Pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog) - Rat Genome Database

Send us a Message
Submit Data |  Help |  Video Tutorials |  News |  Publications |  Download |  REST API |  Citing RGD |  Contact   
Search RGD Grant Resources Citing RGD About Us Contact Us
Genes Variants Community Projects QTLs Strains Markers Genome Information Ontologies Cell Lines References Download Submit Data
OntoMate (Literature Search) JBrowse (Genome Browser) Synteny Browser (VCMap) Variant Visualizer Multi-Ontology Enrichment (MOET) Gene-Ortholog Location Finder (GOLF) InterViewer (Protein-Protein Interactions) PhenoMiner (Quatitative Phenotypes) Gene Annotator OLGA (Gene List Generator) AllianceMine GViewer (Genome Viewer)
Aging & Age-Related Disease Cancer & Neoplastic Disease Cardiovascular Disease Coronavirus Disease Developmental Disease Diabetes Hematologic Disease Immune & Inflammatory Disease Infectious Disease Liver Disease Neurological Disease Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome Renal Disease Respiratory Disease Sensory Organ Disease
Find Models Genetic Models Autism Models Rat PhenoMiner (Quantitative Phenotypes) Chinchilla PhenoMiner Expected Ranges (Quantitative Phenotype) PhenoMiner Term Comparison Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel Phenotypes Phenotypes in Other Animal Models Animal Husbandry Strain Medical Records Phylogenetics Strain Availability Calendar Rats 101 Submissions Photo Archive
Pathways
Rat Community Forum Directory of Rat Laboratories Video Tutorials News RGD Publications RGD Presentations Archive Nomenclature Guidelines Resource Links Laboratory Resources Employment Resources
Advanced Search (OLGA)
Gene: Pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog) Rattus norvegicus
Analyze
Symbol: Pten
Name: phosphatase and tensin homolog
RGD ID: 61995
Description: Enables several functions, including PDZ domain binding activity; phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity; and signaling receptor binding activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to peptide hormone stimulus; dephosphorylation; and negative regulation of developmental growth. Located in dendritic spine and postsynaptic membrane. Is active in postsynaptic cytosol. Used to study portal hypertension and substance-related disorder. Biomarker of several diseases, including acute myocardial infarction; glucose metabolism disease (multiple); liver disease (multiple); retinal disease (multiple); and transient cerebral ischemia. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (multiple); breast cancer (multiple); liver disease (multiple); nervous system cancer (multiple); and reproductive organ cancer (multiple). Orthologous to human PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog); PARTICIPATES IN altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway; altered phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt signaling pathway; endometrial cancer pathway; INTERACTS WITH (+)-pilocarpine; (R)-noradrenaline; (S)-nicotine.
Type: protein-coding
RefSeq Status: VALIDATED
Previously known as: inositol polyphosphate 3-phosphatase; Mmac; MMAC1; mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1; phosphatase and tensin homolog (mutated in multiple advanced cancers 1); phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN; phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN; protein tyrosine phosphatase and tensin-like protein; TEP1
RGD Orthologs
Human
Mouse
Chinchilla
Bonobo
Dog
Squirrel
Pig
Green Monkey
Naked Mole-Rat
Alliance Orthologs
More Info more info ...
Allele / Splice: Ptenem1Sage  
Genetic Models: SD-Ptenem1Sage
Latest Assembly: mRatBN7.2 - mRatBN7.2 Assembly
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCr81240,043,707 - 240,110,330 (+)NCBIGRCr8
mRatBN7.21230,630,443 - 230,697,070 (+)NCBImRatBN7.2mRatBN7.2
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl1230,630,338 - 230,696,838 (+)EnsemblmRatBN7.2 Ensembl
UTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx1239,010,509 - 239,075,549 (+)NCBIRnor_SHRUTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx
UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.01245,940,213 - 246,005,253 (+)NCBIRnor_SHRSPUTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0
UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.01238,778,317 - 238,843,363 (+)NCBIRnor_WKYUTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0
Rnor_6.01251,421,814 - 251,487,634 (+)NCBIRnor6.0Rnor_6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl1251,421,596 - 251,487,832 (+)EnsemblRnor6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_5.01258,651,829 - 258,717,009 (+)NCBIRnor5.0Rnor_5.0rn5Rnor5.0
RGSC_v3.41236,771,027 - 236,837,261 (+)NCBIRGSC3.4RGSC_v3.4rn4RGSC3.4
RGSC_v3.11236,935,049 - 237,001,284 (+)NCBI
Celera1227,746,622 - 227,812,108 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map1q52NCBI
JBrowse: View Region in Genome Browser (JBrowse)
Model


Disease Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
acute lymphoblastic leukemia  (ISS)
acute megakaryocytic leukemia  (ISO)
acute myocardial infarction  (IEP,ISO)
adenocarcinoma  (ISO)
adenoid cystic carcinoma  (ISO)
angiomyolipoma  (ISO)
anisometropia  (ISO)
asthma  (ISO)
Ataxia  (ISO)
autism spectrum disorder  (ISO,ISS)
autistic disorder  (ISO)
bacterial pneumonia  (ISO)
