Twist1 (twist family bHLH transcription factor 1) - Rat Genome Database
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Gene: Twist1 (twist family bHLH transcription factor 1) Rattus norvegicus
Analyze
Symbol: Twist1
Name: twist family bHLH transcription factor 1
RGD ID: 621455
Description: Predicted to have several functions, including DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific; E-box binding activity; and protein homodimerization activity. Involved in several processes, including animal organ development; positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; and roof of mouth development. Localizes to nucleus. Biomarker of pulmonary hypertension. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in Saethre-Chotzen syndrome; Sweeney-Cox syndrome; acrocephalosyndactylia; and craniosynostosis. Orthologous to human TWIST1 (twist family bHLH transcription factor 1); PARTICIPATES IN hypoxia inducible factor pathway; INTERACTS WITH 6-propyl-2-thiouracil; ammonium chloride; benzo[a]pyrene.
Type: protein-coding
RefSeq Status: VALIDATED
Also known as: Twist; twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1; twist gene homolog 1; twist gene homolog 1 (Drosophila); twist gene homolog, (Drosophila); twist homolog 1; twist homolog 1 (Drosophila); twist-related protein 1
RGD Orthologs
Human
Mouse
Chinchilla
Bonobo
Squirrel
Pig
Green Monkey
Naked Mole-Rat
Alliance Genes
More Info more info ...
Latest Assembly: Rnor_6.0 - RGSC Genome Assembly v6.0
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
Rnor_6.0653,401,241 - 53,403,235 (+)NCBIRnor6.0Rnor_6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl653,401,109 - 53,403,214 (+)EnsemblRnor6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_5.0663,023,523 - 63,025,517 (+)NCBIRnor5.0Rnor_5.0rn5Rnor5.0
RGSC_v3.4652,605,869 - 52,607,863 (+)NCBIRGSC3.4rn4RGSC3.4
RGSC_v3.1652,609,172 - 52,609,784 (+)NCBI
Celera649,841,416 - 49,843,227 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map6q16NCBI
JBrowse: View Region in Genome Browser (JBrowse)
Model


Gene-Chemical Interaction Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
(S)-nicotine  (ISO)
17beta-estradiol  (ISO)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine  (ISO)
2-ethylhexan-1-ol  (ISO)
4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol  (ISO)
4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)butan-1-one  (ISO)
4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide  (ISO)
6-propyl-2-thiouracil  (EXP)
7,12-dimethyltetraphene  (ISO)
afimoxifene  (ISO)
aflatoxin B1  (ISO)
all-trans-retinoic acid  (ISO)
ammonium chloride  (EXP)
anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one  (ISO)
arsane  (ISO)
arsenic atom  (ISO)
arsenite(3-)  (ISO)
belinostat  (ISO)
benzo[a]pyrene  (EXP,ISO)
bisphenol A  (EXP,ISO)
bisphenol F  (ISO)
cadmium dichloride  (ISO)
calcitriol  (ISO)
choline  (ISO)
chromium(6+)  (ISO)
cisplatin  (ISO)
cobalt dichloride  (ISO)
coumestrol  (ISO)
crizotinib  (ISO)
dexamethasone  (ISO)
diallyl trisulfide  (ISO)
dieckol  (ISO)
dioxygen  (ISO)
dorsomorphin  (ISO)
doxorubicin  (ISO)
endosulfan  (ISO)
Enterolactone  (ISO)
erlotinib hydrochloride  (ISO)
finasteride  (EXP)
flurbiprofen  (ISO)
folic acid  (ISO)
fonofos  (ISO)
gefitinib  (ISO)
isobutanol  (ISO)
L-methionine  (ISO)
losartan  (ISO)
malathion  (ISO)
melatonin  (ISO)
mercury dibromide  (ISO)
methylmercury chloride  (ISO)
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea  (ISO)
N-methyl-N-nitrosourea  (EXP)
Niclosamide  (ISO)
nicotine  (ISO)
osimertinib  (ISO)
oxaliplatin  (EXP)
p-chloromercuribenzoic acid  (ISO)
Pachymic acid  (ISO)
panobinostat  (ISO)
paracetamol  (ISO)
parathion  (ISO)
phenylmercury acetate  (ISO)
pirinixic acid  (ISO)
poly(I:C)  (EXP)
progesterone  (ISO)
quercetin  (EXP,ISO)
SB 203580  (ISO)
SB 431542  (ISO)
serpentine asbestos  (ISO)
sodium arsenite  (ISO)
sorafenib  (ISO)
sunitinib  (ISO)
Swertiamarin  (EXP)
terbufos  (ISO)
testosterone  (EXP)
tetraethylenepentamine  (ISO)
thymoquinone  (ISO)
topotecan  (EXP)
tributylstannane  (ISO)
trichostatin A  (ISO)
undecane  (EXP)
valproic acid  (ISO)
vorinostat  (ISO)
zearalenone  (ISO)

