LD50 of 90mg/kg (Sheareret al 1973). 634612
strain_immunology Resistant to induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1/7) (Gasser et al 1975,McFarlin et al 1975a,b). However, resistance can be modulated by endogenous corticosteroids (Peers et al, 1995). Resistant to induction of autologous immune compex glomerulonephritis (Strenglein et al 1975). Like strain MAXX, but in contrast to 17 other strains BN is susceptible tothe development of mercury-induced autoimmunity to renal basement membranes with the development of membraneous glomerulonephritis (Henry et al 1988). Susceptible to theautoimmune effects of mercury showing a decrease of peripheral RT6.2(+) T lymphocytes compared with strain LEW (Kosuda et al 1994), but no release of hydrogen peroxide in peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in contrast with LEW (Contrino et al,1992). Susceptible to the development of autoimmunity to skin-injected HgCl2 , in contrast toLEW (Warfvinge and Larsson, 1994). Develop a T-helper 2 cell-mediated autoimmune syndrome following treatment with mercuric chloride, gold or D-penicillamine which may be associated with the response of mast cells (Oliveira et al, 1995) Moderately sensitive to the development of experimental glomerulonephritis following injection of nephritogenic antigen from bovine renal basement membrane (Naito et al, 1991) Develops severe experimental allergic encephalomyelitis when immunised with rat spinal cord and carbonyl iron adjuvent (Levine and Sowinski 1975). Linington et al (1986) induced experimental allergic neuritis using T-cells and bovine P2 (a peripheral nerve myelin protein). Resistant to the induction of Haymann nephritis (Badalamenti et al 1987). High IgE response to Japanese Cedarpollen antigen (1/7): may be a useful model for studying physiological and pathological changes in the nose after pollen challenge (Imaoka et al, 1993). Resident macrophages (ramified microglea)of the central nervous system are constitutively major histocompatibility complex class-II positive, in contrast with LEW (Sedgwick et al, 1993). Following lethal irradiation and re-constitution with syngeneic bone marrow and given cyclosporin A for several weeks LEW rats will develop cyclosporin-induced autoimmunity after withdrawal of the cyclosporin. The condition resembles graft-versus host disease in terms of acute dermatitis and chronic scleroderma. However, BN rats do not develop this disease (Wodzig et al, 1993). Resistant to the induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and endotoxin-induced uveitis which appears to be associated with the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) by retinal Muller glia and retinal pigmented epithelium. Strain LEW is susceptible (Dekozak et al, 1994). Susceptible to the induction of proteinuria following treatment with the monoclonal antibody 5-6-1, like LEW and outbred Wistar, but unlike resistant outbred Sprague-Dawley rats which were also resistant to glomerular damage (Gollner et al, 1995).Low antibody response to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and streptococcal group A carbohydrate (Koch 1976, Stankus and Leslie 1976, Williams et al 1973). Good (1/5) antibody response to a synthetic 20 amino acid peptide derived from the alpha helical region of the RT1-D-u beta chain (Murphy et al, 1994). 1004
strain_immunology Resistant to induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1/7) (Gasser et al 1975,McFarlin et al 1975a,b). However, resistance can be modulated by endogenous corticosteroids (Peers et al, 1995). Resistant to induction of autologous immune compex glomerulonephritis (Strenglein et al 1975). Like strain MAXX, but in contrast to 17 other strains BN is susceptible tothe development of mercury-induced autoimmunity to renal basement membranes with the development of membraneous glomerulonephritis (Henry et al 1988). Susceptible to theautoimmune effects of mercury showing a decrease of peripheral RT6.2(+) T lymphocytes compared with strain LEW (Kosuda et al 1994), but no release of hydrogen peroxide in peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in contrast with LEW (Contrino et al,1992). Susceptible to the development of autoimmunity to skin-injected HgCl2 , in contrast toLEW (Warfvinge and Larsson, 1994). Develop a T-helper 2 cell-mediated autoimmune syndrome following treatment with mercuric chloride, gold or D-penicillamine which may be associated with the response of mast cells (Oliveira et al, 1995) Moderately sensitive to the development of experimental glomerulonephritis following injection of nephritogenic antigen from bovine renal basement membrane (Naito et al, 1991) Develops severe experimental allergic encephalomyelitis when immunised with rat spinal cord and carbonyl iron adjuvent (Levine and Sowinski 1975). Linington et al (1986) induced experimental allergic neuritis using T-cells and bovine P2 (a peripheral nerve myelin protein). Resistant to the induction of Haymann nephritis (Badalamenti et al 1987). High IgE response to Japanese Cedarpollen antigen (1/7): may be a useful model for studying physiological and pathological changes in the nose after pollen challenge (Imaoka et al, 1993). Resident macrophages (ramified microglea)of the central nervous system are constitutively major histocompatibility complex