Phosphorylation by the c-Abl protein tyrosine kinase inhibits parkin's ubiquitination and protective function. |
Authors: |
Ko, HS Lee, Y Shin, JH Karuppagounder, SS Gadad, BS Koleske, AJ Pletnikova, O Troncoso, JC Dawson, VL Dawson, TM
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Citation: |
Ko HS, etal., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Sep 21;107(38):16691-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1006083107. Epub 2010 Sep 7. |
RGD ID: |
8693409 |
Pubmed: |
PMID:20823226 (View Abstract at PubMed) |
PMCID: |
PMC2944759 (View Article at PubMed Central) |
DOI: |
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1006083107 (Journal Full-text) |
Mutations in PARK2/Parkin, which encodes a ubiquitin E3 ligase, cause autosomal recessive Parkinson disease (PD). Here we show that the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl phosphorylates tyrosine 143 of parkin, inhibiting parkin's ubiquitin E3 ligase activity and protective function. c-Abl is activated by dopaminergic stress and by dopaminergic neurotoxins, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) in vitro and in vivo by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), leading to parkin inactivation, accumulation of the parkin substrates aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-interacting multifunctional protein type 2 (AIMP2) (p38/JTV-1) and fuse-binding protein 1 (FBP1), and cell death. STI-571, a c-Abl-family kinase inhibitor, prevents the phosphorylation of parkin, maintaining parkin in a catalytically active and protective state. STI-571's protective effects require parkin, as shRNA knockdown of parkin prevents STI-571 protection. Conditional knockout of c-Abl in the nervous system also prevents the phosphorylation of parkin, the accumulation of its substrates, and subsequent neurotoxicity in response to MPTP intoxication. In human postmortem PD brain, c-Abl is active, parkin is tyrosine-phosphorylated, and AIMP2 and FBP1 accumulate in the substantia nigra and striatum. Thus, tyrosine phosphorylation of parkin by c-Abl is a major posttranslational modification that inhibits parkin function, possibly contributing to pathogenesis of sporadic PD. Moreover, inhibition of c-Abl may be a neuroprotective approach in the treatment of PD.
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