Gene Ontology Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process
aortic valve morphogenesis  (ISO)
bone development  (IEP)
cardiac neural crest cell development involved in outflow tract morphogenesis  (ISO)
cardiac neural crest cell migration involved in outflow tract morphogenesis  (ISO)
cell differentiation  (ISO)
cell proliferation involved in heart valve development  (ISO)
cellular response to growth factor stimulus  (IEP)
cellular response to hypoxia  (ISO)
cranial suture morphogenesis  (ISO)
developmental process  (IBA)
embryonic camera-type eye formation  (ISO)
embryonic cranial skeleton morphogenesis  (ISO)
embryonic digit morphogenesis  (ISO)
embryonic forelimb morphogenesis  (ISO)
embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis  (ISO)
embryonic limb morphogenesis  (ISO)
embryonic skeletal system morphogenesis  (ISO)
endocardial cushion morphogenesis  (ISO)
eyelid development in camera-type eye  (ISO)
hindlimb morphogenesis  (ISO)
in utero embryonic development  (ISO)
mitral valve morphogenesis  (ISO)
negative regulation of apoptotic process  (IDA,IMP,ISO)
negative regulation of cell differentiation  (ISO)
negative regulation of cellular senescence  (ISO)
negative regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator  (ISO)
negative regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity  (ISO)
negative regulation of double-strand break repair  (ISO)
negative regulation of histone acetylation  (ISO)
negative regulation of histone phosphorylation  (ISO)
negative regulation of molecular function  (ISO)
negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation  (ISO)
negative regulation of oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler activity  (ISO)
negative regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway  (ISO)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling  (ISO)
negative regulation of skeletal muscle tissue development  (ISO)
negative regulation of striated muscle tissue development  (ISO)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  (ISO)
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated  (ISO)
negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production  (ISO)
neural tube closure  (ISO)
neuron migration  (ISO)
odontogenesis  (IEP)
ossification  (ISO)
osteoblast differentiation  (ISO)
positive regulation of cell motility  (ISO)
positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription, initiation  (ISO)
positive regulation of endocardial cushion to mesenchymal transition involved in heart valve formation  (ISO)
positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation  (IMP)
positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition  (ISO)
positive regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation  (ISO)
positive regulation of gene expression  (ISO)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production  (ISO)
positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production  (ISO)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  (ISO)
positive regulation of transcription regulatory region DNA binding  (ISO)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production  (ISO)
regulation of bone mineralization  (ISO)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  (IBA)
roof of mouth development  (IEP)

Cellular Component
chromatin  (IBA)
nucleus  (IDA,ISO)

Molecular Pathway Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
References

Additional References at PubMed
PMID:7664846   PMID:7729687   PMID:7958419   PMID:8889548   PMID:8988167   PMID:9520323   PMID:10567574   PMID:10700192   PMID:10749989   PMID:11350121   PMID:12142027   PMID:12175489  
PMID:12221714   PMID:12270142   PMID:12477932   PMID:14645221   PMID:15030764   PMID:15162501   PMID:15545268   PMID:16100003   PMID:16502419   PMID:16831897   PMID:16888803   PMID:17003487  
PMID:17070479   PMID:17332324   PMID:17332325   PMID:17690110   PMID:17893140   PMID:18297062   PMID:18539270   PMID:19345188   PMID:19597909   PMID:20007935   PMID:20804746   PMID:24011070  
PMID:25981568   PMID:30938209   PMID:31539631  