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome  (ISO,ISS)
biliary atresia  (ISO)
bladder squamous cell carcinoma  (ISO)
brain disease  (ISS)
Brain Neoplasms  (ISO)
breast cancer  (ISO)
Breast Cancer, Familial  (ISO)
breast carcinoma  (ISO)
Breast Neoplasms  (ISO)
carcinoma  (ISO)
Cardiomegaly  (IEP,ISO)
Cardiovascular Abnormalities  (ISO)
cataract  (ISO)
cerebral cavernous malformation  (ISO)
cervix uteri carcinoma in situ  (ISO)
Chlamydiaceae Infections  (ISO)
cholangiocarcinoma  (ISO)
colon cancer  (ISO)
colon carcinoma  (ISO)
colorectal cancer  (ISO)
Colorectal Neoplasms  (ISO)
Congenital Hypomyelinating Neuropathy  (ISO)
Cowden syndrome  (ISO,ISS)
Cowden syndrome 4  (ISO)
Craniofacial Abnormalities  (ISO)
developmental coordination disorder  (ISO)
Developmental Disabilities  (ISO)
diabetes mellitus  (IEP)
Diabetic Nephropathies  (IEP)
diabetic retinopathy  (IEP)
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma  (ISO)
disease of cellular proliferation  (ISO)
Disease Progression  (ISO)
Ductal Carcinoma  (ISO)
dysplastic nevus syndrome  (ISO)
endometrial adenocarcinoma  (ISO)
endometrial cancer  (ISS)
endometrial carcinoma  (ISO)
endometrial hyperplasia  (ISO)
Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia  (ISO)
Endometrial Neoplasms  (ISO)
Endometrioid Carcinomas  (ISO)
epilepsy  (ISO)
Epstein-Barr virus infectious disease  (ISO)
esophageal cancer  (ISO)
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms  (ISO)
Experimental Melanoma  (ISO)
familial melanoma  (ISO)
familial meningioma  (ISO)
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder  (IEP)
Follicular Thyroid Cancer  (ISO)
follicular thyroid carcinoma  (ISO,ISS)
gastric adenocarcinoma  (ISO)
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms  (ISO)
Generalized Epilepsy  (ISO)
genetic disease  (ISO)
glioblastoma  (ISO)
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma  (ISO)
Helicobacter Infections  (ISO)
hemangioma  (ISO)
hemangiopericytoma  (ISO)
Hemimegalencephaly  (ISO)
hepatitis B  (ISO)
hepatocellular adenoma  (ISO)
hepatocellular carcinoma  (IEP,ISO,ISS)
Hepatomegaly  (ISO)
hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome  (ISO)
Hereditary Neoplastic Syndromes  (ISO)
high grade glioma  (ISO)
hyperinsulinism  (IEP)
hypertension  (ISO)
Hypertrophy  (ISO)
in situ carcinoma  (ISO)
Insulin Resistance  (IDA,ISO)
intellectual disability  (ISO)
intermediate coronary syndrome  (ISO)
intestinal pseudo-obstruction  (ISS)
Intimal Hyperplasia  (ISO)
intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma  (ISO)
juvenile polyposis syndrome  (ISO)
Language Development Disorders  (ISO)
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy  (IDA,IEP)
leiomyoma  (ISO)
leukemia  (ISO)
lipoma  (ISO)
lipomatosis  (ISO)
liver cirrhosis  (ISO)
long QT syndrome  (ISO)
lung adenocarcinoma  (ISO)
Lung Neoplasms  (ISO)
lung non-small cell carcinoma  (ISO)
lung oat cell carcinoma  (ISO)
lung small cell carcinoma  (ISO)
lung squamous cell carcinoma  (ISO)
Lymphatic Metastasis  (ISO)
lymphoma  (ISO)
Macrocephaly  (ISO)
macrocephaly-autism syndrome  (ISO,ISS)
major depressive disorder  (ISO)
melanoma  (ISO)
meningioma  (ISO)
metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease  (ISO)
Mouth Neoplasms  (ISO)
Multiple Abnormalities  (ISO)
muscular dystrophy  (ISO)
myeloproliferative neoplasm  (ISO)
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
Neoplasm Invasiveness  (ISO)
Neoplasm Metastasis  (ISO)
Neoplastic Cell Transformation  (ISO)
Nerve Sheath Neoplasms  (ISO)
Nervous System Malformations  (ISO)
Neurodevelopmental Disorders  (ISO)
Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines  (ISO)
oral squamous cell carcinoma  (ISO)
osteochondrodysplasia  (ISO)
ovarian cancer  (ISO)
Ovarian Neoplasms  (ISO)
ovarian serous carcinoma  (ISO)
pancreatic cancer  (ISO)
papillary tumor of the pineal region  (ISO)
papillomavirus infectious disease  (ISO)
peripheral nervous system neoplasm  (ISO)
persistent fetal circulation syndrome  (ISS)
Pneumococcal Pneumonia  (ISO)
polydactyly  (ISO)
portal hypertension  (IDA)
prostate adenocarcinoma  (ISO)
prostate cancer  (ISO,ISS)
Prostate Cancer, Hereditary, 1  (ISO)
Prostate Cancer, Somatic  (ISO)
prostate carcinoma in situ  (ISO)
prostatic hypertrophy  (ISO)
Prostatic Neoplasms  (ISO)
Proteus syndrome  (ISO)
Pseudomonas Infections  (ISO)
PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome  (ISO)
renal cell carcinoma  (IEP,ISO)
Renal Cell Carcinoma 1  (ISO)
Reperfusion Injury  (IMP,ISO)
retinitis pigmentosa  (IEP)
rhabdomyosarcoma  (ISO)
schizophrenia  (ISO)
Septic Peritonitis  (ISO)
Sezary's disease  (ISO)
silicosis  (ISO)
skin disease  (ISO)
skin melanoma  (ISO)
Skin Neoplasms  (ISO)
skin squamous cell carcinoma  (ISO)
Spinal Cord Injuries  (IEP)
sporadic breast cancer  (ISO)
squamous cell carcinoma  (ISO)
steatotic liver disease  (IEP,ISO,ISS)
stomach cancer  (ISO)
stomach disease  (IEP)
substance-related disorder  (IMP)
Thyroid Neoplasms  (ISO)
transient cerebral ischemia  (IEP)
transitional cell carcinoma  (ISO)
urinary bladder cancer  (ISO,ISS)
uterine cancer  (ISO)
uterine carcinosarcoma  (ISO)
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms  (ISO)
uterine corpus cancer  (ISO)
visual epilepsy  (ISO)
X-linked VACTERL association  (ISO)

Gene-Chemical Interaction Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
(+)-pilocarpine  (EXP)
