RGD Reference Report - Role of insulin, adipocyte hormones, and nutrient-sensing pathways in regulating fuel metabolism and energy homeostasis: a nutritional perspective of diabetes, obesity, and cancer. - Rat Genome Database

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Role of insulin, adipocyte hormones, and nutrient-sensing pathways in regulating fuel metabolism and energy homeostasis: a nutritional perspective of diabetes, obesity, and cancer.

Authors: Marshall, S 
Citation: Marshall S Sci STKE. 2006 Aug 1;2006(346):re7.
RGD ID: 1625616
Pubmed: PMID:16885148   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1126/stke.3462006re7   (Journal Full-text)

Traditionally, nutrients such as glucose and amino acids have been viewed as substrates for the generation of high-energy molecules and as precursors for the biosynthesis of macromolecules. However, it is now apparent that nutrients also function as signaling molecules in functionally diverse signal transduction pathways. Glucose and amino acids trigger signaling cascades that regulate various aspects of fuel and energy metabolism and control the growth, proliferation, and survival of cells. Here, we provide a functional and regulatory overview of three well-established nutrient signaling pathways-the hexosamine signaling pathway, the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, and the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Nutrient signaling pathways are interconnected, coupled to insulin signaling, and linked to the release of metabolic hormones from adipose tissue. Thus, nutrient signaling pathways do not function in isolation. Rather, they appear to serve as components of a larger "metabolic regulatory network" that controls fuel and energy metabolism (at the cell, tissue, and whole-body levels) and links nutrient availability with cell growth and proliferation. Understanding the diverse roles of nutrients and delineating nutrient signaling pathways should facilitate drug discovery research and the search for novel therapeutic compounds to prevent and treat various human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer.



Molecular Pathway Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

RGD Manual Annotations


  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
EIF4EBP1HumanmTOR signaling pathway   TAS  RGD 
Eif4ebp1RatmTOR signaling pathway   ISOEIF4EBP1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Eif4ebp1MousemTOR signaling pathway   ISOEIF4EBP1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
MTORHumanmTOR signaling pathway   TAS  RGD 
MtorRatmTOR signaling pathway   ISOMTOR (Homo sapiens) RGD 
MtorMousemTOR signaling pathway   ISOMTOR (Homo sapiens) RGD 
RHEBHumanmTOR signaling pathway   TAS  RGD 
RICTORHumanmTOR signaling pathway   TAS  RGD 
RPS6KB1HumanmTOR signaling pathway   TAS  RGD 
RPS6KB2HumanmTOR signaling pathway   TAS  RGD 
RPTORHumanmTOR signaling pathway   TAS  RGD 
RhebRatmTOR signaling pathway   ISORHEB (Homo sapiens) RGD 
RhebMousemTOR signaling pathway   ISORHEB (Homo sapiens) RGD 
RictorRatmTOR signaling pathway   ISORICTOR (Homo sapiens) RGD 
RictorMousemTOR signaling pathway   ISORICTOR (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rps6kb1RatmTOR signaling pathway   ISORPS6KB1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rps6kb1MousemTOR signaling pathway   ISORPS6KB1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rps6kb2RatmTOR signaling pathway   ISORPS6KB2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Rps6kb2MousemTOR signaling pathway   ISORPS6KB2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
RptorRatmTOR signaling pathway   ISORPTOR (Homo sapiens) RGD 
RptorMousemTOR signaling pathway   ISORPTOR (Homo sapiens) RGD 
TSC1HumanmTOR signaling pathway   TAS  RGD 
TSC2HumanmTOR signaling pathway   TAS  RGD 
Tsc1RatmTOR signaling pathway   ISOTSC1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Tsc1MousemTOR signaling pathway   ISOTSC1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Tsc2RatmTOR signaling pathway   ISOTSC2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Tsc2MousemTOR signaling pathway   ISOTSC2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Tsc2_v1RatmTOR signaling pathway   ISOTSC2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Tsc2_v2RatmTOR signaling pathway   ISOTSC2 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Eif4ebp1  (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1)
Mtor  (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase)
Rheb  (Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding)
Rictor  (RPTOR independent companion of MTOR, complex 2)
Rps6kb1  (ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1)
Rps6kb2  (ribosomal protein S6 kinase B2)
Rptor  (regulatory associated protein of MTOR, complex 1)
Tsc1  (TSC complex subunit 1)
Tsc2  (TSC complex subunit 2)
Tsc2_v1  (TSC complex subunit 2, variant 1)
Tsc2_v2  (TSC complex subunit 2, variant 2)

Genes (Mus musculus)
Eif4ebp1  (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1)
Mtor  (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase)
Rheb  (Ras homolog enriched in brain)
Rictor  (RPTOR independent companion of MTOR, complex 2)
Rps6kb1  (ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1)
Rps6kb2  (ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 2)
Rptor  (regulatory associated protein of MTOR, complex 1)
Tsc1  (TSC complex subunit 1)
Tsc2  (TSC complex subunit 2)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
EIF4EBP1  (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1)
MTOR  (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase)
RHEB  (Ras homolog, mTORC1 binding)
RICTOR  (RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2)
RPS6KB1  (ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1)
RPS6KB2  (ribosomal protein S6 kinase B2)
RPTOR  (regulatory associated protein of MTOR complex 1)
TSC1  (TSC complex subunit 1)
TSC2  (TSC complex subunit 2)


Additional Information