Genomics

Comparative Map Data
Twist1
(Rattus norvegicus - Norway rat)
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
Rnor_6.0653,401,241 - 53,403,235 (+)NCBIRnor6.0Rnor_6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl653,401,109 - 53,403,214 (+)EnsemblRnor6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_5.0663,023,523 - 63,025,517 (+)NCBIRnor5.0Rnor_5.0rn5Rnor5.0
RGSC_v3.4652,605,869 - 52,607,863 (+)NCBIRGSC3.4rn4RGSC3.4
RGSC_v3.1652,609,172 - 52,609,784 (+)NCBI
Celera649,841,416 - 49,843,227 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map6q16NCBI
TWIST1
(Homo sapiens - human)
Human AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCh38.p13 Ensembl719,020,991 - 19,117,636 (-)EnsemblGRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh38719,113,047 - 19,117,636 (-)NCBIGRCh38GRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh37719,039,315 - 19,157,295 (-)NCBIGRCh37GRCh37hg19GRCh37
Build 36719,121,616 - 19,123,820 (-)NCBINCBI36hg18NCBI36
Build 34718,928,330 - 18,930,265NCBI
Celera719,134,693 - 19,136,894 (-)NCBI
Cytogenetic Map7p21.1NCBI
HuRef719,039,766 - 19,041,695 (-)NCBIHuRef
CHM1_1719,155,871 - 19,158,073 (-)NCBICHM1_1
CRA_TCAGchr7v2719,206,542 - 19,208,746 (-)NCBI
Twist1
(Mus musculus - house mouse)
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCm391234,007,670 - 34,009,830 (+)NCBIGRCm39mm39
GRCm381233,957,671 - 33,959,831 (+)NCBIGRCm38GRCm38mm10GRCm38
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl1233,957,671 - 33,959,829 (+)EnsemblGRCm38mm10GRCm38
MGSCv371234,642,536 - 34,644,696 (+)NCBIGRCm37mm9NCBIm37
MGSCv361234,542,918 - 34,545,078 (+)NCBImm8
Celera1235,391,139 - 35,393,299 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map12A3NCBI
cM Map1214.81NCBI
Twist1
(Chinchilla lanigera - long-tailed chinchilla)
Chinchilla AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
ChiLan1.0NW_00495541022,003,981 - 22,005,483 (-)NCBIChiLan1.0ChiLan1.0
TWIST1
(Pan paniscus - bonobo/pygmy chimpanzee)
Bonobo AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
PanPan1.1719,086,842 - 19,088,398 (-)NCBIpanpan1.1PanPan1.1panPan2
Mhudiblu_PPA_v0719,761,041 - 19,765,665 (-)NCBIMhudiblu_PPA_v0panPan3
Twist1
(Ictidomys tridecemlineatus - thirteen-lined ground squirrel)
Squirrel AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
SpeTri2.0NW_0049365465,331,220 - 5,332,669 (-)NCBISpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0
TWIST1
(Sus scrofa - pig)
Pig AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
Sscrofa11.1988,286,911 - 88,290,131 (-)NCBISscrofa11.1Sscrofa11.1susScr11Sscrofa11.1
Sscrofa10.2997,326,044 - 97,329,330 (-)NCBISscrofa10.2Sscrofa10.2susScr3
TWIST1
(Chlorocebus sabaeus - African green monkey)
Vervet AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
ChlSab1.1 Ensembl2139,040,547 - 39,041,146 (+)Ensembl
ChlSab1.12139,040,178 - 39,042,384 (+)NCBI
Twist1
(Heterocephalus glaber - naked mole-rat)
Molerat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
HetGla 1.0NW_00462473911,352,040 - 11,354,019 (+)NCBI

Position Markers
M63649  
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceJBrowse
Rnor_6.0653,402,607 - 53,402,794NCBIRnor6.0
Rnor_5.0663,024,889 - 63,025,076UniSTSRnor5.0
RGSC_v3.4652,607,235 - 52,607,422UniSTSRGSC3.4
Celera649,842,599 - 49,842,786UniSTS
Cytogenetic Map6q16UniSTS
Twist  
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceJBrowse
Rnor_6.0653,401,747 - 53,402,086NCBIRnor6.0
Rnor_5.0663,024,029 - 63,024,368UniSTSRnor5.0
RGSC_v3.4652,606,375 - 52,606,714UniSTSRGSC3.4
Celera649,841,739 - 49,842,078UniSTS
Cytogenetic Map6q16UniSTS


