VDR (vitamin D receptor) - Rat Genome Database

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Gene: VDR (vitamin D receptor) Homo sapiens
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Symbol: VDR
Name: vitamin D receptor
RGD ID: 619561
HGNC Page HGNC:12679
Description: Enables several functions, including bile acid nuclear receptor activity; nuclear retinoid X receptor binding activity; and steroid binding activity. Contributes to DNA-binding transcription factor activity and vitamin D response element binding activity. Involved in several processes, including decidualization; nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathway; and regulation of gene expression. Acts upstream of or within negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription. Located in cytosol and nucleoplasm. Part of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex; chromatin; and receptor complex. Is active in nucleus. Implicated in several diseases, including autoimmune disease (multiple); carcinoma (multiple); liver disease (multiple); lung disease (multiple); and melanoma (multiple). Biomarker of several diseases, including autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B; carcinoma (multiple); cholangitis (multiple); gestational diabetes; and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
Type: protein-coding
RefSeq Status: REVIEWED
Previously known as: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor; NR1I1; nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 1; PPP1R163; vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor; vitamin d (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3) receptor; vitamin D nuclear receptor variant 1; vitamin D3 receptor; vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA
RGD Orthologs
Mouse
Rat
Chinchilla
Bonobo
Dog
Squirrel
Pig
Green Monkey
Naked Mole-Rat
Alliance Orthologs
More Info more info ...
Allele / Splice: See ClinVar data
Candidate Gene For: BW74_H BW448_H
Latest Assembly: GRCh38 - Human Genome Assembly GRCh38
Position:
Human AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCh381247,841,537 - 47,904,994 (-)NCBIGRCh38GRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh38.p14 Ensembl1247,841,537 - 47,943,048 (-)EnsemblGRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh371248,235,320 - 48,298,777 (-)NCBIGRCh37GRCh37hg19GRCh37
Build 361246,521,587 - 46,585,081 (-)NCBINCBI36Build 36hg18NCBI36
Build 341246,521,588 - 46,585,036NCBI
Celera1247,032,871 - 47,096,518 (-)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map12q13.11NCBI
HuRef1245,266,368 - 45,330,677 (-)NCBIHuRef
CHM1_11248,201,212 - 48,264,704 (-)NCBICHM1_1
T2T-CHM13v2.01247,802,918 - 47,866,398 (-)NCBIT2T-CHM13v2.0
JBrowse: View Region in Genome Browser (JBrowse)
Model


Disease Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome  (IEA)
Acute Hepatitis  (ISO)
Addison's disease  (IEA)
alopecia  (EXP,IMP)
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis  (IAGP)
aortic valve stenosis  (IAGP)
asthma  (IAGP)
atherosclerosis  (ISO)
atopic dermatitis  (IAGP)
autism spectrum disorder  (IAGP)
autoimmune hepatitis  (IAGP,IEA)
autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B  (IEP)
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia  (EXP)
Barrett's esophagus  (IAGP)
