RGD Reference Report - Vasoactive intestinal peptide in rats with focal cerebral ischemia enhances angiogenesis. - Rat Genome Database

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide in rats with focal cerebral ischemia enhances angiogenesis.

Authors: Yang, J  Zong, CH  Zhao, ZH  Hu, XD  Shi, QD  Xiao, XL  Liu, Y 
Citation: Yang J, etal., Neuroscience. 2009 Jun 30;161(2):413-21. Epub 2009 Mar 28.
RGD ID: 5685636
Pubmed: PMID:19332106   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.052   (Journal Full-text)

We studied the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on angiogenesis in the ischemic boundary area after focal cerebral ischemia. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h. A single dose of VIP was given via i.c.v. injection at the beginning of reperfusion. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to assay angiogenesis and brain levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein, respectively. In addition, the expression of VEGF and its receptors (flt-1 and flk-1), as well as endothelial proliferation, was measured using rat brain microvascular endothelial cells. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed significant (P<0.05) increases in the numbers of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) positive endothelial cells and microvessels at the boundary of the ischemic lesion in rats treated with VIP compared with rats treated with saline. Western blotting analysis showed that treatment with VIP significantly (P<0.05) raised VEGF levels in the ischemic hemisphere. In addition, treatment with VIP increased flt-1 and flk-1 immunoreactivity in endothelial cells. In vitro, incubation with VIP significantly (P<0.01) increased the proliferation of endothelial cells and induced the expression of VEGF, flt-1 and flk-1 in endothelial cells. The stimulatory effect of VIP on the proliferation of endothelial cells was significantly (P<0.01) inhibited by SU5416, a selective inhibitor of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase. Our data suggest that treatment with VIP enhances angiogenesis in the ischemic brain, and this effect may be mediated by increases in levels of VEGF and its receptors.

Gene Ontology Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation  IDA 5685636 RGD 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Vip  (vasoactive intestinal peptide)


Additional Information