RGD Reference Report - Changes in mitochondrial dynamics during ceramide-induced cardiomyocyte early apoptosis. - Rat Genome Database

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Changes in mitochondrial dynamics during ceramide-induced cardiomyocyte early apoptosis.

Authors: Parra, Valentina  Eisner, Veronica  Chiong, Mario  Criollo, Alfredo  Moraga, Francisco  Garcia, Alejandra  Härtel, Steffen  Jaimovich, Enrique  Zorzano, Antonio  Hidalgo, Cecilia  Lavandero, Sergio 
Citation: Parra V, etal., Cardiovasc Res. 2008 Jan 15;77(2):387-97. Epub 2007 Oct 4.
RGD ID: 12738362
Pubmed: PMID:18006463   (View Abstract at PubMed)
DOI: DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvm029   (Journal Full-text)


AIMS: In cells, mitochondria are organized as a network of interconnected organelles that fluctuate between fission and fusion events (mitochondrial dynamics). This process is associated with cell death. We investigated whether activation of apoptosis with ceramides affects mitochondrial dynamics and promotes mitochondrial fission in cardiomyocytes.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were incubated with C(2)-ceramide or the inactive analog dihydro-C(2)-ceramide for up to 6 h. Three-dimensional images of cells loaded with mitotracker green were obtained by confocal microscopy. Dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1) and mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1) distribution and levels were studied by immunofluorescence and western blot. Mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) and cytochrome c (cyt c) distribution were used as indexes of early activation of apoptosis. Cell viability and DNA fragmentation were determined by propidium iodide staining/flow cytometry, whereas cytotoxicity was evaluated by lactic dehydrogenase activity. To decrease the levels of the mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin 2, we used an antisense adenovirus (AsMfn2). C(2)-ceramide, but not dihydro-C(2)-ceramide, promoted rapid fragmentation of the mitochondrial network in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. C(2)-ceramide also increased mitochondrial Drp-1 and Fis1 content, Drp-1 colocalization with Fis1, and caused early activation of apoptosis. AsMfn2 accentuated the decrease in DeltaPsi(m) and cyt c redistribution induced by C(2)-ceramide. Doxorubicin, which induces cardiomyopathy and apoptosis through ceramide generation, also stimulated mitochondrial fragmentation.
CONCLUSION: Ceramides stimulate mitochondrial fission and this event is associated with early activation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.



Gene Ontology Annotations    Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process

  
Object SymbolSpeciesTermQualifierEvidenceWithNotesSourceOriginal Reference(s)
Dnm1lRatcellular response to lipid  IEP C2-ceramideRGD 
Fis1Ratcellular response to lipid  IEP C2-ceramideRGD 
Mfn2Ratmitochondrion organization  IMP  RGD 
Mfn2Ratnegative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria  IMP  RGD 
Mfn2Ratpositive regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential  IMP  RGD 

Objects Annotated

Genes (Rattus norvegicus)
Dnm1l  (dynamin 1-like)
Fis1  (fission, mitochondrial 1)
Mfn2  (mitofusin 2)


Additional Information