Sod1 (superoxide dismutase 1) - Rat Genome Database

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Gene: Sod1 (superoxide dismutase 1) Rattus norvegicus
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Symbol: Sod1
Name: superoxide dismutase 1
RGD ID: 3731
Description: Enables copper ion binding activity; protein phosphatase 2B binding activity; and superoxide dismutase activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to metal ion; hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process; and removal of superoxide radicals. Located in several cellular components, including dense core granule; neuronal cell body; and peroxisome. Part of protein-containing complex. Used to study hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism; middle cerebral artery infarction; and sciatic neuropathy. Biomarker of several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); congenital diaphragmatic hernia; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis; middle cerebral artery infarction; and ocular hypertension. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including Down syndrome; artery disease (multiple); eye disease (multiple); glucose metabolism disease (multiple); and neurodegenerative disease (multiple). Orthologous to human SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1); PARTICIPATES IN hypertension pathway; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathway; forkhead class A signaling pathway; INTERACTS WITH (+)-catechin; (+)-taxifolin; (-)-cotinine.
Type: protein-coding
RefSeq Status: PROVISIONAL
Previously known as: CuZnSOD; Superoxide dimutase 1 soluble; superoxide dismutase; Superoxide dismutase 1 soluble; superoxide dismutase 1, soluble; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]
RGD Orthologs
Human
Mouse
Chinchilla
Bonobo
Dog
Squirrel
Pig
Green Monkey
Naked Mole-Rat
Alliance Genes
More Info more info ...
Latest Assembly: mRatBN7.2 - mRatBN7.2 Assembly
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCr81142,942,742 - 42,948,399 (+)NCBIGRCr8
mRatBN7.21129,456,673 - 29,462,249 (+)NCBImRatBN7.2mRatBN7.2
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl1129,456,558 - 29,462,249 (+)EnsemblmRatBN7.2 Ensembl
UTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx1138,144,681 - 38,150,257 (+)NCBIRnor_SHRUTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx
UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.01130,816,072 - 30,821,648 (+)NCBIRnor_SHRSPUTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0
UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.01130,005,455 - 30,011,012 (+)NCBIRnor_WKYUTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0
Rnor_6.01130,363,282 - 30,368,858 (+)NCBIRnor6.0Rnor_6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl1130,363,280 - 30,368,862 (+)EnsemblRnor6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_5.01133,982,764 - 33,988,340 (+)NCBIRnor5.0Rnor_5.0rn5Rnor5.0
RGSC_v3.41129,810,766 - 29,816,342 (-)NCBIRGSC3.4RGSC_v3.4rn4RGSC3.4
RGSC_v3.11129,810,765 - 29,816,342 (-)NCBI
Celera1129,143,740 - 29,149,316 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map11q11NCBI
JBrowse: View Region in Genome Browser (JBrowse)
Model


Disease Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
acute kidney failure  (ISO)
Alcoholic Fatty Liver  (ISO)
Alcoholic Liver Diseases  (ISO)
Alzheimer's disease  (IEP,ISO)
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis  (ISO)
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 1  (ISO,ISS)
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 10  (ISO)
