RGD Reference Report - Transcription factor AP-2beta regulates the neurotransmitter phenotype and maturation of chromaffin cells. - Rat Genome Database

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Transcription factor AP-2beta regulates the neurotransmitter phenotype and maturation of chromaffin cells.

Authors: Hong, SJ  Huh, YH  Leung, A  Choi, HJ  Ding, Y  Kang, UJ  Yoo, SH  Buettner, R  Kim, KS 
Citation: Hong SJ, etal., Mol Cell Neurosci. 2011 Jan;46(1):245-51. Epub 2010 Sep 27.
RGD ID: 5147969
Pubmed: PMID:20875861   (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID: PMC3139976   (View Article at PubMed Central)
DOI: DOI:10.1016/j.mcn.2010.09.007   (Journal Full-text)

During development, sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells originate from bipotential sympathoadrenal (SA) progenitors arising from neural crests (NC) in the trunk regions. Recently, we showed that AP-2beta, a member of the AP2 family, plays a critical role in the development of sympathetic neurons and locus coeruleus and their norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmitter phenotype. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of AP-2beta in the development of NC-derived neuroendocrine chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and the epinephrine (EPI) phenotype determination. In support of its role in chromaffin cell development, AP-2beta is prominently expressed in both embryonic and adult adrenal medulla. In adrenal chromaffin cells of the AP-2beta(-/-) mouse, the expression levels of catecholamine biosynthesizing enzymes, dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase (PNMT), as well as the SA-specific transcription factor, Phox2b, are significantly reduced compared to wild type. In addition, ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that the formation of large secretory vesicles, a hallmark of differentiated chromaffin cells, is defective in AP-2beta(-/-) mice. Furthermore, the level of EPI content is largely diminished (>80%) in the adrenal gland of AP-2beta(-/-) mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays of rat adrenal gland showed that AP-2beta binds to the upstream promoter of the PNMT gene in vivo; strongly suggesting that it is a direct target gene. Overall, our data suggest that AP-2beta plays critical roles in the epinephrine phenotype and maturation of adrenal chromaffin cells.

Gene Ontology Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

Molecular Function
TermQualifierEvidenceWithReferenceNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
chromatin binding  IDA 5147969 RGD 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Tfap2b  (transcription factor AP-2 beta)


Additional Information