RGD Reference Report - Biochemical characterization of the reverse activity of rat brain ceramidase. A CoA-independent and fumonisin B1-insensitive ceramide synthase. - Rat Genome Database

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Biochemical characterization of the reverse activity of rat brain ceramidase. A CoA-independent and fumonisin B1-insensitive ceramide synthase.

Authors: El Bawab, S  Birbes, H  Roddy, P  Szulc, Z M  Bielawska, A  Hannun, Y A 
Citation: El Bawab S, etal., J Biol Chem. 2001 May 18;276(20):16758-66. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M009331200. Epub 2001 Feb 8.
RGD ID: 13838803
Pubmed: PMID:11278489   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1074/jbc.M009331200   (Journal Full-text)

We have previously purified a membrane-bound ceramidase from rat brain and recently cloned the human homologue. We also observed that the same enzyme is able to catalyze the reverse reaction of ceramide synthesis. To obtain insight into the biochemistry of this enzyme, we characterized in this study this reverse activity. Using sphingosine and palmitic acid as substrates, the enzyme exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics; however, the enzyme did not utilize palmitoyl-CoA as substrate. Also, the activity was not inhibited in vitro and in cells by fumonisin B1, an inhibitor of the CoA-dependent ceramide synthase. The enzyme showed a narrow pH optimum in the neutral range, and there was very low activity in the alkaline range. Substrate specificity studies were performed, and the enzyme showed the highest activity with d-erythro-sphingosine (Km of 0.16 mol %, and Vmax of 0.3 micromol/min/mg), but d-erythro-dihydrosphingosine and the three unnatural stereoisomers of sphingosine were poor substrates. The specificity for the fatty acid was also studied, and the highest activity was observed for myristic acid with a Km of 1.7 mol % and a Vmax of 0.63 micromol/min/mg. Kinetic studies were performed to investigate the mechanism of the reaction, and Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated a sequential mechanism. Two competitive inhibitors of the two substrates were identified, l-erythro-sphingosine and myristaldehyde, and inhibition studies indicated that the reaction followed a random sequential mechanism. The effect of lipids were also tested. Most of these lipids showed moderate inhibition, whereas the effects of phosphatidic acid and cardiolipin were more potent with total inhibition at around 2.5-5 mol %. Paradoxically, cardiolipin stimulated ceramidase activity. These results define the biochemical characteristics of this reverse activity. The results are discussed in view of a possible regulation of this enzyme by the intracellular pH or by an interaction with cardiolipin and/or phosphatidic acid.



Gene Ontology Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process

  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
Asah2Ratceramide biosynthetic process involved_inIDA PMID:11278489UniProt 

Molecular Function

  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
Asah2RatN-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase activity enablesIDA PMID:11278489UniProt 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Asah2  (N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2)


Additional Information