RGD Reference Report - Key enzymes of the retinoid (visual) cycle in vertebrate retina. - Rat Genome Database

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Key enzymes of the retinoid (visual) cycle in vertebrate retina.

Authors: Kiser, PD  Golczak, M  Maeda, A  Palczewski, K 
Citation: Kiser PD, etal., Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012 Jan;1821(1):137-51. Epub 2011 Apr 5.
RGD ID: 6893650
Pubmed: PMID:21447403   (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID: PMC3158816   (View Article at PubMed Central)
DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.03.005   (Journal Full-text)

A major goal in vision research over the past few decades has been to understand the molecular details of retinoid processing within the retinoid (visual) cycle. This includes the consequences of side reactions that result from delayed all-trans-retinal clearance and condensation with phospholipids that characterize a variety of serious retinal diseases. Knowledge of the basic retinoid biochemistry involved in these diseases is essential for development of effective therapeutics. Photoisomerization of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore of rhodopsin triggers a complex set of metabolic transformations collectively termed phototransduction that ultimately lead to light perception. Continuity of vision depends on continuous conversion of all-trans-retinal back to the 11-cis-retinal isomer. This process takes place in a series of reactions known as the retinoid cycle, which occur in photoreceptor and RPE cells. All-trans-retinal, the initial substrate of this cycle, is a chemically reactive aldehyde that can form toxic conjugates with proteins and lipids. Therefore, much experimental effort has been devoted to elucidate molecular mechanisms of the retinoid cycle and all-trans-retinal-mediated retinal degeneration, resulting in delineation of many key steps involved in regenerating 11-cis-retinal. Three particularly important reactions are catalyzed by enzymes broadly classified as acyltransferases, short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases and carotenoid/retinoid isomerases/oxygenases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Retinoid and Lipid Metabolism.



Molecular Pathway Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

RGD Manual Annotations


  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
ABCA4Humanretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   TAS  RGD 
Abca4Ratretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISOABCA4 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Abca4Mouseretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISOABCA4 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
LRATHumanretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   TAS  RGD 
LratRatretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISOLRAT (Homo sapiens) RGD 
LratMouseretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISOLRAT (Homo sapiens) RGD 
RBP1Humanretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   TAS  RGD 
RBP3Humanretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   TAS  RGD 
RDH10Humanretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   TAS  RGD 
RDH11Humanretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   TAS  RGD 
RDH12Humanretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   TAS  RGD 
RDH5Humanretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   TAS  RGD 
RDH8Humanretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   TAS  RGD 
RPE65Humanretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   TAS  RGD 
Rbp1Ratretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORBP1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rbp1Mouseretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORBP1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rbp3Ratretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORBP3 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rbp3Mouseretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORBP3 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rdh10Ratretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORDH10 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rdh10Mouseretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORDH10 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rdh11Ratretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORDH11 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rdh11Mouseretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORDH11 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rdh12Ratretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORDH12 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rdh12Mouseretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORDH12 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rdh5Ratretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORDH5 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rdh5Mouseretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORDH5 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rdh8Ratretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORDH8 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rdh8Mouseretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORDH8 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rpe65Ratretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORPE65 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rpe65Mouseretinoid cycle metabolic pathway   ISORPE65 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Abca4  (ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4)
Lrat  (lecithin retinol acyltransferase)
Rbp1  (retinol binding protein 1)
Rbp3  (retinol binding protein 3)
Rdh10  (retinol dehydrogenase 10)
Rdh11  (retinol dehydrogenase 11)
Rdh12  (retinol dehydrogenase 12)
Rdh5  (retinol dehydrogenase 5)
Rdh8  (retinol dehydrogenase 8)
Rpe65  (retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Abca4  (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A member 4)
Lrat  (lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase))
Rbp1  (retinol binding protein 1, cellular)
Rbp3  (retinol binding protein 3, interstitial)
Rdh10  (retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans))
Rdh11  (retinol dehydrogenase 11)
Rdh12  (retinol dehydrogenase 12)
Rdh5  (retinol dehydrogenase 5)
Rdh8  (retinol dehydrogenase 8)
Rpe65  (retinal pigment epithelium 65)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
ABCA4  (ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4)
LRAT  (lecithin retinol acyltransferase)
RBP1  (retinol binding protein 1)
RBP3  (retinol binding protein 3)
RDH10  (retinol dehydrogenase 10)
RDH11  (retinol dehydrogenase 11)
RDH12  (retinol dehydrogenase 12)
RDH5  (retinol dehydrogenase 5)
RDH8  (retinol dehydrogenase 8)
RPE65  (retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65)


Additional Information