Animal Disease Models  (ISO)
Animal Mammary Neoplasms  (IEP)
Aortic Calcification  (IEP)
aortic disease  (ISO)
asphyxia neonatorum  (ISO)
asthma  (ISO)
atherosclerosis  (ISO)
atrial fibrillation  (ISO)
autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 7  (ISO)
Behcet's disease  (ISO)
Brain Injuries  (ISO)
brain ischemia  (ISO)
cardiac arrest  (ISO)
cardiomyopathy  (ISO)
cataract  (ISO)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury  (ISO)
Choroidal Neovascularization  (ISO)
Chronic Hepatitis  (ISO)
chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia  (ISO)
congenital diaphragmatic hernia  (IEP)
congestive heart failure  (ISO)
contact dermatitis  (ISO)
coronary artery disease  (ISO)
cutaneous leishmaniasis  (ISO)
cystitis  (IEP)
depressive disorder  (ISO)
developmental coordination disorder  (ISO)
diabetes mellitus  (ISO)
diabetic angiopathy  (ISO)
Diabetic Nephropathies  (ISO)
diabetic retinopathy  (ISO)
Disease Progression  (ISO)
Down syndrome  (ISO)
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions  (ISO)
dry eye syndrome  (ISO,ISS)
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus  (IEP,ISO)
Experimental Radiation Injuries  (ISO)
Fatigue  (ISO)
Fetal Growth Retardation  (ISO)
fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome  (ISO)
genetic disease  (ISO)
Genetic Predisposition to Disease  (ISO)
Gliosis  (ISO)
Hearing Loss  (ISO)
Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced  (ISO)
Hemolysis  (ISO)
hepatocellular carcinoma  (ISO)
hepatorenal syndrome  (ISO)
high grade glioma  (ISO)
hyperglycemia  (ISO)
hypertension  (IEP,ISO)
hyperthyroidism  (IDA,ISO)
Hypotension  (ISO)
Hypothermia  (ISO)
hypothyroidism  (IDA,IEP)
Hypoxia  (IDA)
Inflammation  (ISO)
iron deficiency anemia  (ISO)
ischemia  (ISO)
Kidney Calculi  (ISO)
liver disease  (ISO)
Liver Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
low tension glaucoma  (ISO,ISS)
macular degeneration  (ISO)
Marfan syndrome  (ISO)
MELAS syndrome  (ISO)
metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis  (IEP)
middle cerebral artery infarction  (IDA,IEP)
motor neuron disease  (ISO)
Muscle Weakness  (ISO)
muscular atrophy  (ISO)
myelomeningocele  (ISO)
myocardial infarction  (ISO)
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury  (IDA,ISO)
Nasal Polyps  (ISO)
Necrosis  (ISO)
Neoplastic Cell Transformation  (ISO)
nephrosis  (ISO)
Nerve Degeneration  (ISO)
nervous system disease  (ISO)
Neurologic Gait Disorders  (ISO)
newborn respiratory distress syndrome  (ISO)
nutritional deficiency disease  (IEP,ISO)
obesity  (ISO)
ocular hypertension  (IEP)
Ovarian Neoplasms  (ISO)
Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy  (ISO)
pancreatic cancer  (ISO)
Paralysis  (ISO)
Parkinson's disease  (ISO)
Parkinson's disease 20  (ISO)
Pathological Protein Aggregation  (ISO)
polycystic kidney disease  (IEP)
Presbycusis  (ISO)
prion disease  (ISO)
progressive supranuclear palsy  (ISO)
Protein Deficiency  (ISO)
proteinuria  (ISO)
pulmonary fibrosis  (ISO)
renal artery obstruction  (IEP)
Reperfusion Injury  (ISO)
retinal degeneration  (ISO)
Retinal Neovascularization  (ISO)
retinitis pigmentosa  (ISO)
retinopathy of prematurity  (ISO)
Schistosomiasis Mansoni  (ISO)
sciatic neuropathy  (IDA,ISO)
scrapie  (ISO)
Sepsis  (IEP)
SPASTIC TETRAPLEGIA AND AXIAL HYPOTONIA, PROGRESSIVE  (ISO)
spinal cord disease  (ISO)
Spinal Cord Injuries  (ISO)
steatotic liver disease  (ISO)
Stroke  (ISO)
transient cerebral ischemia  (ISO)
Turner syndrome  (ISO)
type 1 diabetes mellitus  (ISO)
type 2 diabetes mellitus  (ISO)
Ureteral Calculi  (ISO)
