RGD Reference Report - The critical role of the melanocortin system in the control of energy balance. - Rat Genome Database

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The critical role of the melanocortin system in the control of energy balance.

Authors: Seeley, RJ  Drazen, DL  Clegg, DJ 
Citation: Seeley RJ, etal., Annu Rev Nutr 2004;24:133-49.
RGD ID: 1357925
Pubmed: PMID:15189116   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132428   (Journal Full-text)

Animals have developed highly adaptive and redundant mechanisms to maintain energy balance by matching caloric intake to caloric expenditure. Recent evidence has pointed to a variety of peripheral signals that inform specific central nervous system (CNS) circuits about the status of peripheral energy stores as critical to the maintenance of energy balance. A critical component of these CNS circuits is the melanocortin system. Regulation of signaling by melanocortin 3 and melanocortin 4 receptors in the CNS is controlled via neuronal cell bodies in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus that synthesize melanocortin receptor agonists such as alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) or antagonists such as agouti-related protein (AgRP). The activity of these two populations of neurons is reciprocally regulated by a number of peripheral and central systems that influence energy balance. Further, increased melanocortin signaling via pharmacological or genetic means in the CNS causes potent reductions in food intake and weight loss. Decreased melanocortin signaling via pharmacological or genetic means results in increased food intake and weight gain. Reviewed here is the wide range of evidence that points to the melanocortin system as a critical node in the diverse neurocircuitry that regulates food intake and body weight.



RGD Manual Disease Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
POMCHumanHyperphagia  IAGP DNA:mutations:multiple (human)RGD 
PomcRatHyperphagia  ISOPOMC (Homo sapiens)DNA:mutations:multiple (human)RGD 
PomcMouseHyperphagia  ISOPOMC (Homo sapiens)DNA:mutations:multiple (human)RGD 
PCSK1Humanobesity  TAS  RGD 
POMCHumanobesity  IAGP DNA:mutations:multiple (human)RGD 
Pcsk1Ratobesity  ISOPCSK1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Pcsk1Mouseobesity  ISOPCSK1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
PomcMouseobesity  ISOPOMC (Homo sapiens)DNA:mutations:multiple (human)RGD 
PomcRatobesity  ISOPOMC (Homo sapiens)DNA:mutations:multiple (human)RGD 
SDC1Humanobesity  ISOSdc1 (Mus musculus) RGD 
Sdc1Ratobesity  ISOSdc1 (Mus musculus) RGD 
Sdc1Mouseobesity  TAS  RGD 

Molecular Pathway Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

RGD Manual Annotations


  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
MC4RHumanaltered energy homeostasis pathway  TAS  RGD 
Mc4rRataltered energy homeostasis pathway  ISS  RGD 
PomcRataltered energy homeostasis pathway  ISS  RGD 
AGRPHumanaltered melanocortin system pathway  TAS  RGD 
AgrpMousealtered melanocortin system pathway  ISOAGRP (Homo sapiens) RGD 
AgrpRataltered melanocortin system pathway  ISOAGRP (Homo sapiens) RGD 
MC4RHumanaltered melanocortin system pathway  TAS  RGD 
Mc4rMousealtered melanocortin system pathway  ISOMC4R (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Mc4rRataltered melanocortin system pathway  ISS  RGD 
PCSK1Humanaltered melanocortin system pathway  TAS  RGD 
POMCHumanaltered melanocortin system pathway  TAS  RGD 
Pcsk1Mousealtered melanocortin system pathway  ISOPCSK1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Pcsk1Rataltered melanocortin system pathway  ISOPCSK1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
PomcMousealtered melanocortin system pathway  ISOPOMC (Homo sapiens) RGD 
PomcRataltered melanocortin system pathway  ISS  RGD 
SDC1Humanaltered melanocortin system pathway  ISOSdc1 (Mus musculus) RGD 
Sdc1Mousealtered melanocortin system pathway  TAS  RGD 
Sdc1Rataltered melanocortin system pathway  ISOSdc1 (Mus musculus) RGD 
AGRPHumanmelanocortin system pathway   TAS  RGD 
ASIPHumanmelanocortin system pathway   ISOa (Mus musculus) RGD 
AgrpRatmelanocortin system pathway   ISOAGRP (Homo sapiens) RGD 
AgrpMousemelanocortin system pathway   ISOAGRP (Homo sapiens) RGD 
AsipRatmelanocortin system pathway   ISOa (Mus musculus) RGD 
MC4RHumanmelanocortin system pathway   TAS  RGD 
Mc4rMousemelanocortin system pathway   ISOMC4R (Homo sapiens) RGD 
PCSK1Humanmelanocortin system pathway   TAS  RGD 
POMCHumanmelanocortin system pathway   TAS  RGD 
Pcsk1Mousemelanocortin system pathway   ISOPCSK1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Pcsk1Ratmelanocortin system pathway   ISOPCSK1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
PomcMousemelanocortin system pathway   ISOPOMC (Homo sapiens) RGD 
PomcRatmelanocortin system pathway   ISOPOMC (Homo sapiens) RGD 
SDC1Humanmelanocortin system pathway   ISOSdc1 (Mus musculus) RGD 
SDC3Humanmelanocortin system pathway   TAS  RGD 
Sdc1Mousemelanocortin system pathway   TAS  RGD 
Sdc1Ratmelanocortin system pathway   ISOSdc1 (Mus musculus) RGD 
Sdc3Ratmelanocortin system pathway   ISOSDC3 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Sdc3Mousemelanocortin system pathway   ISOSDC3 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
aMousemelanocortin system pathway   TAS  RGD 
AGRPHumanobesity pathway  ISOAgrp (Mus musculus) RGD 
AgrpMouseobesity pathway  TAS  RGD 
AgrpRatobesity pathway  ISOAgrp (Mus musculus) RGD 
MC4RHumanobesity pathway  TAS  RGD 
Mc4rMouseobesity pathway  ISOMC4R (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Mc4rRatobesity pathway  ISOMC4R (Homo sapiens) RGD 
PCSK1Humanobesity pathway  TAS  RGD 
POMCHumanobesity pathway  TAS  RGD 
Pcsk1Mouseobesity pathway  ISOPCSK1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
Pcsk1Ratobesity pathway  ISOPCSK1 (Homo sapiens) RGD 
PomcMouseobesity pathway  ISOPOMC (Homo sapiens) RGD 
PomcRatobesity pathway  ISOPOMC (Homo sapiens) RGD 
SDC1Humanobesity pathway  ISOSdc1 (Mus musculus) RGD 
Sdc1Mouseobesity pathway  TAS  RGD 
Sdc1Ratobesity pathway  ISOSdc1 (Mus musculus) RGD 
Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Agrp  (agouti related neuropeptide)
Asip  (agouti signaling protein)
Mc4r  (melanocortin 4 receptor)
Pcsk1  (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1)
Pomc  (proopiomelanocortin)
Sdc1  (syndecan 1)
Sdc3  (syndecan 3)

Genes (Mus musculus)
a  (non-agouti)
Agrp  (agouti related neuropeptide)
Mc4r  (melanocortin 4 receptor)
Pcsk1  (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1)
Pomc  (pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha)
Sdc1  (syndecan 1)
Sdc3  (syndecan 3)

Genes (Homo sapiens)
AGRP  (agouti related neuropeptide)
ASIP  (agouti signaling protein)
MC4R  (melanocortin 4 receptor)
PCSK1  (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1)
POMC  (proopiomelanocortin)
SDC1  (syndecan 1)
SDC3  (syndecan 3)


Additional Information