(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate  (ISO)
(1->4)-beta-D-glucan  (ISO)
(R)-noradrenaline  (EXP)
(S)-naringenin  (ISO)
(S)-nicotine  (EXP)
1,2-dimethylhydrazine  (ISO)
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine  (ISO)
15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2  (ISO)
17alpha-ethynylestradiol  (EXP,ISO)
17beta-estradiol  (EXP,ISO)
17beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one  (ISO)
1H-pyrazole  (ISO)
2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl  (EXP,ISO)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine  (EXP,ISO)
2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile  (ISO)
2-acetamidofluorene  (EXP)
2-butoxyethanol  (ISO)
2-methylcholine  (ISO)
2-tert-butylhydroquinone  (ISO)
2-trans,6-trans,10-trans-geranylgeranyl diphosphate  (EXP)
3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A  (EXP)
3,3'-diindolylmethane  (EXP)
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine  (ISO)
3-chloropropane-1,2-diol  (EXP)
3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine  (ISO)
3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione  (EXP)
4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide  (ISO)
4-nitrophenol  (ISO)
4-nonylphenol  (EXP)
5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine  (ISO)
5-azacytidine  (ISO)
5-fluorouracil  (ISO)
5-methoxypsoralen  (ISO)
9-cis-retinoic acid  (ISO)
acrylamide  (EXP)
aflatoxin B1  (ISO)
AICA ribonucleotide  (ISO)
aldehydo-D-glucose  (ISO)
all-trans-retinoic acid  (ISO)
allyl isothiocyanate  (ISO)
ammonium chloride  (EXP,ISO)
anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one  (ISO)
antimycin A  (ISO)
antirheumatic drug  (ISO)
aristolochic acid A  (ISO)
arsane  (ISO)
arsenic atom  (ISO)
arsenite(3-)  (ISO)
arsenous acid  (ISO)
astaxanthin  (ISO)
atorvastatin calcium  (EXP)
benomyl  (EXP)
benzene  (EXP)
benzo[a]pyrene  (ISO)
benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide I  (ISO)
Benzo[ghi]perylene  (ISO)
berberine  (ISO)
bicalutamide  (ISO)
bilirubin IXalpha  (ISO)
biliverdin  (ISO)
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (EXP,ISO)
bisphenol A  (EXP,ISO)
Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether  (ISO)
Bisphenol B  (ISO)
bisphenol F  (ISO)
bleomycin A2  (ISO)
Butylbenzyl phthalate  (ISO)
cadmium atom  (ISO)
cadmium dichloride  (EXP,ISO)
calciol  (ISO)
camptothecin  (ISO)
cannabidiol  (ISO)
cantharidin  (ISO)
carbamazepine  (ISO)
carbon monoxide  (ISO)
carbon nanotube  (ISO)
carnosic acid  (ISO)
celastrol  (EXP)
chloroquine  (ISO)
chlorpyrifos  (ISO)
choline  (ISO)
ciglitazone  (EXP)
ciguatoxin CTX1B  (ISO)
cilostazol  (EXP,ISO)
cisplatin  (ISO)
cladribine  (ISO)
clodronic acid  (ISO)
cobalt dichloride  (EXP,ISO)
cocaine  (ISO)
copper atom  (ISO)
copper(0)  (ISO)
copper(II) sulfate  (ISO)
corticosterone  (ISO)
coumestrol  (ISO)
crocidolite asbestos  (ISO)
cucurbitacin E  (ISO)
curcumin  (ISO)
cycloheximide  (ISO)
cytarabine  (ISO)
D-glucitol  (EXP,ISO)
D-glucose  (ISO)
dactolisib  (ISO)
daunorubicin  (ISO)
deoxynivalenol  (ISO)
dexamethasone  (ISO)
dextran sulfate  (ISO)
diarsenic trioxide  (ISO)
diazinon  (EXP,ISO)
dibenzo[a,l]pyrene  (ISO)
Dibutyl phosphate  (ISO)
dibutyl phthalate  (EXP,ISO)
diclofenac  (ISO)
dicrotophos  (ISO)
dieldrin  (ISO)
diethylstilbestrol  (EXP,ISO)
digitoxin  (ISO)
dimethylarsinic acid  (EXP)
dioxygen  (ISO)
disulfiram  (ISO)
dorsomorphin  (ISO)
doxorubicin  (EXP,ISO)
EHT 1864  (ISO)
endosulfan  (EXP)
enzyme inhibitor  (ISO)
ethanol  (EXP,ISO)
ethyl methanesulfonate  (ISO)
etoposide  (ISO)
fenhexamid  (ISO)
ferulic acid  (EXP)
flavanone  (ISO)
fludioxonil  (ISO)
flutamide  (EXP)
folic acid  (ISO)
formaldehyde  (ISO)
fructose  (EXP)
fulvestrant  (ISO)
gallic acid  (ISO)
gefitinib  (EXP)
gemcitabine  (ISO)
genistein  (ISO)
geraniol  (EXP)
ginsenoside Rg1  (ISO)
glucose  (ISO)
glufosinate  (ISO)
gossypetin  (ISO)
graphene oxide  (ISO)
hemin  (ISO)
hesperetin  (EXP)
hexadecanoic acid  (EXP)
hydrogen peroxide  (ISO)
hydroxyflutamide  (EXP)
indometacin  (ISO)
isoprenaline  (EXP,ISO)
ketoconazole  (EXP)
L-methionine  (ISO)
lactucin  (ISO)
lead(0)  (ISO)
leflunomide  (ISO)
linsidomine  (EXP)
lipopolysaccharide  (EXP,ISO)
lovastatin  (EXP,ISO)
lupeol  (EXP,ISO)
luteolin  (EXP)
LY294002  (EXP,ISO)
maculosin  (ISO)
malonaldehyde  (ISO)
mercury dichloride  (ISO)
metformin  (EXP)
methamphetamine  (EXP)
methidathion  (ISO)
methotrexate  (ISO)
methoxychlor  (EXP)
methyl methanesulfonate  (ISO)
methylarsonic acid  (EXP,ISO)
methylmercury chloride  (EXP,ISO)
methylmercury(1+)  (EXP,ISO)
methylseleninic acid  (ISO)
mevinphos  (EXP)
microcystin-LR  (ISO)
mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (ISO)
morin  (EXP)
N-acetyl-L-cysteine  (EXP,ISO)
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal  (EXP,ISO)
N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine  (EXP)
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea  (ISO)
N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium  (ISO)
N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine  (EXP,ISO)
N-methyl-N-nitrosourea  (ISO)
N-nitrosodiethylamine  (EXP,ISO)
nefazodone  (EXP)
nickel dichloride  (ISO)
nickel sulfate  (ISO)
niclosamide  (ISO)
nicotine  (EXP)
Nonylphenol  (EXP)
ochratoxin A  (ISO)
oleanolic acid  (ISO)
omacetaxine mepesuccinate  (ISO)
orlistat  (ISO)
osthole  (ISO)
oxybenzone  (ISO)