QTLs in Region (Rnor_6.0)
The following QTLs overlap with this region.    Full Report CSV TAB Printer Gviewer
RGD IDSymbolNameLODP ValueTraitSub TraitChrStartStopSpecies
2301972Bp325Blood pressure QTL 3254.8arterial blood pressure trait (VT:2000000)systolic blood pressure (CMO:0000004)6175623393Rat
1354664Slep2Serum leptin concentration QTL 24.49blood leptin amount (VT:0005667)serum leptin level (CMO:0000780)6112039375023446Rat
1576309Emca7Estrogen-induced mammary cancer QTL 74mammary gland integrity trait (VT:0010552)mammary tumor number (CMO:0000343)62537030111715717Rat
1578665Bss16Bone structure and strength QTL 164.4femur morphology trait (VT:0000559)bone trabecular cross-sectional area (CMO:0002311)6616172276002731Rat
1578668Bmd14Bone mineral density QTL 143.8femur mineral mass (VT:0010011)total volumetric bone mineral density (CMO:0001728)6616172276002731Rat
4145119Mcs25Mammary carcinoma susceptibility QTL 250.0001mammary gland integrity trait (VT:0010552)ratio of deaths to total study population during a period of time (CMO:0001023)67009971115379601Rat
634322Bw12Body weight QTL 120body mass (VT:0001259)body weight (CMO:0000012)71017386255173862Rat
1300164Rf15Renal function QTL 153.12renal blood flow trait (VT:2000006)absolute change in renal blood flow rate (CMO:0001168)61312295857516539Rat
10401812Kidm54Kidney mass QTL 54kidney mass (VT:0002707)both kidneys wet weight (CMO:0000085)61681010761810107Rat
10401800Kidm49Kidney mass QTL 49kidney mass (VT:0002707)both kidneys wet weight (CMO:0000085)61681010761810107Rat
8552910Pigfal5Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 level QTL 54.3blood insulin-like growth factor amount (VT:0010479)plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 level (CMO:0001299)61941788764417887Rat
1641898Colcr4Colorectal carcinoma resistance QTL43.710.0007intestine integrity trait (VT:0010554)well differentiated malignant colorectal tumor surface area measurement (CMO:0002077)62151530265784818Rat
2293839Kiddil2Kidney dilation QTL 24.8kidney pelvis morphology trait (VT:0004194)hydronephrosis severity score (CMO:0001208)62204285484763421Rat
2293841Kiddil4Kidney dilation QTL 44.4kidney pelvis morphology trait (VT:0004194)hydronephrosis severity score (CMO:0001208)62204285484763421Rat
8693632Alc27Alcohol consumption QTL 272.20.791drinking behavior trait (VT:0001422)calculated ethanol drink intake rate (CMO:0001615)63425776653855198Rat
1300143Rf14Renal function QTL 142.92renal blood flow trait (VT:2000006)absolute change in renal blood flow rate (CMO:0001168)63436743680490628Rat
1331779Rf38Renal function QTL 382.876kidney blood vessel physiology trait (VT:0100012)absolute change in renal vascular resistance (CMO:0001900)63499565675623393Rat
634318Bw118Body weight QTL 1183.55abdominal fat pad mass (VT:1000711)abdominal fat pad weight (CMO:0000088)63626028860606186Rat
6893340Cm77Cardiac mass QTL 770.260.57heart mass (VT:0007028)heart weight to body weight ratio (CMO:0000074)63626028884763275Rat
1354632Scl29Serum cholesterol level QTL 293.74blood cholesterol amount (VT:0000180)serum total cholesterol level (CMO:0000363)63760898075023446Rat
634307Bp141Blood pressure QTL 1414arterial blood pressure trait (VT:2000000)systolic blood pressure (CMO:0000004)63810630883106308Rat
70199Coreg1Compensatory renal growth QTL 111.8kidney mass (VT:0002707)compensatory renal growth score (CMO:0001894)63819641260606431Rat
9590290Uminl2Urine mineral level QTL 23.960.001urine mineral amount (VT:0015086)urine electrolyte level (CMO:0000593)64167904686679046Rat
9590306Scort18Serum corticosterone level QTL 182.880.001blood corticosterone amount (VT:0005345)plasma corticosterone level (CMO:0001173)64167904686679046Rat
9590140Scort4Serum corticosterone level QTL 414.490.001blood corticosterone amount (VT:0005345)plasma corticosterone level (CMO:0001173)64167904686679046Rat
634330Pia16Pristane induced arthritis QTL 163.9joint integrity trait (VT:0010548)arthritic paw count (CMO:0001460)648432758108268790Rat

miRNA Target Status

Predicted Target Of
Summary Value
Count of predictions:409
Count of miRNA genes:207
Interacting mature miRNAs:248
Transcripts:ENSRNOT00000014763
Prediction methods:Microtar, Miranda, Rnahybrid, Targetscan
Result types:miRGate_prediction

