RGD Reference Report - TGF-beta, BMPS, and their signal transducing mediators, Smads, in rat fracture healing. - Rat Genome Database

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TGF-beta, BMPS, and their signal transducing mediators, Smads, in rat fracture healing.

Authors: Yu, Y  Yang, JL  Chapman-Sheath, PJ  Walsh, WR 
Citation: Yu Y, etal., J Biomed Mater Res 2002 Jun 5;60(3):392-7.
RGD ID: 724455
Pubmed: PMID:11920662   (View Abstract at PubMed)

Smads are cytoplasmic signal transducers of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Their relation to fracture healing is unknown. This study examined the temporal protein expression of Smads, together with TGF-beta and BMPs, using immunohistochemistry in a rodent fracture model. Over-expression of TGF-beta, BMPs-2, 4, and 7, common-mediator Smad (Smad4), and receptor-regulated Smads (Smads1, 2, 3, and 5) versus lower levels of inhibitory Smad (Smad6), were detected at day 3 in osteogenic cells in the thickened periosteum and bone marrow at the fracture sites. At day 10, Smad6 increased dramatically, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 remained elevated while Smad1 and Smad5 decreased in the fracture callus. Smad7 was expressed only in vascular endothelial cells. By day 28, when new bone had replaced the fracture callus, all the protein regulators decreased, approaching control levels. During fracture healing, the expression patterns of Smads1 and 5 were similar to that of BMPs-2 and 7 whereas the expression of Smads2 and 3 was parallel with that of TGF-beta. The Smad family, associated with BMPs and TGF-beta, may play an important role in the early stage of rat fracture healing.

RGD Manual Disease Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
Bone Fractures  ISOSmad6 (Rattus norvegicus)724455; 724455 RGD 
Bone Fractures  IEP 724455 RGD 

Gene Ontology Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
ossification  IEP 724455 RGD 
regulation of ossification  NAS 724455 RGD 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Smad5  (SMAD family member 5)
Smad6  (SMAD family member 6)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Smad6  (SMAD family member 6)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
SMAD6  (SMAD family member 6)

Objects referenced in this article
Gene Smad1 SMAD family member 1 Rattus norvegicus

Additional Information