paclitaxel  (ISO)
paracetamol  (EXP,ISO)
paraquat  (EXP)
paxilline  (ISO)
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid  (ISO)
perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid  (ISO)
perfluorooctanoic acid  (ISO)
peroxynitrous acid  (EXP)
phenobarbital  (EXP,ISO)
PhIP  (ISO)
phosphatidylcholine  (ISO)
phosphatidylethanolamine  (ISO)
pifithrin-?  (ISO)
pioglitazone  (ISO)
pirinixic acid  (ISO)
plumbagin  (EXP)
potassium iodide  (EXP)
procymidone  (EXP)
progesterone  (EXP,ISO)
propofol  (ISO)
prostaglandin E2  (EXP)
quartz  (ISO)
quercetin  (EXP,ISO)
reactive oxygen species  (ISO)
resorcinol  (ISO)
resveratrol  (ISO)
rimonabant  (EXP)
rivastigmine  (EXP)
rotenone  (ISO)
rutin  (ISO)
S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine  (ISO)
SB 203580  (ISO)
SB 431542  (ISO)
silicon dioxide  (ISO)
simvastatin  (ISO)
sirolimus  (EXP,ISO)
sodium arsenate  (EXP,ISO)
sodium arsenite  (EXP,ISO)
sodium fluoride  (ISO)
streptozocin  (EXP)
sunitinib  (ISO)
tamoxifen  (ISO)
tert-butyl hydroperoxide  (ISO)
testosterone  (EXP,ISO)
Tetrachlorobisphenol A  (ISO)
tetrachloromethane  (EXP)
tetracycline  (ISO)
thalidomide  (ISO)
thymoquinone  (ISO)
titanium dioxide  (ISO)
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate  (ISO)
tributylstannane  (ISO)
Tributyltin oxide  (ISO)
trichloroethene  (EXP)
trichostatin A  (ISO)
triphenyl phosphate  (EXP,ISO)
Triptolide  (ISO)
trovafloxacin  (ISO)
tubastatin A  (ISO)
urethane  (ISO)
valproic acid  (EXP,ISO)
veliparib  (ISO)
vinclozolin  (EXP)
vinyl carbamate  (ISO)
vorinostat  (ISO)
WIN 55212-2  (EXP)
wortmannin  (EXP,ISO)
zearalenone  (ISO)
zinc atom  (ISO)
zinc sulfate  (EXP,ISO)
zinc(0)  (ISO)

Gene Ontology Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process
adult behavior  (ISO)
angiogenesis  (ISO)
apoptotic process  (IEA,ISO)
B cell proliferation  (ISO)
brain morphogenesis  (ISO)
canonical Wnt signaling pathway  (ISO)
cardiac muscle tissue development  (ISO)
cell migration  (ISO)
cell motility  (IBA)
cell population proliferation  (ISO)
cellular response to decreased oxygen levels  (ISO)
cellular response to electrical stimulus  (ISO)
cellular response to ethanol  (IDA)
cellular response to hypoxia  (ISO)
cellular response to insulin stimulus  (IDA)
cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus  (IDA)
cellular response to leptin stimulus  (IMP)
cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus  (IEP)
cellular response to sorbitol  (IEP)
central nervous system development  (ISO)
central nervous system myelin maintenance  (ISO)
central nervous system neuron axonogenesis  (ISO)
chromatin remodeling  (IEA)
dendritic spine morphogenesis  (ISO)
dentate gyrus development  (ISO)
endothelial cell migration  (ISO)
forebrain morphogenesis  (ISO)
gene expression  (ISO)
heart development  (ISO)
inositol phosphate catabolic process  (IDA)
learning or memory  (ISO)
locomotor rhythm  (ISO)
locomotory behavior  (ISO)
long-term synaptic depression  (IMP)
long-term synaptic potentiation  (ISO)
male mating behavior  (ISO)
maternal behavior  (ISO)
memory  (IMP)
multicellular organismal response to stress  (ISO)
myelination  (ISO)
negative regulation of androgen receptor signaling pathway  (ISO)
negative regulation of apoptotic process  (IMP,ISO)
negative regulation of axon regeneration  (ISO)
negative regulation of axonogenesis  (ISO)
negative regulation of B cell proliferation  (ISO)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell proliferation  (IMP,ISO)
negative regulation of cell cycle  (IMP)
negative regulation of cell cycle G1/S phase transition  (ISO)
negative regulation of cell migration  (ISO)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation  (IDA,IEA,ISO)
negative regulation of cell size  (ISO)
negative regulation of cellular senescence  (ISO)
negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity  (ISO)
negative regulation of defense response to bacterium  (IMP)
negative regulation of dendrite extension  (IMP)
negative regulation of dendritic spine morphogenesis  (ISO)
negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation  (ISO)
negative regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition  (ISO)
negative regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential  (ISO)
negative regulation of focal adhesion assembly  (ISO)
negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle  (ISO)
negative regulation of keratinocyte migration  (ISO)
negative regulation of myelination  (ISO)
negative regulation of neuron projection development  (IDA)
negative regulation of organ growth  (ISO)
negative regulation of osteoblast differentiation  (ISO)
negative regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation  (ISO)
negative regulation of phagocytosis  (IMP)
negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction  (ISO)
negative regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity  (IMP)
negative regulation of protein kinase activity by regulation of protein phosphorylation  (ISO)
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation  (ISO)
negative regulation of ribosome biogenesis  (ISO)
negative regulation of signaling receptor activity  (IMP)
negative regulation of synaptic vesicle clustering  (ISO)
negative regulation of T cell proliferation  (ISO)
negative regulation of TORC1 signaling  (ISO)
negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation  (ISO)