class-II positive, in contrast with LEW (Sedgwick et al, 1993). Following lethal irradiation and re-constitution with syngeneic bone marrow and given cyclosporin A for several weeks LEW rats will develop cyclosporin-induced autoimmunity after withdrawal of the cyclosporin. The condition resembles graft-versus host disease in terms of acute dermatitis and chronic scleroderma. However, BN rats do not develop this disease (Wodzig et al, 1993). Resistant to the induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and endotoxin-induced uveitis which appears to be associated with the production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) by retinal Muller glia and retinal pigmented epithelium. Strain LEW is susceptible (Dekozak et al, 1994). Susceptible to the induction of proteinuria following treatment with the monoclonal antibody 5-6-1, like LEW and outbred Wistar, but unlike resistant outbred Sprague-Dawley rats which were also resistant to glomerular damage (Gollner et al, 1995).Low antibody response to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and streptococcal group A carbohydrate (Koch 1976, Stankus and Leslie 1976, Williams et al 1973). Good (1/5) antibody response to a synthetic 20 amino acid peptide derived from the alpha helical region of the RT1-D-u beta chain (Murphy et al, 1994). 634612
strain_infection Resistant to the induction of encephalitis by coronavirus, with a much shorter delay in lymphocyte proliferation following infection than in the susceptible LEW strain (Imrich et al, 1994). Low plasma ceruloplasmin levels (Stolc 1984) . 1004
strain_infection Resistant to the induction of encephalitis by coronavirus, with a much shorter delay in lymphocyte proliferation following infection than in the susceptible LEW strain (Imrich et al, 1994). Low plasma ceruloplasmin levels (Stolc 1984) . 634612
strain_life_disease Endocardial disease 7% at an average age of 31 months (Boorman et al 1973). Tumours of epithelium 28% in males, 2% in females. Ureter tumours 20% in females, 6% in males. Estimated median life-span more than 24 months in males and more than 25 months in females (Boorman and Hollander 1974). Median lifespan 29 months in males (n=74) and 31 months in females (n=236). Most common neoplastic lesions in males were urinary bladder carcinoma 35%, pancreas islet adenoma 15%,pituitary adenoma 14%, lymphoreticular sarcoma 14%, adrenal cortex adeneoma 12%, medullarythyroid carcinoma 9%, adrenal pheochromocytoma 8%. Four other types of tumours were observed. In females: pituitary adenoma 26%, ureter carcinoma 22%, adrenal cortical adenoma19%, cervix sarcoma 15%, mammary gland fibroadenoma 11%, islet adenoma 11%. Twelve other tumour types were observed (Burek and Hollander 1975a). The chance of death from metastases increased with age in females, but reaches a peak at 25-30 months in males (Burek and Hollander 1975b). The cervical and vaginal tumours have been studied in more detail by Burek et al (1975a), and further details of an aging colony are given by Hollander (1976) and Burek and Hollander (1977). Vaginal and cervical tumours, mostly sarcomas but also seven squamous-cell carcinomas and four leiomyomas, were seen in 20% of animals that died naturally (Burek et al 1976). High incidence (31%) of hydronephrosis reported in 2-month-old BN/Bi (Cohen et al 1970), but little seen by Gray et al (1982) before 30 months,after which the disease progressed slowly. A high incidence was observed at all ages by Spangleret al (1994). 1004
strain_life_disease Endocardial disease 7% at an average age of 31 months (Boorman et al 1973). Tumours of epithelium 28% in males, 2% in females. Ureter tumours 20% in females, 6% in males. Estimated median life-span more than 24 months in males and more than 25 months in females (Boorman and Hollander 1974). Median lifespan 29 months in males (n=74) and 31 months in females (n=236). Most common neoplastic lesions in males were urinary bladder carcinoma 35%, pancreas islet adenoma 15%,pituitary adenoma 14%, lymphoreticular sarcoma 14%, adrenal cortex adeneoma 12%, medullarythyroid carcinoma 9%, adrenal pheochromocytoma 8%. Four other types of tumours were observed. In females: pituitary adenoma 26%, ureter carcinoma 22%, adrenal cortical adenoma19%, cervix sarcoma 15%, mammary gland fibroadenoma 11%, islet adenoma 11%. Twelve other tumour types were observed (Burek and Hollander 1975a). The chance of death from metastases increased with age in females, but reaches a peak at 25-30 months in males (Burek and Hollander 1975b). The cervical and vaginal tumours have been studied in more detail by Burek et al (1975a), and further details of an aging colony are given by Hollander (1976) and Burek and Hollander (1977). Vaginal and cervical tumours, mostly sarcomas but also seven squamous-cell carcinomas and four leiomyomas, were seen in 20% of animals that died naturally (Burek et al 1976). High incidence (31%) of hydronephrosis reported in 2-month-old BN/Bi (Cohen et al 1970), but little seen by Gray et al (1982) before 30 months,after which the disease progressed slowly. A high incidence was observed at all ages by Spangleret al (1994). 634612
strain_life_disease Rats display genetic resistant to hepatocellular carcinoma 619598
strain_reproduction Low fertility 1004
strain_reproduction Low fertility 634612