basal cell carcinoma  (IAGP,IEP)
Behcet's disease  (IAGP)
breast cancer  (IAGP,IEP)
Breast Neoplasms  (EXP,IEA)
bronchopulmonary dysplasia  (IAGP)
cholangitis  (IEP)
Chronic Hepatitis C  (IAGP)
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease  (IAGP)
Chronic Periodontitis  (IAGP)
coronary artery disease  (IAGP)
Crohn's disease  (IEA)
diabetes mellitus  (IAGP)
diabetic retinopathy  (IAGP)
disease of cellular proliferation  (EXP)
Dwarfism  (IAGP)
erythema nodosum  (IAGP)
esophagus adenocarcinoma  (IAGP,IEP)
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis  (ISO)
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms  (ISO)
Fabry disease  (IAGP)
familial adenomatous polyposis  (IAGP)
familial adenomatous polyposis 2  (IAGP)
Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets  (IAGP)
Fetal Growth Retardation  (IEP)
genetic disease  (EXP,IAGP)
gestational diabetes  (IEP)
Graves' disease  (IAGP,IEA)
hepatitis B  (IAGP)
hepatocellular carcinoma  (IAGP,IDA)
human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease  (IAGP)
Hypercalciuria  (ISO)
hypertension  (EXP)
Hypophosphatemic Rickets  (IAGP)
Inflammation  (IMP)
Insulin Resistance  (ISO)
Intervertebral Disc Displacement  (IEA)
Knee Osteoarthritis  (IEA)
Lead Poisoning  (EXP)
leishmaniasis  (ISO)
lepromatous leprosy  (IEA)
liver cirrhosis  (IAGP,ISO)
male breast cancer  (IAGP)
melanoma  (IAGP)
metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease  (IEP,ISO)
multiple sclerosis  (EXP,IAGP,IEA,TAS)
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
myopia  (IAGP)
Neoplasm Metastasis  (IAGP)
nephrotoxicity  (ISO)
obesity  (IEA)
osteoporosis  (IAGP,ISS)
otosclerosis  (IAGP)
Parathyroid Neoplasms  (IAGP)
Parkinson's disease  (IAGP)
peptic esophagitis  (IAGP)
periodontitis  (IAGP,IEA)
pneumonia  (IAGP,ISO)
polycystic ovary syndrome  (IAGP)
Postmenopausal Osteoporosis  (IAGP,IEA)
pre-eclampsia  (IEP)
primary biliary cholangitis  (IAGP,IEA)
primary hyperparathyroidism  (IAGP)
primary sclerosing cholangitis  (IEP)
prostate cancer  (IAGP)
Prostatic Neoplasms  (EXP)
psoriasis  (IAGP,IEA)
pulmonary tuberculosis  (IAGP)
renal cell carcinoma  (IEA)
retinal degeneration  (ISO)
RETINAL DYSTROPHY WITH INNER RETINAL DYSFUNCTION AND GANGLION CELL ABNORMALITIES  (ISO)
rheumatoid arthritis  (IAGP)
rickets  (EXP,IAGP,ISS)
secondary hyperparathyroidism  (ISO)
skin melanoma  (IAGP)
Spinal Fractures  (IAGP)
squamous cell carcinoma  (IAGP)
steatotic liver disease  (IDA,ISO)
Sunburn  (IAGP)
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome  (IAGP)
temporal lobe epilepsy  (EXP)
transitional cell carcinoma  (EXP)
tuberculoid leprosy  (IEA)
tuberculosis  (IAGP)
Turner syndrome  (IAGP)
type 1 diabetes mellitus  (IEA)
type 2 diabetes mellitus  (IEA)
uremia  (EXP)
Urinary Calculi  (IEA)
Viral Bronchiolitis  (IAGP)
Vitamin D Deficiency  (EXP,IAGP)
vitamin D-dependent rickets  (IAGP)
vitamin D-dependent rickets type 2A  (EXP,IAGP,IMP,ISO)
vitiligo  (IAGP)
Weight Gain  (IDA,ISO)

Gene-Chemical Interaction Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
(+)-pilocarpine  (ISO)
(R)-noradrenaline  (EXP)
1,2-dimethylhydrazine  (ISO)
1,25-Dihydroxy-16-ene-vitamin D3  (ISO)
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene  (EXP)
17alpha-ethynylestradiol  (EXP,ISO)
