RGD Reference Report - Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a novel biomarker of hepatocellular stress/inflammation: in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies. - Rat Genome Database

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Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) is a novel biomarker of hepatocellular stress/inflammation: in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies.

Authors: Vodovotz, Y  Prelich, J  Lagoa, C  Barclay, D  Zamora, R  Murase, N  Gandhi, CR 
Citation: Vodovotz Y, etal., Mol Med. 2013 Jan 22;18:1421-9. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00183.
RGD ID: 9685733
Pubmed: PMID:23073658   (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID: PMC3563711   (View Article at PubMed Central)
DOI: DOI:10.2119/molmed.2012.00183   (Journal Full-text)

The liver is a central organ involved in inflammatory processes, including the elaboration of acute-phase proteins. Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) protein, expressed and secreted by hepatocytes, promotes liver regeneration and maintains viability of hepatocytes. ALR also stimulates secretion of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha and interleukin [IL]-6) and nitric oxide from Kupffer cells. We hypothesized that ALR may be involved in modulating inflammation induced by various stimuli. We found that hepatic ALR levels are elevated at 24 h, before or about the same time as an increase in the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6, after portacaval shunt surgery in rats. Serum ALR also increased, but significantly only on d 4 when pathological changes in the liver become apparent. In rats, serum ALR was elevated after intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide alone and in a model of gram-negative sepsis. Serum ALR increased before alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in endotoxemia and in the same general time frame as TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the bacterial sepsis model. Furthermore, mathematical prediction of tissue damage correlated strongly with alterations in serum ALR in a mouse model of hemorrhagic shock. In vitro, monomethyl sulfonate, TNF-alpha, actinomycin D and lipopolysaccharide all caused increased release of ALR from rat hepatocytes, which preceded the loss of cell viability and/or inhibition of DNA synthesis. ALR may thus serve as a potential diagnostic marker of hepatocellular stress and/or acute inflammatory conditions.

RGD Manual Disease Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
Endotoxemia  ISOGfer (Rattus norvegicus)9685733; 9685733 RGD 
Endotoxemia  IEP 9685733 RGD 
Hemorrhagic Shock  ISOGfer (Mus musculus)9685733; 9685733 RGD 
Hemorrhagic Shock  IEP 9685733 RGD 
Sepsis  ISOGfer (Rattus norvegicus)9685733; 9685733protein:increased expression:serum:RGD 
Sepsis  IEP 9685733protein:increased expression:serum:RGD 

Gene Ontology Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Gfer  (growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Gfer  (growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
GFER  (growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration)


Additional Information