negative regulation of wound healing, spreading of epidermal cells  (ISO)
nervous system development  (IEA)
neuron projection development  (IDA)
neuron-neuron synaptic transmission  (ISO)
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction  (IBA,ISO)
phosphatidylinositol dephosphorylation  (IBA,IDA,IEA,IMP,ISO)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway  (IDA)
positive regulation of apoptotic process  (IMP)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway  (ISO)
positive regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process  (IMP)
positive regulation of cell population proliferation  (ISO)
positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity  (ISO)
positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade  (ISO)
positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential  (ISO)
positive regulation of gene expression  (IMP)
positive regulation of interleukin-6 production  (IMP)
positive regulation of neuron differentiation  (IMP)
positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production  (IMP)
positive regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity  (ISO)
positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process  (ISO)
postsynaptic density assembly  (ISO)
prepulse inhibition  (ISO)
presynaptic membrane assembly  (ISO)
prostate gland growth  (ISO)
protein dephosphorylation  (IMP,ISO)
protein stabilization  (ISO)
regulation of axon regeneration  (ISO)
regulation of B cell apoptotic process  (ISO)
regulation of cell cycle  (ISO)
regulation of cellular component size  (ISO)
regulation of cellular localization  (ISO)
regulation of Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway  (IMP)
regulation of macrophage apoptotic process  (ISO)
regulation of neuron projection development  (ISO)
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction  (IBA)
regulation of protein stability  (ISO)
regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic  (ISO)
regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  (IEA)
response to activity  (IEP)
response to arsenic-containing substance  (IEP)
response to ATP  (IEP)
response to estradiol  (IEP)
response to ethanol  (IEP)
response to glucose  (IEP)
response to nutrient  (IEP)
response to organic cyclic compound  (IEP)
response to xenobiotic stimulus  (IEP)
response to zinc ion  (IEP)
rhythmic synaptic transmission  (ISO)
social behavior  (ISO)
spindle assembly involved in female meiosis  (ISO)
synapse assembly  (ISO)
synapse maturation  (ISO)
T cell proliferation  (ISO)

Cellular Component

Molecular Function
anaphase-promoting complex binding  (ISO)
calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity  (IEA)
enzyme binding  (ISO)
histone H2AXS140 phosphatase activity  (IEA)
histone H2AXY142 phosphatase activity  (IEA)
identical protein binding  (ISO)
inositol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity  (ISO,ISS)
inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity  (IEA,ISO)
ionotropic glutamate receptor binding  (IDA)
MAP kinase serine/threonine phosphatase activity  (IEA)
molecular function inhibitor activity  (ISO)
myosin phosphatase activity  (IEA)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity  (IEA)
PDZ domain binding  (IPI,ISO)
phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase activity  (ISO)
phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity  (IBA,IDA,IEA,IMP,ISO)
phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase activity  (IEA,ISO)
phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate phosphatase activity  (IEA,ISO)
phosphoprotein phosphatase activity  (ISO)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding  (IDA)
protein binding  (IPI,ISO)
protein kinase binding  (ISO)
protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity  (ISO)
protein tyrosine kinase binding  (IDA)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity  (IBA,IEA,ISO)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity, metal-dependent  (IEA)
protein tyrosine/serine/threonine phosphatase activity  (TAS)
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S2 phosphatase activity  (IEA)
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S5 phosphatase activity  (IEA)
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat S7 phosphatase activity  (IEA)
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat T4 phosphatase activity  (IEA)
RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat Y1 phosphatase activity  (IEA)
ubiquitin ligase activator activity  (ISO)
ubiquitin-specific protease binding  (ISO)

References

References - curated
# Reference Title Reference Citation
1. MicroRNA-486-dependent modulation of DOCK3/PTEN/AKT signaling pathways improves muscular dystrophy-associated symptoms. Alexander MS, etal., J Clin Invest. 2014 Jun;124(6):2651-67. doi: 10.1172/JCI73579. Epub 2014 May 1.
2. Combination of PTEN gene therapy and radiation inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer xenografts. Anai S, etal., Hum Gene Ther. 2006 Oct;17(10):975-84.
3. Pten inactivation alters peripheral B lymphocyte fate and reconstitutes CD19 function. Anzelon AN, etal., Nat Immunol 2003 Mar;4(3):287-94.
4. Deletion of Pten in mouse brain causes seizures, ataxia and defects in soma size resembling Lhermitte-Duclos disease. Backman SA, etal., Nat Genet 2001 Dec;29(4):396-403.