17beta-estradiol  (EXP,ISO)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine  (EXP,ISO)
2,4-dibromophenyl 2,4,5-tribromophenyl ether  (EXP,ISO)
2-palmitoylglycerol  (EXP)
24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D  (EXP,ISO)
3,7-dihydropurine-6-thione  (EXP)
3-\{1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1H-indol-3-yl\}-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione  (ISO)
3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-xanthine  (EXP)
3-methoxytyramine  (EXP)
3-oxo-5beta-cholanic acid  (EXP)
3-phenoxybenzoic acid  (EXP)
4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide  (EXP,ISO)
5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine  (EXP)
8-Br-cAMP  (EXP)
9-cis-retinoic acid  (EXP)
acetylsalicylic acid  (EXP)
afimoxifene  (EXP)
aflatoxin B1  (EXP,ISO)
aldehydo-D-glucose  (ISO)
alendronic acid  (EXP)
alfacalcidol  (EXP,ISO)
all-trans-retinoic acid  (EXP,ISO)
alpha-linolenic acid  (EXP)
alpha-naphthoflavone  (EXP)
ammonium chloride  (ISO)
anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one  (EXP)
antirheumatic drug  (EXP)
aristolochic acid A  (EXP)
arsane  (EXP)
arsenic atom  (EXP)
arsenite(3-)  (EXP)
arsenous acid  (EXP)
atrazine  (ISO)
bafilomycin A1  (EXP)
benzene  (ISO)
benzo[a]pyrene  (EXP,ISO)
bezafibrate  (EXP)
biphenyl-2-ol  (EXP)
bisdemethoxycurcumin  (EXP)
bisphenol A  (EXP,ISO)
butanal  (EXP)
cadmium atom  (EXP)
cadmium dichloride  (EXP)
calcidiol  (EXP,ISO)
calciol  (EXP,ISO)
calcipotriol  (EXP)
calcitriol  (EXP,ISO)
calcium atom  (EXP,ISO)
calcium(0)  (EXP,ISO)
captopril  (ISO)
carbon nanotube  (ISO)
carnosic acid  (EXP)
cefalotin  (ISO)
CGP 52608  (EXP)
chenodeoxycholic acid  (EXP,ISO)
CHIR 99021  (ISO)
chloroacetaldehyde  (EXP)
cholanic acid  (EXP,ISO)
cholesterol  (EXP)
cholic acid  (EXP)
chromium(6+)  (ISO)
ciguatoxin CTX1B  (ISO)
cisplatin  (EXP,ISO)
copper(II) sulfate  (EXP)
curcumin  (EXP)
cyclophosphamide  (ISO)
cyclosporin A  (EXP)
cytarabine  (EXP)
D-glucose  (ISO)
daunorubicin  (EXP)
desferrioxamine B  (EXP)
dexamethasone  (EXP,ISO)
dextran sulfate  (ISO)
diallyl trisulfide  (EXP)
diarsenic trioxide  (EXP)
Dibutyl phosphate  (EXP)
dibutyl phthalate  (ISO)
dicrotophos  (EXP)
dimethylarsinic acid  (ISO)
dioxygen  (EXP)
disodium selenite  (EXP)
dopamine  (EXP)
dorsomorphin  (EXP)
doxorubicin  (EXP)
endosulfan  (EXP)
entinostat  (EXP)
estriol  (EXP)
etoposide  (EXP)
eugenol  (EXP)
Falecalcitriol  (EXP)
fenvalerate  (ISO)
flucythrinate  (EXP)
folic acid  (ISO)
fulvestrant  (EXP)
gamma-tocopherol  (EXP)
genistein  (EXP)
gentamycin  (ISO)
glucose  (ISO)
glycitein  (EXP)
Goe 6976  (EXP,ISO)
guggulsterone  (ISO)
GW 501516  (EXP)
hexachlorobenzene  (ISO)
homovanillic acid  (EXP)
idarubicin  (EXP)
iron atom  (EXP)
iron(0)  (EXP)
isopentenyl diphosphate  (EXP)
kaempferol  (EXP)
ketoconazole  (EXP)
lacidipine  (EXP)
lactacystin  (EXP)
lamivudine  (ISO)
lead diacetate  (EXP)
lead(0)  (EXP)
levonorgestrel  (EXP)
lipopolysaccharide  (EXP,ISO)
lithocholic acid  (EXP,ISO)
LY294002  (EXP)
manidipine  (EXP)
Maxacalcitol  (EXP)
medroxyprogesterone acetate  (EXP)
mercaptopurine  (EXP)
mercury atom  (EXP)
mercury(0)  (EXP)
methotrexate  (EXP)
methoxsalen  (EXP)
methyl beta-cyclodextrin  (EXP)
methylseleninic acid  (EXP)
mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (ISO)
N-nitrosodiethylamine  (ISO)
neomycin  (ISO)
