RGD Reference Report - Prevention of neural tube defects by loss of function of inducible nitric oxide synthase in fetuses of a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

General

Prevention of neural tube defects by loss of function of inducible nitric oxide synthase in fetuses of a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
Authors:	Sugimura, Y Murase, T Oyama, K Uchida, A Sato, N Hayasaka, S Kano, Y Takagishi, Y Hayashi, Y Oiso, Y Murata, Y
Citation:	Sugimura Y, etal., Diabetologia. 2009 May;52(5):962-71. Epub 2009 Mar 13.
RGD ID:	2313217
Pubmed:	PMID:19283362 (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI:	DOI:10.1007/s00125-009-1312-0 (Journal Full-text)
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Maternal diabetes during pregnancy increases the risk of congenital malformations such as neural tube defects (NTDs). Although the mechanism of this effect is uncertain, it is known that levels of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and nitric oxide are elevated in embryos of a mouse model of diabetes. We postulated that overproduction of nitric oxide causes diabetes-induced congenital malformations and that inhibition of inducible NOS (iNOS) might prevent diabetic embryopathy. METHODS: Mice were rendered hyperglycaemic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. The incidence of congenital malformations including NTDs was evaluated on gestational day 18.5. We assessed the involvement of iNOS in diabetes-induced malformation by administering ONO-1714, a specific inhibitor of iNOS, to pregnant mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and by screening mice with iNOS deficiency due to genetic knockout (iNos(-/-)). RESULTS: ONO-1714 markedly reduced the incidence of congenital anomalies, including NTDs, in fetuses of a mouse model of diabetes. It also prevented apoptosis in the head region of fetuses, indicating that iNOS is involved in diabetes-related congenital malformations. Indeed, no NTDs were observed in fetuses of diabetic iNos(-/-) mice and the incidence of other malformations was also markedly reduced. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We conclude that increased iNOS activity during organogenesis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced malformations and suggest that inhibitors of iNOS might help prevent malformations, especially NTDs, in diabetic pregnancy.

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Term	Qualifier	Evidence	With	Reference	Notes	Source	Original Reference(s)
Fetal Diseases		ISO	Nos2 (Mus musculus)	2313217; 2313217	associated with Diabetes Mellitus and Experimental	RGD
Fetal Diseases		IMP		2313217	associated with Diabetes Mellitus and Experimental	RGD

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)

Nos2 (nitric oxide synthase 2)

Genes (Mus musculus)

Nos2 (nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible)

Genes (Homo sapiens)

NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2)

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Prevention of neural tube defects by loss of function of inducible nitric oxide synthase in fetuses of a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.