5. Early onset of neoplasia in the prostate and skin of mice with tissue-specific deletion of Pten. Backman SA, etal., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004 Feb 10;101(6):1725-30. Epub 2004 Jan 27.
6. Neurotensin signaling activates microRNAs-21 and -155 and Akt, promotes tumor growth in mice, and is increased in human colon tumors. Bakirtzi K, etal., Gastroenterology. 2011 Nov;141(5):1749-61.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.038. Epub 2011 Jul 30.
7. Intact PTEN Expression by Immunohistochemistry is Associated With Decreased Survival in Advanced Stage Ovarian/Primary Peritoneal High-grade Serous Carcinoma. Bakkar RM, etal., Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2015 Nov;34(6):497-506. doi: 10.1097/PGP.0000000000000205.
8. The molecular biology of endometrial cancers and the implications for pathogenesis, classification, and targeted therapies. Bansal N, etal., Cancer Control. 2009 Jan;16(1):8-13.
9. The mutational landscape of prostate cancer. Barbieri CE, etal., Eur Urol. 2013 Oct;64(4):567-76. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.05.029. Epub 2013 May 18.
10. Reduced expression of PTEN correlates with breast cancer progression. Bose S, etal., Hum Pathol. 2002 Apr;33(4):405-9.
11. Novel PTEN germline mutation in a family with mild phenotype: difficulties in genetic counseling. Busa T, etal., Gene. 2013 Jan 10;512(2):194-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.134. Epub 2012 Nov 2.
12. Subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorders and extreme macrocephaly associated with germline PTEN tumour suppressor gene mutations. Butler MG, etal., J Med Genet. 2005 Apr;42(4):318-21.
13. Point mutation and homozygous deletion of PTEN/MMAC1 in primary bladder cancers. Cairns P, etal., Oncogene. 1998 Jun 18;16(24):3215-8.
14. Activation of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 mediates the inhibition of FcgammaR phagocytosis by prostaglandin E2 in alveolar macrophages. Canetti C, etal., J Immunol. 2007 Dec 15;179(12):8350-6.
15. Peripubertal hyperinsulinemia upregulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt pathway in rat ovaries. Chakrabarty S and Nagamani M, Reprod Sci. 2008 Apr;15(3):274-84.
16. Antitumor activity of the combination of an HSP90 inhibitor and a PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor against cholangiocarcinoma. Chen MH, etal., Oncotarget. 2014 May 15;5(9):2372-89. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.1706.
17. PTEN inactivation by germline/somatic c.950_953delTACT mutation in patients with Lhermitte-Duclos disease manifesting progressive phenotypes. Chen XY, etal., Clin Genet. 2014 Oct;86(4):349-54. doi: 10.1111/cge.12282. Epub 2013 Oct 25.
18. 17 Beta-estradiol prevents focal cerebral ischemic damages via activation of Akt and CREB in association with reduced PTEN phosphorylation in rats. Choi YC, etal., Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;18(5):547-57.
19. Regulation of myocardial contractility and cell size by distinct PI3K-PTEN signaling pathways. Crackower MA, etal., Cell 2002 Sep 20;110(6):737-49.
20. ATP activates a reactive oxygen species-dependent oxidative stress response and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. Cruz CM, etal., J Biol Chem. 2007 Feb 2;282(5):2871-9. Epub 2006 Nov 27.
21. Structural and functional characterization of Nrf2 degradation by glycogen synthase kinase 3/beta-TrCP. Cuadrado A Free Radic Biol Med. 2015 Nov;88(Pt B):147-57. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.029. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
22. Subchronic exposure to arsenic through drinking water alters expression of cancer-related genes in rat liver. Cui X, etal., Toxicol Pathol. 2004 Jan-Feb;32(1):64-72.
23. Significance of P16INK4A Expression and PTEN Loss of Heterozygosity in Human Papilloma Virus-related Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DE Jesus Oliveira Kato V, etal., Anticancer Res. 2020 Nov;40(11):6355-6366. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.14656.
24. Inhibition of PTEN by peroxynitrite activates the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt neuroprotective signaling pathway. Delgado-Esteban M, etal., J Neurochem. 2007 Jul;102(1):194-205. Epub 2007 Feb 14.
25. Pten is essential for embryonic development and tumour suppression. Di Cristofano A, etal., Nat Genet 1998 Aug;19(4):348-55.
26. Pten and p27KIP1 cooperate in prostate cancer tumor suppression in the mouse. Di Cristofano A, etal., Nat Genet 2001 Feb;27(2):222-4.
27. Transcriptome and proteome profiling of colon mucosa from quercetin fed F344 rats point to tumor preventive mechanisms, increased mitochondrial fatty acid degradation and decreased glycolysis. Dihal AA, etal., Proteomics. 2008 Jan;8(1):45-61.
28. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 deficiency accelerates tumor induction in a mouse model of ErbB-2 mammary tumorigenesis. Dourdin N, etal., Cancer Res. 2008 Apr 1;68(7):2122-31.
29. The evolution of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases as regulators of growth and metabolism. Engelman JA, etal., Nat Rev Genet. 2006 Aug;7(8):606-19.
30. Par-3-mediated junctional localization of the lipid phosphatase PTEN is required for cell polarity establishment. Feng W, etal., J Biol Chem. 2008 Aug 22;283(34):23440-9. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M802482200. Epub 2008 Jun 10.
31. PI3K/Akt: getting it right matters. Franke TF Oncogene. 2008 Oct 27;27(50):6473-88.
32. Silencing of the PTEN tumor-suppressor gene in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Frisk T, etal., Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2002 Sep;35(1):74-80.
33. Promoter methylation of the PTEN gene is a common molecular change in breast cancer. García JM, etal., Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2004 Oct;41(2):117-24.
34. Perlecan-induced suppression of smooth muscle cell proliferation is mediated through increased activity of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Garl PJ, etal., Circ Res 2004 Feb 6;94(2):175-83. Epub 2003 Dec 1.