The detailed report is available here: Full Report CSV TAB Printer

miRNA Target Status data imported from miRGate (http://mirgate.bioinfo.cnio.es/).
For more information about miRGate, see PMID:25858286 or access the full paper here.


Expression


RNA-SEQ Expression
High: > 1000 TPM value   Medium: Between 11 and 1000 TPM
Low: Between 0.5 and 10 TPM   Below Cutoff: < 0.5 TPM

alimentary part of gastrointestinal system circulatory system endocrine system exocrine system hemolymphoid system hepatobiliary system integumental system musculoskeletal system nervous system renal system reproductive system respiratory system appendage
High
Medium 12 6 6 6 8 10 32
Low 3 31 17 2 16 2 7 10 65 25 8 9 7
Below cutoff 33 32 3 32 1 1 1 1 2 1

Sequence


Reference Sequences
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSRNOT00000014763   ⟹   ENSRNOP00000014763
RefSeq Status:
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl653,401,109 - 53,403,214 (+)Ensembl
RefSeq Acc Id: NM_053530   ⟹   NP_445982
RefSeq Status: VALIDATED
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
Rnor_6.0653,401,241 - 53,403,235 (+)NCBI
Rnor_5.0663,023,523 - 63,025,517 (+)NCBI
RGSC_v3.4652,605,869 - 52,607,863 (+)RGD
Celera649,841,416 - 49,843,227 (+)NCBI
Sequence:
Protein Sequences
Protein RefSeqs NP_445982 (Get FASTA)   NCBI Sequence Viewer  
GenBank Protein AAF73469 (Get FASTA)   NCBI Sequence Viewer  
  AAI66412 (Get FASTA)   NCBI Sequence Viewer  
  CAC20861 (Get FASTA)   NCBI Sequence Viewer  
Reference Sequences
RefSeq Acc Id: NP_445982   ⟸   NM_053530
- UniProtKB: Q9EPJ1 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
- Sequence:
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSRNOP00000014763   ⟸   ENSRNOT00000014763
Protein Domains
bHLH

Transcriptome

eQTL   View at Phenogen
WGCNA   View at Phenogen
Tissue/Strain Expression   View at Phenogen

Promoters
RGD ID:13694553
Promoter ID:EPDNEW_R5078
Type:single initiation site
Name:Twist1_1
Description:twist family bHLH transcription factor 1
SO ACC ID:SO:0000170
Source:EPDNEW (Eukaryotic Promoter Database, http://epd.vital-it.ch/)
Experiment Methods:Single-end sequencing.
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
Rnor_6.0653,401,096 - 53,401,156EPDNEW

