RGD Reference Report - CART regulates islet hormone secretion and is expressed in the beta-cells of type 2 diabetic rats.

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CART regulates islet hormone secretion and is expressed in the beta-cells of type 2 diabetic rats.
Authors:	Wierup, N Bjorkqvist, M Kuhar, MJ Mulder, H Sundler, F
Citation:	Wierup N, etal., Diabetes. 2006 Feb;55(2):305-11.
RGD ID:	2313632
Pubmed:	PMID:16443761 (View Abstract at PubMed)
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is an anorexigenic peptide widely expressed in the central, peripheral, and enteric nervous systems. CART is also expressed in endocrine cells, including beta-cells during rat development and delta-cells of adult rats. We examined the effect of CART 55-102 on islet hormone secretion, using INS-1(832/13) cells and isolated rat islets. In addition, islet CART expression was examined in two rat models of type 2 diabetes: Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and dexamethasone (DEX)-treated rats. At high glucose, CART potentiated cAMP-enhanced insulin secretion via the cAMP/protein kinase A-dependent pathway. In the absence of cAMP-elevating agents, CART was without effect on INS-1 cells but modestly inhibited secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin from isolated islets. CART was markedly upregulated in the beta-cells of both diabetes models. Thus, in DEX-treated rats, islet CART mRNA expression, and the number of CART-immunoreactive beta-cells were 10-fold higher than in control rats. In GK rats, the relative number of CART-expressing beta-cells was 30-fold higher than in control rats. We conclude that CART is a regulator of islet hormone secretion and that CART is upregulated in the beta-cells of type 2 diabetic rats.

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Object Symbol	Species	Term	Qualifier	Evidence	With	Notes	Source	Original Reference(s)
CARTPT	Human	type 2 diabetes mellitus		ISO	Cartpt (Rattus norvegicus)	protein:increased expression:pancreatic B cell	RGD
Cartpt	Rat	type 2 diabetes mellitus		IEP		protein:increased expression:pancreatic B cell	RGD
Cartpt	Mouse	type 2 diabetes mellitus		ISO	Cartpt (Rattus norvegicus)	protein:increased expression:pancreatic B cell	RGD

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Biological Process

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Object Symbol	Species	Term	Qualifier	Evidence	With	Notes	Source	Original Reference(s)
Cartpt	Rat	negative regulation of glucagon secretion		IDA			RGD
Cartpt	Rat	regulation of insulin secretion		IDA			RGD
Cartpt	Rat	somatostatin secretion		IDA			RGD

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)

Cartpt (CART prepropeptide)

Genes (Mus musculus)

Cartpt (CART prepropeptide)

Genes (Homo sapiens)

CARTPT (CART prepropeptide)

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CART regulates islet hormone secretion and is expressed in the beta-cells of type 2 diabetic rats.