35. Phylogenetic-based propagation of functional annotations within the Gene Ontology consortium. Gaudet P, etal., Brief Bioinform. 2011 Sep;12(5):449-62. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbr042. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
36. Nuclear localization of PTEN by a Ran-dependent mechanism enhances apoptosis: Involvement of an N-terminal nuclear localization domain and multiple nuclear exclusion motifs. Gil A, etal., Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Sep;17(9):4002-13. Epub 2006 Jun 28.
37. Differential nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of PTEN in normal thyroid tissue, and benign and malignant epithelial thyroid tumors. Gimm O, etal., Am J Pathol. 2000 May;156(5):1693-700.
38. Negative regulation of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation by the Pten tumor suppressor gene in vivo. Groszer M, etal., Science 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2186-9. Epub 2001 Nov 01.
39. Regulation of PI 3-K, PTEN, p53, and mTOR in Malignant and Benign Tumors Deficient in Tuberin. Habib SL, etal., Genes Cancer. 2011 Nov;2(11):1051-60. doi: 10.1177/1947601912445376.
40. PTEN expression in renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma and prognosis. Hager M, etal., Pathology. 2007 Oct;39(5):482-5.
41. Co-existence of high levels of the PTEN protein with enhanced Akt activation in renal cell carcinoma. He L, etal., Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Oct;1772(10):1134-42. Epub 2007 Jul 12.
42. A comprehensive analysis of transcript signatures of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/protein kinase B signal-transduction pathway in prostate cancer. Hellwinkel OJ, etal., BJU Int. 2008 Jun;101(11):1454-60. Epub 2008 Mar 11.
43. Pten loss induces autocrine FGF signaling to promote skin tumorigenesis. Hertzler-Schaefer K, etal., Cell Rep. 2014 Mar 13;6(5):818-26. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.01.045. Epub 2014 Feb 27.
44. Activation of DNA methyltransferase 1 by EBV latent membrane protein 2A leads to promoter hypermethylation of PTEN gene in gastric carcinoma. Hino R, etal., Cancer Res. 2009 Apr 1;69(7):2766-74. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-3070.
45. Phosphoinositide 3-kinases as a common platform for multi-hormone signaling. Hirsch E, etal., J Endocrinol. 2007 Aug;194(2):243-56.
46. Regulation of PTEN inhibition by the pleckstrin homology domain of P-REX2 during insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis. Hodakoski C, etal., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Jan 7;111(1):155-60. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1213773111. Epub 2013 Dec 23.
47. Hepatocyte-specific Pten deficiency results in steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinomas. Horie Y, etal., J Clin Invest 2004 Jun;113(12):1774-83.
48. PTEN and NDUFB8 aberrations in cervical cancer tissue. Hsieh SM, etal., Adv Exp Med Biol. 2007;599:31-6.
49. Attenuated 5-HT1A receptor signaling in brains of suicide victims: involvement of adenylyl cyclase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Hsiung SC, etal., J Neurochem. 2003 Oct;87(1):182-94. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01987.x.
50. Knockdown of lncRNA MALAT1 attenuates acute myocardial infarction through miR-320-Pten axis. Hu H, etal., Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Oct;106:738-746. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.122. Epub 2018 Jul 11.
51. Expression and prognostic role of tumor suppressor gene PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hu TH, etal., Cancer. 2003 Apr 15;97(8):1929-40. doi: 10.1002/cncr.11266.
52. Adenovirus-mediated intraarterial delivery of PTEN inhibits neointimal hyperplasia. Huang J, etal., Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Feb;25(2):354-8. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000151619.54108.a5. Epub 2004 Nov 29.
53. PTEN limits alveolar macrophage function against Pseudomonas aeruginosa after bone marrow transplantation. Hubbard LL, etal., Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2011 Nov;45(5):1050-8. doi: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0079OC. Epub 2011 Apr 28.
54. Disruption of PTEN coupling with 5-HT2C receptors suppresses behavioral responses induced by drugs of abuse. Ji SP, etal., Nat Med. 2006 Mar;12(3):324-9. Epub 2006 Feb 12.
55. PTEN is recruited to the postsynaptic terminal for NMDA receptor-dependent long-term depression. Jurado S, etal., EMBO J. 2010 Aug 18;29(16):2827-40. Epub 2010 Jul 13.
56. Androgen signaling and its interactions with other signaling pathways in prostate cancer. Kaarbo M, etal., Bioessays. 2007 Dec;29(12):1227-38.
57. Immunohistochemical expression of PTEN in normal, hyperplastic and malignant endometrium and its correlation with hormone receptors, bcl-2, bax, and apoptotic index. Kapucuoglu N, etal., Pathol Res Pract. 2007;203(3):153-62. Epub 2007 Feb 20.
58. Expression of proliferative and preapoptotic molecules in human myometrium and leiomyoma throughout the menstrual cycle. Kayisli UA, etal., Reprod Sci. 2007 Oct;14(7):678-86.
59. KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes KEGG
60. Akt and mTORC1 have different roles during liver tumorigenesis in mice. Kenerson HL, etal., Gastroenterology. 2013 May;144(5):1055-65. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.053. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
61. PTEN and NF1 inactivation in Schwann cells produces a severe phenotype in the peripheral nervous system that promotes the development and malignant progression of peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Keng VW, etal., Cancer Res. 2012 Jul 1;72(13):3405-13. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-11-4092. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
62. Using tumor markers to predict the survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Kim HL, etal., J Urol. 2005 May;173(5):1496-501.
63. Cooperativity of Nkx3.1 and Pten loss of function in a mouse model of prostate carcinogenesis. Kim MJ, etal., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Mar 5;99(5):2884-9. Epub 2002 Feb 19.