Strain Variation

Strain Sequence Variants (Rnor 6.0)
ACI/EurMcwi (MCW)
Visual CSV TAB Printer
Sequenced By: Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA v0.7.7 and GATK v3.2-2
Breeder: Medical College of Wisconsin
Description: Provided by the Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
ACI/EurMcwi (RGD)
Visual CSV TAB Printer
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
ACI/N (MCW)
Visual CSV TAB Printer
Sequenced By: Royal Netherland Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dr. Edwin Cuppen)
Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (Dr. Norbert Huebner)
Platform: SOLiD 4 and 5500
Secondary Analysis: liftOver (Batch Coordinate Conversion)--genome.ucsc.edu
Breeder: National Institutes of Health
Description: Founder strain for the heterogeneous stock (HS) rat population; SNPs from the RGSC 3.4 assembly were "lifted over" from RGSC 3.4 to Rnor 5.0 and from Rnor 5.0 to Rnor 6.0; Provided by Medical College of Wisconsin
BBDP/Wor (RGD)
Visual CSV TAB Printer
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
BN/SsN (MCW)
Visual CSV TAB Printer
Sequenced By: Royal Netherland Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dr. Edwin Cuppen)
Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (Dr. Norbert Huebner)
Platform: SOLiD 4 and 5500
Secondary Analysis: liftOver (Batch Coordinate Conversion)--genome.ucsc.edu
Breeder: National Institutes of Health
Description: Founder strain for the heterogeneous stock (HS) rat population; SNPs from the RGSC 3.4 assembly were "lifted over" from RGSC 3.4 to Rnor 5.0 and from Rnor 5.0 to Rnor 6.0; Provided by Medical College of Wisconsin
Buf/N (MCW)
Visual CSV TAB Printer
Sequenced By: Royal Netherland Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dr. Edwin Cuppen)
Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (Dr. Norbert Huebner)
Platform: SOLiD 4 and 5500
Secondary Analysis: liftOver (Batch Coordinate Conversion)--genome.ucsc.edu
Breeder: National Institutes of Health
Description: Founder strain for the heterogeneous stock (HS) rat population; SNPs from the RGSC 3.4 assembly were "lifted over" from RGSC 3.4 to Rnor 5.0 and from Rnor 5.0 to Rnor 6.0; Provided by Medical College of Wisconsin
COP/CrCrl (MCW & UW)
Visual CSV TAB Printer
Sequenced By: Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
University of Wisconsin (Dr. James Shull)
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA v0.7.7 and GATK v3.2-2
Breeder: Charles River Laboratories
Description: Provided by the Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob) and UW Madison (Dr. James Shull)
F344/NCrl (RGD)
Visual CSV TAB Printer
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
F344/NRrrc (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Royal Netherland Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dr. Edwin Cuppen)
Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (Dr. Norbert Huebner)
Platform: SOLiD 4 and 5500
Secondary Analysis: liftOver (Batch Coordinate Conversion)--genome.ucsc.edu
Breeder: National Institutes of Health
Description: Founder strain for the heterogeneous stock (HS) rat population; SNPs from the RGSC 3.4 assembly were "lifted over" from RGSC 3.4 to Rnor 5.0 and from Rnor 5.0 to Rnor 6.0; Provided by Medical College of Wisconsin
FHH/EurMcwi (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA v0.7.7 and GATK v3.2-2
Breeder: Medical College of Wisconsin
Description: Provided by the Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
FHH/EurMcwi (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
FHL/EurMcwi (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA v0.7.7 and GATK v3.2-2
Breeder: Medical College of Wisconsin
Description: Provided by the Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
FHL/EurMcwi (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
GH/OmrMcwi (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA v0.7.7 and GATK v3.2-2
Breeder: Medical College of Wisconsin
Description: Provided by the Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
GK/Ox (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
LE/Stm (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
LEW/Crl (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
LEW/NCrlBR (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
LH/MavRrrc (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
LL/MavRrrc (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
LN/MavRrrc (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
M520/N (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Royal Netherland Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dr. Edwin Cuppen)
Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (Dr. Norbert Huebner)
Platform: SOLiD 4 and 5500
Secondary Analysis: liftOver (Batch Coordinate Conversion)--genome.ucsc.edu
Breeder: National Institutes of Health
Description: Founder strain for the heterogeneous stock (HS) rat population; SNPs from the RGSC 3.4 assembly were "lifted over" from RGSC 3.4 to Rnor 5.0 and from Rnor 5.0 to Rnor 6.0; Provided by Medical College of Wisconsin
MHS/Gib (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
MNS/Gib (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
MR/N (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Royal Netherland Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dr. Edwin Cuppen)
Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (Dr. Norbert Huebner)
Platform: SOLiD 4 and 5500
Secondary Analysis: liftOver (Batch Coordinate Conversion)--genome.ucsc.edu
Breeder: National Institutes of Health
Description: Founder strain for the heterogeneous stock (HS) rat population; SNPs from the RGSC 3.4 assembly were "lifted over" from RGSC 3.4 to Rnor 5.0 and from Rnor 5.0 to Rnor 6.0; Provided by Medical College of Wisconsin
SBH/Ygl (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA v0.7.7 and GATK v3.2-2
Breeder: Medical College of Wisconsin
Description: SBH/Ygl sequenced by MCW
SBH/Ygl (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
SBN/Ygl (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA v0.7.7 and GATK v3.2-2
Breeder: Medical College of Wisconsin
Description: SBN/Ygl sequenced by MCW
SBN/Ygl (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
SHR/NHsd (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
SHRSP/Gcrc (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
SR/JrHsd (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA v0.7.7 and GATK v3.2-2
Breeder: Harlan Laboratories
Description: Provided by the Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
SR/JrHsd (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
SS/Jr (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
SS/JrHsdMcwi (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA v0.7.7 and GATK v3.2-2
Breeder: Medical College of Wisconsin
Description: Provided by the Medical College of Wisconsin (Dr. Howard Jacob)
SS/JrHsdMcwi (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
WAG/Rij (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
WKY/Gcrc (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
WKY/N (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Royal Netherland Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dr. Edwin Cuppen)
Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (Dr. Norbert Huebner)
Platform: SOLiD 4 and 5500
Secondary Analysis: liftOver (Batch Coordinate Conversion)--genome.ucsc.edu
Breeder: National Institutes of Health
Description: Founder strain for the heterogeneous stock (HS) rat population; SNPs from the RGSC 3.4 assembly were "lifted over" from RGSC 3.4 to Rnor 5.0 and from Rnor 5.0 to Rnor 6.0; Provided by Medical College of Wisconsin
WKY/NCrl (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
WKY/NHsd (RGD)
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Platform: Illumina HiSeq 2000
Secondary Analysis: BWA mem 0.7.15, GATK v.3.6-0
Description: Sequences from Atanur et al and Hermsen et al realigned to the Rnor 6.0 assembly and reanalyzed by RGD
WN/N (MCW)
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Sequenced By: Royal Netherland Academy of Arts and Sciences (Dr. Edwin Cuppen)
Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine (Dr. Norbert Huebner)
Platform: SOLiD 4 and 5500
Secondary Analysis: liftOver (Batch Coordinate Conversion)--genome.ucsc.edu
Breeder: National Institutes of Health
Description: Founder strain for the heterogeneous stock (HS) rat population; SNPs from the RGSC 3.4 assembly were "lifted over" from RGSC 3.4 to Rnor 5.0 and from Rnor 5.0 to Rnor 6.0; Provided by Medical College of Wisconsin

