RGD Reference Report - Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. - Rat Genome Database

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Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels.

Authors: Kaupp, UB  Seifert, R 
Citation: Kaupp UB and Seifert R, Physiol Rev. 2002 Jul;82(3):769-824.
RGD ID: 6893549
Pubmed: PMID:12087135   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1152/physrev.00008.2002   (Journal Full-text)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are nonselective cation channels first identified in retinal photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). They are opened by the direct binding of cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP. Although their activity shows very little voltage dependence, CNG channels belong to the superfamily of voltage-gated ion channels. Like their cousins the voltage-gated K+ channels, CNG channels form heterotetrameric complexes consisting of two or three different types of subunits. Six different genes encoding CNG channels, four A subunits (A1 to A4) and two B subunits (B1 and B3), give rise to three different channels in rod and cone photoreceptors and in OSNs. Important functional features of these channels, i.e., ligand sensitivity and selectivity, ion permeation, and gating, are determined by the subunit composition of the respective channel complex. The function of CNG channels has been firmly established in retinal photoreceptors and in OSNs. Studies on their presence in other sensory and nonsensory cells have produced mixed results, and their purported roles in neuronal pathfinding or synaptic plasticity are not as well understood as their role in sensory neurons. Similarly, the function of invertebrate homologs found in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and Limulus is largely unknown, except for two subunits of C. elegans that play a role in chemosensation. CNG channels are nonselective cation channels that do not discriminate well between alkali ions and even pass divalent cations, in particular Ca2+. Ca2+ entry through CNG channels is important for both excitation and adaptation of sensory cells. CNG channel activity is modulated by Ca2+/calmodulin and by phosphorylation. Other factors may also be involved in channel regulation. Mutations in CNG channel genes give rise to retinal degeneration and color blindness. In particular, mutations in the A and B subunits of the CNG channel expressed in human cones cause various forms of complete and incomplete achromatopsia.



Molecular Pathway Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

RGD Manual Annotations


  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
CNGA1Humancalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
CNGA2Humancalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
CNGA3Humancalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
CNGA4Humancalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
CNGB1Humancalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
CNGB3Humancalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cnga1Mousecalcium transport pathway   ISOCnga1 (Rattus norvegicus) RGD 
Cnga1Ratcalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cnga2Ratcalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cnga2Mousecalcium transport pathway   ISOCnga2 (Rattus norvegicus) RGD 
Cnga3Mousecalcium transport pathway   ISOCnga3 (Rattus norvegicus) RGD 
Cnga3Ratcalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cnga4Ratcalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cnga4Mousecalcium transport pathway   ISOCnga4 (Rattus norvegicus) RGD 
Cngb1Ratcalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cngb1Mousecalcium transport pathway   ISOCngb1 (Rattus norvegicus) RGD 
Cngb3Mousecalcium transport pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cngb3Ratcalcium transport pathway   ISOCNGB3 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
CNGA1Humanvisual phototransduction pathway   TAS  RGD 
CNGA3Humanvisual phototransduction pathway   TAS  RGD 
CNGB1Humanvisual phototransduction pathway   TAS  RGD 
CNGB3Humanvisual phototransduction pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cnga1Ratvisual phototransduction pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cnga1Mousevisual phototransduction pathway   ISOCnga1 (Rattus norvegicus) RGD 
Cnga3Ratvisual phototransduction pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cnga3Mousevisual phototransduction pathway   ISOCnga3 (Rattus norvegicus) RGD 
Cngb1Ratvisual phototransduction pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cngb3Mousevisual phototransduction pathway   TAS  RGD 
Cngb3Ratvisual phototransduction pathway   ISOCNGB3 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Cnga1  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1)
Cnga2  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 2)
Cnga3  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 3)
Cnga4  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 4)
Cngb1  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit beta 1)
Cngb3  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit beta 3)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Cnga1  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 1)
Cnga2  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 2)
Cnga3  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 3)
Cnga4  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 4)
Cngb1  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 1)
Cngb3  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 3)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
CNGA1  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1)
CNGA2  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 2)
CNGA3  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 3)
CNGA4  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 4)
CNGB1  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit beta 1)
CNGB3  (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit beta 3)


Additional Information