64. MicroRNA-21 drives severe, steroid-insensitive experimental asthma by amplifying phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mediated suppression of histone deacetylase 2. Kim RY, etal., J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Feb;139(2):519-532. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.038. Epub 2016 Jun 10.
65. PTEN recruitment controls synaptic and cognitive function in Alzheimer's models. Knafo S, etal., Nat Neurosci. 2016 Mar;19(3):443-53. doi: 10.1038/nn.4225. Epub 2016 Jan 18.
66. Phosphorylation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten) protein is enhanced in human fibromyomatous uteri. Kovacs KA, etal., J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007 Feb;103(2):196-9. Epub 2006 Nov 9.
67. Phosphorylation of the actin binding protein Drebrin at S647 is regulated by neuronal activity and PTEN. Kreis P, etal., PLoS One. 2013 Aug 5;8(8):e71957. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071957. Print 2013.
68. Somatic mutations of the PTEN/MMAC1 gene in fifteen Japanese endometrial cancers: evidence for inactivation of both alleles. Kurose K, etal., Jpn J Cancer Res. 1998 Aug;89(8):842-8.
69. Regulation of PTEN expression in neuronal apoptosis. Kyrylenko S, etal., Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1999 Nov 10;73(1-2):198-202.
70. A role for nuclear PTEN in neuronal differentiation. Lachyankar MB, etal., J Neurosci. 2000 Feb 15;20(4):1404-13.
71. Oroxin B Induces Apoptosis by Down-Regulating MicroRNA-221 Resulting in the Inactivation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Pathway in Liver Cancer. Li N, etal., Molecules. 2019 Nov 30;24(23). pii: molecules24234384. doi: 10.3390/molecules24234384.
72. Pretreatment with phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) inhibitor SF1670 augments the efficacy of granulocyte transfusion in a clinically relevant mouse model. Li Y, etal., Blood. 2011 Jun 16;117(24):6702-13. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-09-309864. Epub 2011 Apr 26.
73. Germline mutations of the PTEN gene in Cowden disease, an inherited breast and thyroid cancer syndrome. Liaw D, etal., Nat Genet. 1997 May;16(1):64-7.
74. Tissue microarray based analysis of prognostic markers in invasive bladder cancer: much effort to no avail? Liedberg F, etal., Urol Oncol. 2008 Jan-Feb;26(1):17-24. Epub 2007 Oct 22.
75. Serum Exosomal MicroRNA-21, MicroRNA-126, and PTEN Are Novel Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Ling H, etal., Front Physiol. 2020 Jun 11;11:654. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00654. eCollection 2020.
76. Regulation of GABAA receptors by fragile X mental retardation protein. Liu B, etal., Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2013 Sep 10;5(3):169-76. eCollection 2013.
77. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) expression promotes growth, metastasis, and chemo- or radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting PTEN. Liu ZL, etal., Mol Cell Biochem. 2013 Jan;372(1-2):35-45. doi: 10.1007/s11010-012-1443-3. Epub 2012 Sep 6.
78. Repression of microRNA-21 inhibits retinal vascular endothelial cell growth and angiogenesis via PTEN dependent-PI3K/Akt/VEGF signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy. Lu JM, etal., Exp Eye Res. 2020 Jan;190:107886. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107886. Epub 2019 Nov 21.
79. Inherited mutations in PTEN that are associated with breast cancer, cowden disease, and juvenile polyposis. Lynch ED, etal., Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Dec;61(6):1254-60.
80. Swimming exercise training-induced left ventricular hypertrophy involves microRNAs and synergistic regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Ma Z, etal., Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013 Oct;113(10):2473-86. doi: 10.1007/s00421-013-2685-9. Epub 2013 Jun 28.
81. Inactivation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor by the tumor suppressor PTEN provides a novel mechanism of action of the phosphatase. Mahimainathan L and Choudhury GG, J Biol Chem 2004 Apr 9;279(15):15258-68. Epub 2004 Jan 12.
82. Mesangial cell hypertrophy by high glucose is mediated by downregulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Mahimainathan L, etal., Diabetes. 2006 Jul;55(7):2115-25.
83. Alterations of mTOR and PTEN protein expression in schistosomal squamous cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma. Makboul R, etal., Pathol Res Pract. 2016 May;212(5):385-92. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.02.008. Epub 2016 Feb 9.
84. Rat ISS GO annotations from MGI mouse gene data--August 2006 MGD data from the GO Consortium
85. PTEN positively regulates UVB-induced DNA damage repair. Ming M, etal., Cancer Res. 2011 Aug 1;71(15):5287-95. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-4614. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
86. Inhibition of neuronal phenotype by PTEN in PC12 cells. Musatov S, etal., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004 Mar 9;101(10):3627-31. Epub 2004 Feb 27.
87. Electronic Transfer of LocusLink and RefSeq Data NCBI rat LocusLink and RefSeq merged data July 26, 2002
88. Dual neuroprotective signaling mediated by downregulating two distinct phosphatase activities of PTEN. Ning K, etal., J Neurosci. 2004 Apr 21;24(16):4052-60.
89. Immunohistochemical expression of PTEN and beta-catenin for endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia in Japanese women. Norimatsu Y, etal., Ann Diagn Pathol. 2007 Apr;11(2):103-8.
90. Analysis of PTEN/MMAC1 alterations in aerodigestive tract tumors. Okami K, etal., Cancer Res. 1998 Feb 1;58(3):509-11.
91. OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline
92. Enhanced phosphorylation of PTEN in rat brain after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Omori N, etal., Brain Res 2002 Nov 8;954(2):317-22.
93. Activation of PPAR-¿ and PTEN cascade participates in lovastatin-mediated accelerated differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Paintlia AS, etal., Glia. 2010 Nov 1;58(14):1669-85. doi: 10.1002/glia.21039.
94. AMPK regulates K(ATP) channel trafficking via PTEN inhibition in leptin-treated pancreatic ß-c