nickel atom  (EXP)
nickel sulfate  (EXP)
O-methyleugenol  (EXP)
okadaic acid  (EXP)
paracetamol  (EXP)
paraquat  (ISO)
paricalcitol  (EXP)
pentanal  (EXP)
perfluorooctanoic acid  (EXP)
phenobarbital  (ISO)
phenothrin  (EXP)
phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate  (EXP,ISO)
phosphorus atom  (EXP)
phosphorus(.)  (EXP)
pirinixic acid  (EXP)
potassium chromate  (EXP)
prednisone  (EXP)
promegestone  (EXP)
propanal  (EXP)
purine-6-thiol  (EXP)
pyridaben  (EXP)
quercetin  (EXP)
raloxifene  (EXP)
resveratrol  (EXP)
rotenone  (EXP)
saracatinib  (EXP)
SB 431542  (EXP)
silicon dioxide  (EXP,ISO)
simvastatin  (ISO)
sodium arsenite  (EXP,ISO)
sodium atom  (ISO)
sodium chloride  (ISO)
sotorasib  (EXP)
staurosporine  (EXP)
streptozocin  (ISO)
sunitinib  (EXP)
superoxide  (ISO)
suramin  (EXP)
tamoxifen  (EXP,ISO)
terbufos  (EXP)
tetrachloromethane  (ISO)
thiram  (EXP)
titanium dioxide  (ISO)
tocopherol  (EXP)
trametinib  (EXP)
tributylstannane  (ISO)
trichostatin A  (EXP)
trimellitic anhydride  (ISO)
triphenyl phosphate  (EXP)
troglitazone  (ISO)
uranium atom  (ISO)
valproic acid  (EXP)
vincristine  (EXP)
vitamin D  (EXP,ISO)
warfarin  (EXP)
zidovudine  (ISO)
zinc atom  (EXP)
zinc protoporphyrin  (EXP)
zinc(0)  (EXP)

Gene Ontology Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process
animal organ morphogenesis  (IEA,ISO)
apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution  (IEA,ISO)
apoptotic signaling pathway  (ISO)
calcium ion transport  (IEA,ISO)
cell differentiation  (IBA)
cell morphogenesis  (IMP)
cellular response to amyloid-beta  (ISO)
cellular response to vitamin D  (ISO)
decidualization  (IEP)
heart development  (ISO)
intestinal absorption  (IEA,ISO)
intracellular calcium ion homeostasis  (IEA,ISO)
intracellular receptor signaling pathway  (IEA)
lactation  (IEA,ISO)
mammary gland branching involved in pregnancy  (IEA,ISO)
mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II  (IDA,ISS)
negative regulation of bone trabecula formation  (ISO)
negative regulation of cell population proliferation  (IDA)
negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription  (IDA)
negative regulation of keratinocyte proliferation  (IMP)
negative regulation of ossification  (ISO)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  (IBA,IDA)
nuclear receptor-mediated bile acid signaling pathway  (IDA)
phosphate ion transmembrane transport  (IDA)
positive regulation of apoptotic process involved in mammary gland involution  (IEA,ISO)
positive regulation of bone mineralization  (NAS)
positive regulation of gene expression  (IMP)
positive regulation of keratinocyte differentiation  (IMP)
positive regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion  (ISO)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II  (IBA,IDA,IMP,ISS)
positive regulation of vitamin D 24-hydroxylase activity  (IDA)
positive regulation of vitamin D receptor signaling pathway  (IDA,ISS)
regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity  (IEA,ISS)
regulation of calcium ion transport  (ISO)
regulation of DNA-templated transcription  (IEA,ISO)
response to aldosterone  (ISO)
response to bile acid  (IDA)
response to calcium ion  (ISO)
response to estradiol  (ISO)
retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway  (IMP)