Additional Information

Database Acc Id Source(s)
AGR Gene RGD:621455 AgrOrtholog
Ensembl Genes ENSRNOG00000011101 Ensembl, ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Ensembl Protein ENSRNOP00000014763 ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Ensembl Transcript ENSRNOT00000014763 ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Gene3D-CATH 4.10.280.10 UniProtKB/TrEMBL
IMAGE_CLONE IMAGE:9033082 IMAGE-MGC_LOAD
InterPro HLH_DNA-bd_sf UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  HLH_DNA_bd UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  Twist-related UniProtKB/TrEMBL
KEGG Report rno:85489 UniProtKB/TrEMBL
MGC_CLONE MGC:187265 IMAGE-MGC_LOAD
NCBI Gene 85489 ENTREZGENE
PANTHER PTHR23349:SF64 UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Pfam HLH UniProtKB/TrEMBL
PharmGKB TWIST1 RGD
PhenoGen Twist1 PhenoGen
PROSITE HLH UniProtKB/TrEMBL
SMART HLH UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Superfamily-SCOP HLH_basic UniProtKB/TrEMBL
UniGene Rn.161904 ENTREZGENE
UniProt Q9EPJ1 ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/TrEMBL


Nomenclature History
Date Current Symbol Current Name Previous Symbol Previous Name Description Reference Status
2013-11-11 Twist1  twist family bHLH transcription factor 1  Twist1  twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1  Nomenclature updated to reflect human and mouse nomenclature 1299863 APPROVED
2013-01-02 Twist1  twist basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 1  Twist1  twist homolog 1 (Drosophila)  Nomenclature updated to reflect human and mouse nomenclature 1299863 APPROVED
2008-11-11 Twist1  twist homolog 1 (Drosophila)  Twist1  twist gene homolog 1 (Drosophila)  Nomenclature updated to reflect human and mouse nomenclature 1299863 APPROVED
2005-01-20 Twist1  twist gene homolog 1 (Drosophila)  Twist  twist gene homolog, (Drosophila)  Symbol and Name updated 1299863 APPROVED
2002-08-07 Twist  twist gene homolog, (Drosophila)      Symbol and Name status set to provisional 70820 PROVISIONAL