Heightened Innate Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of COVID-19 Patients.
Authors:
Zhou, Zhuo Ren, Lili Zhang, Li Zhong, Jiaxin Xiao, Yan Jia, Zhilong Guo, Li Yang, Jing Wang, Chun Jiang, Shuai Yang, Donghong Zhang, Guoliang Li, Hongru Chen, Fuhui Xu, Yu Chen, Mingwei Gao, Zhancheng Yang, Jian Dong, Jie Liu, Bo Zhang, Xiannian Wang, Weidong He, Kunlun Jin, Qi Li, Mingkun Wang, Jianwei
Citation:
Zhou Z, etal., Cell Host Microbe. 2020 Jun 10;27(6):883-890.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.017. Epub 2020 May 4.
RGD ID:
30296672
Pubmed:
PMID:32407669 (View Abstract at PubMed)
PMCID:
PMC7196896 (View Article at PubMed Central)
DOI:
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2020.04.017 (Journal Full-text)
The outbreaks of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection have posed a severe threat to global public health. It is unclear how the human immune system responds to this infection. Here, we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to profile immune signatures in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of eight COVID-19 cases. The expression of proinflammatory genes, especially chemokines, was markedly elevated in COVID-19 cases compared to community-acquired pneumonia patients and healthy controls, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes hypercytokinemia. Compared to SARS-CoV, which is thought to induce inadequate interferon (IFN) responses, SARS-CoV-2 robustly triggered expression of numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs exhibit immunopathogenic potential, with overrepresentation of genes involved in inflammation. The transcriptome data was also used to estimate immune cell populations, revealing increases in activated dendritic cells and neutrophils. Collectively, these host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection could further our understanding of disease pathogenesis and point toward antiviral strategies.
Objects Annotated
Genes (Homo sapiens)
ADM (adrenomedullin) AIDA (axin interactor, dorsalization associated) ANXA1 (annexin A1) ARHGAP12 (Rho GTPase activating protein 12) ARL5B (ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 5B) ASCC3 (activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 3) B4GALT5 (beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 5) BAG1 (BAG cochaperone 1) BET1 (Bet1 golgi vesicular membrane trafficking protein) C1GALT1 (core 1 synthase, glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta-galactosyltransferase 1) C3AR1 (complement C3a receptor 1) CAPZA2 (capping actin protein of muscle Z-line subunit alpha 2) CASP4 (caspase 4) CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) CCL20 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 20) CCL3 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 3) CCL4 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 4) CCL7 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 7) CCL8 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 8) CCR1 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 1) CCRL2 (C-C motif chemokine receptor like 2) CD2AP (CD2 associated protein) CHMP5 (charged multivesicular body protein 5) CIR1 (corepressor interacting with RBPJ, CIR1) CSF3R (colony stimulating factor 3 receptor) CSRNP1 (cysteine and serine rich nuclear protein 1) CXCL1 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1) CXCL10 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10) CXCL11 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11) CXCL16 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16) CXCL17 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 17) CXCL2 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2) CXCL6 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 6) CXCL8 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8) CXCR1 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1) CXCR2 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2) DAPP1 (dual adaptor of phosphotyrosine and 3-phosphoinositides 1)
DENND1B (DENN domain containing 1B) EIF4E3 (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E family member 3) ELF1 (E74 like ETS transcription factor 1) EPSTI1 (epithelial stromal interaction 1) FGL2 (fibrinogen like 2) FMR1 (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1) FOXN2 (forkhead box N2) FPR3 (formyl peptide receptor 3) GADD45B (growth arrest and DNA damage inducible beta) GCH1 (GTP cyclohydrolase 1) GPD2 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2) HBP1 (HMG-box transcription factor 1) IFIH1 (interferon induced with helicase C domain 1) IFIT1B (interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1B) IFIT2 (interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2) IFIT3 (interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3) IFITM2 (interferon induced transmembrane protein 2) IFITM3 (interferon induced transmembrane protein 3) IFNAR1 (interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1) IFNGR2 (interferon gamma receptor 2) IL10RA (interleukin 10 receptor subunit alpha) IL17RA (interleukin 17 receptor A) IL1B (interleukin 1 beta) IL1R1 (interleukin 1 receptor type 1) IL1R2 (interleukin 1 receptor type 2) IL1RN (interleukin 1 receptor antagonist) IL4 (interleukin 4) IL4R (interleukin 4 receptor) IL5RA (interleukin 5 receptor subunit alpha) IRF2 (interferon regulatory factor 2) IRF7 (interferon regulatory factor 7) ISG15 (ISG15 ubiquitin like modifier) KLF6 (KLF transcription factor 6) LYN (LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase) LYSMD2 (LysM domain containing 2) NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) NBN (nibrin)
NINJ1 (ninjurin 1) NME7 (NME/NM23 family member 7) NMI (N-myc and STAT interactor) OPTN (optineurin) OSM (oncostatin M) OSMR (oncostatin M receptor) P2RY14 (purinergic receptor P2Y14) PCGF5 (polycomb group ring finger 5) PHACTR2 (phosphatase and actin regulator 2) PHACTR4 (phosphatase and actin regulator 4) PLSCR1 (phospholipid scramblase 1) PMAIP1 (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1) PSMB8 (proteasome 20S subunit beta 8) RGS1 (regulator of G protein signaling 1) RNF138 (ring finger protein 138) RNF19B (ring finger protein 19B) RSAD2 (radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2) RSBN1L (round spermatid basic protein 1 like) SAMSN1 (SAM domain, SH3 domain and nuclear localization signals 1) SAT1 (spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1) SELL (selectin L) SLAMF7 (SLAM family member 7) SMCHD1 (structural maintenance of chromosomes flexible hinge domain containing 1) SNX10 (sorting nexin 10) SSB (small RNA binding exonuclease protection factor La) STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) TANK (TRAF family member associated NFKB activator) TMEM123 (transmembrane protein 123) TMEM60 (transmembrane protein 60) TMX1 (thioredoxin related transmembrane protein 1) TNFRSF13C (TNF receptor superfamily member 13C) TNFSF10 (TNF superfamily member 10) TNFSF12 (TNF superfamily member 12) TNFSF13B (TNF superfamily member 13b) ZFP36 (ZFP36 ring finger protein)
Additional Information