skeletal system development  (IEA,ISO)
vitamin D receptor signaling pathway  (IDA,IMP)

Cellular Component

Molecular Pathway Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
Phenotype Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Human Phenotype
Abdominal wall muscle weakness  (IAGP)
Abnormal adipose tissue morphology  (IAGP)
Abnormal bone structure  (IAGP)
Abnormal circulating dehydroepiandrosterone concentration  (IAGP)
Abnormal circulating protein concentration  (IAGP)
Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies  (IAGP)
Abnormal hip bone morphology  (IAGP)
Abnormal metaphysis morphology  (IAGP)
Abnormal systemic blood pressure  (IAGP)
Abnormal thorax morphology  (IAGP)
Abnormality of bone mineral density  (IAGP)
Abnormality of the dentition  (IAGP)
Abnormality of the skin  (IAGP)
Abnormality of the vertebral column  (IAGP)
Abnormality of vitamin D metabolism  (IAGP)
Alopecia  (IAGP)
Alopecia universalis  (IAGP)
Autosomal recessive inheritance  (IAGP)
Bone cyst  (IAGP)
Bone pain  (IAGP)
Bowing of the legs  (IAGP)
Breast carcinoma  (IAGP)
Bulging epiphyses  (IAGP)
Bulging of the costochondral junction  (IAGP)
Carious teeth  (IAGP)
Chronic pulmonary obstruction  (IAGP)
Coarse metaphyseal trabecularization  (IAGP)
Cognitive impairment  (IAGP)
Cutaneous melanoma  (IAGP)
Decreased circulating calcifediol concentration  (IAGP)
Decreased circulating vitamin D concentration  (IAGP)
Deformed rib cage  (IAGP)
Delayed epiphyseal ossification  (IAGP)
Delayed eruption of teeth  (IAGP)
Difficulty standing  (IAGP)
Dolichocephaly  (IAGP)
Elevated circulating alkaline phosphatase concentration  (IAGP)
Elevated circulating C-reactive protein concentration  (IAGP)
Elevated circulating parathyroid hormone level  (IAGP)
Elevated diastolic blood pressure  (IAGP)
Elevated systolic blood pressure  (IAGP)
Enamel hypoplasia  (IAGP)
Enlargement of the ankles  (IAGP)
Enlargement of the wrists  (IAGP)
Epicanthus  (IAGP)
Failure to thrive  (IAGP)
Fasting hyperinsulinemia  (IAGP)
Femoral bowing  (IAGP)
Fibular bowing  (IAGP)
Flat occiput  (IAGP)
Frontal bossing  (IAGP)
Gait disturbance  (IAGP)
Generalized hypotonia  (IAGP)
Genu valgum  (IAGP)
Genu varum  (IAGP)
Growth delay  (IAGP)
Hearing impairment  (IAGP)
Hepatocellular carcinoma  (IAGP)
Hepatomegaly  (IAGP)
High serum calcifediol  (IAGP)
High serum calcitriol  (IAGP)
Hypercalcemia  (IAGP)
Hypercholesterolemia  (IAGP)
Hyperparathyroidism  (IAGP)
Hypertriglyceridemia  (IAGP)
Hypocalcemia  (IAGP)
Hypocalcemic seizures  (IAGP)
Hypocitraturia  (IAGP)
Hypophosphatemia  (IAGP)
Hypopigmentation of the skin  (IAGP)
Hypotonia  (IAGP)
Increased body weight  (IAGP)
Increased circulating androstenedione concentration  (IAGP)
Increased circulating beta-C-terminal telopeptide concentration  (IAGP)
Increased circulating gonadotropin level  (IAGP)
Increased circulating osteocalcin level  (IAGP)
Increased circulating procalcitonin concentration  (IAGP)
Increased HDL cholesterol concentration  (IAGP)
Increased LDL cholesterol concentration  (IAGP)
Increased serum testosterone level  (IAGP)
Infantile onset  (IAGP)
Insulin resistance  (IAGP)
Irritability  (IAGP)
Joint dislocation  (IAGP)
Leukocytosis  (IAGP)
Metaphyseal irregularity  (IAGP)
Motor delay  (IAGP)
Myopia  (IAGP)
Neonatal onset  (IAGP)
Nephrolithiasis  (IAGP)
Obesity  (IAGP)
