RGD Reference Report - Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. A mechanistic overview. - Rat Genome Database

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Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. A mechanistic overview.

Authors: Ghisla, S  Thorpe, C 
Citation: Ghisla S and Thorpe C, Eur J Biochem. 2004 Feb;271(3):494-508.
RGD ID: 2317589
Pubmed: PMID:14728676   (View Abstract at PubMed)

Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases constitute a family of flavoproteins that catalyze the alpha,beta-dehydrogenation of fatty acid acyl-CoA conjugates. While they differ widely in their specificity, they share the same basic chemical mechanism of alpha,beta-dehydrogenation. Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is probably the best-studied member of the class and serves as a model for the study of catalytic mechanisms. Based on medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase we discuss the main factors that bring about catalysis, promote specificity and determine the selective transfer of electrons to electron transferring flavoprotein. The mechanism of alpha,beta-dehydrogenation is viewed as a process in which the substrate alphaC-H and betaC-H bonds are ruptured concertedly, the first hydrogen being removed by the active center base Glu376-COO- as an H+, the second being transferred as a hydride to the flavin N(5) position. Hereby the pKa of the substrate alphaC-H is lowered from > 20 to approximately 8 by the effect of specific hydrogen bonds. Concomitantly, the pKa of Glu376-COO- is also raised to 8-9 due to the decrease in polarity brought about by substrate binding. The kinetic sequence of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is rather complex and involves several intermediates. A prominent one is the molecular complex of reduced enzyme with the enoyl-CoA product that is characterized by an intense charge transfer absorption and serves as the point of transfer of electrons to the electron transferring flavoprotein. These views are also discussed in the context of the accompanying paper on the three-dimensional properties of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases.



Molecular Pathway Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

RGD Manual Annotations


  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
ACAD9Humanfatty acid beta degradation pathway   TAS  RGD 
ACADLHumanfatty acid beta degradation pathway   TAS  RGD 
ACADMHumanfatty acid beta degradation pathway   TAS  RGD 
ACADSHumanfatty acid beta degradation pathway   TAS  RGD 
ACADVLHumanfatty acid beta degradation pathway   TAS  RGD 
Acad9Ratfatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOACAD9 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Acad9Mousefatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOACAD9 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
AcadlRatfatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOACADL (Homo sapiens) RGD 
AcadlMousefatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOACADL (Homo sapiens) RGD 
AcadmRatfatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOACADM (Homo sapiens) RGD 
AcadmMousefatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOACADM (Homo sapiens) RGD 
AcadsRatfatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOACADS (Homo sapiens) RGD 
AcadsMousefatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOACADS (Homo sapiens) RGD 
AcadvlRatfatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOACADVL (Homo sapiens) RGD 
AcadvlMousefatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOACADVL (Homo sapiens) RGD 
ETFAHumanfatty acid beta degradation pathway   TAS  RGD 
ETFBHumanfatty acid beta degradation pathway   TAS  RGD 
ETFDHHumanfatty acid beta degradation pathway   TAS  RGD 
EtfaRatfatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOETFA (Homo sapiens) RGD 
EtfaMousefatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOETFA (Homo sapiens) RGD 
EtfbRatfatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOETFB (Homo sapiens) RGD 
EtfbMousefatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOETFB (Homo sapiens) RGD 
EtfdhRatfatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOETFDH (Homo sapiens) RGD 
EtfdhMousefatty acid beta degradation pathway   ISOETFDH (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Acad9  (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family, member 9)
Acadl  (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long chain)
Acadm  (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain)
Acads  (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain)
Acadvl  (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain)
Etfa  (electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha)
Etfb  (electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta)
Etfdh  (electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Acad9  (acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase family, member 9)
Acadl  (acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, long-chain)
Acadm  (acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, medium chain)
Acads  (acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, short chain)
Acadvl  (acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, very long chain)
Etfa  (electron transferring flavoprotein, alpha polypeptide)
Etfb  (electron transferring flavoprotein, beta polypeptide)
Etfdh  (electron transferring flavoprotein, dehydrogenase)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
ACAD9  (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 9)
ACADL  (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain)
ACADM  (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain)
ACADS  (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain)
ACADVL  (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase very long chain)
ETFA  (electron transfer flavoprotein subunit alpha)
ETFB  (electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta)
ETFDH  (electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase)


Additional Information