Osteolysis  (IAGP)
Osteomalacia  (IAGP)
Osteoporosis  (IAGP)
Otosclerosis  (IAGP)
Parathyroid hyperplasia  (IAGP)
Periodontitis  (IAGP)
Premature loss of primary teeth  (IAGP)
Protuberant abdomen  (IAGP)
Psoriasiform dermatitis  (IAGP)
Recurrent fractures  (IAGP)
Reduced bone mineral density  (IAGP)
Rickets  (IAGP)
Scoliosis  (IAGP)
Secondary hyperparathyroidism  (IAGP)
Short stature  (IAGP)
Sparse bone trabeculae  (IAGP)
Stapes ankylosis  (IAGP)
Subperiosteal bone resorption  (IAGP)
Thin bony cortex  (IAGP)
Tibial bowing  (IAGP)
Wide nasal bridge  (IAGP)
Widely patent fontanelles and sutures  (IAGP)
References

References - curated
# Reference Title Reference Citation
1. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and haplotypes and postmenopausal breast cancer risk. Abbas S, etal., Breast Cancer Res. 2008;10(2):R31. doi: 10.1186/bcr1994. Epub 2008 Apr 17.
2. Vitamin D receptor gene methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Abdalla M, etal., Gene. 2018 May 5;653:65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.024. Epub 2018 Feb 9.
3. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene SNPs influence VDR expression and modulate protection from multiple sclerosis in HLA-DRB1*15-positive individuals. Agliardi C, etal., Brain Behav Immun. 2011 Jun 12.
4. MicroRNA signatures predict dysregulated vitamin D receptor and calcium pathways status in limb girdle muscle dystrophies (LGMD) 2A/2B. Aguennouz M, etal., Cell Biochem Funct. 2016 Aug;34(6):414-22. doi: 10.1002/cbf.3202.
5. Vitamin D-related genes, serum vitamin D concentrations and prostate cancer risk. Ahn J, etal., Carcinogenesis. 2009 May;30(5):769-76. Epub 2009 Mar 2.
6. The Association of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms with Multiple Sclerosis in a Case-Control Study from Kuwait. Al-Temaimi RA, etal., PLoS One. 2015 Nov 5;10(11):e0142265. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142265. eCollection 2015.
7. 5' regulatory and 3' untranslated region polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor gene in south Indian HIV and HIV-TB patients. Alagarasu K, etal., J Clin Immunol. 2009 Mar;29(2):196-204. Epub 2008 Aug 20.
8. Association of vitamin D receptor gene start codon (Fok1) polymorphism with high myopia. Annamaneni S, etal., Oman J Ophthalmol. 2011 May;4(2):57-62. doi: 10.4103/0974-620X.83654.
9. Association of vitamin D levels and vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms with liver fibrosis in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Arai T, etal., Dig Liver Dis. 2019 Jan 9. pii: S1590-8658(19)30003-9. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.12.022.
10. Analysis of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in vitiligo. Aydingoz IE, etal., Dermatology. 2012;224(4):361-8. doi: 10.1159/000339340. Epub 2012 Jun 26.
11. Elevated vitamin D receptor levels in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats are associated with downregulation of Snail. Bai S, etal., J Bone Miner Res. 2010 Apr;25(4):830-40.
12. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism is associated with Graves' disease in the Japanese population. Ban Y, etal., J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Dec;85(12):4639-43.
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