urinary bladder cancer  (ISO)
Weight Loss  (ISO)

Gene-Chemical Interaction Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
(+)-catechin  (EXP)
(+)-isoborneol  (ISO)
(+)-schisandrin B  (ISO)
(+)-taxifolin  (EXP)
(-)-cotinine  (EXP)
(-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate  (EXP,ISO)
(E)-cinnamyl alcohol  (ISO)
(E)-thiamethoxam  (EXP)
(R)-adrenaline  (EXP,ISO)
(R)-lipoic acid  (EXP)
(R,R)-tramadol  (EXP)
(R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol  (EXP,ISO)
(S)-amphetamine  (EXP,ISO)
(S)-colchicine  (ISO)
(S)-naringenin  (EXP,ISO)
(S)-nicotine  (EXP,ISO)
1,1,1-Trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane  (EXP)
1,10-phenanthroline  (ISO)
1,2-dimethylhydrazine  (EXP,ISO)
1,4-benzoquinone  (ISO)
1,4-dithiothreitol  (ISO)
1-benzylpiperazine  (ISO)
1-bromopropane  (EXP)
1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene  (ISO)
11-deoxycorticosterone  (EXP)
17alpha-ethynylestradiol  (EXP,ISO)
17beta-estradiol  (EXP,ISO)
17beta-estradiol 3-benzoate  (EXP)
2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl  (EXP,ISO)
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether  (EXP,ISO)
2,2,2-tetramine  (EXP,ISO)
2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzodioxine  (ISO)
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine  (EXP,ISO)
2,4-D  (ISO)
2,4-diaminotoluene  (ISO)
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid  (ISO)
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-\{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino\}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile  (EXP)
2-(tert-butylimino)-5-phenyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-4-one  (ISO)
2-acetamidofluorene  (EXP)
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose  (EXP)
2-pyridylethylamine  (ISO)
2-tert-butylhydroquinone  (EXP)
3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl  (EXP,ISO)
3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine  (EXP)
3,3',5'-triiodothyronine  (EXP)
3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine  (ISO)
3,4-dihydrocoumarin  (ISO)
3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde  (ISO)
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine  (ISO)
3-(Methylthio)-1-propene  (EXP)
3-bromopyruvic acid  (ISO)
3-methylcholanthrene  (EXP,ISO)
3-nitropropanoic acid  (EXP)
4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane  (ISO)
4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol  (EXP,ISO)
4-hydroxy-TEMPO  (EXP)
4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide  (ISO)
4-nonylphenol  (EXP)
4-phenylbutyric acid  (ISO)
4-vinylcyclohexene dioxide  (EXP,ISO)
5-fluorouracil  (EXP,ISO)
5-fluorouridine  (ISO)
5-methoxy-2-\{[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]sulfinyl\}-1H-benzimidazole  (ISO)
6-propyl-2-thiouracil  (EXP)
7,12-dimethyltetraphene  (EXP)
7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione  (ISO)
7H-xanthine  (EXP)
8'-apo-beta,psi-caroten-8'-al  (ISO)
8-Br-cAMP  (ISO)
9,10-phenanthroquinone  (ISO)
9H-xanthine  (EXP)
acetamide  (EXP)
acetylcholine  (EXP)
acetylsalicylic acid  (ISO)
aclacinomycin A  (ISO)
acrylamide  (EXP,ISO)
acrylonitrile  (ISO)
aflatoxin B1  (EXP,ISO)
aldehydo-D-glucose  (EXP,ISO)
aldosterone  (EXP)
alginic acid  (ISO)
all-trans-retinoic acid  (ISO)
all-trans-retinol  (EXP)
allethrin  (EXP)
alloxan  (EXP,ISO)
Allylamine  (EXP)
alpha,alpha-trehalose  (EXP)
alpha-hexylcinnamaldehyde  (ISO)
aluminium oxide  (EXP)
aminoacetone  (EXP)
aminoguanidine  (ISO)
amiodarone  (ISO)
amitraz  (EXP)
amitriptyline  (EXP)
amlodipine  (EXP)
ammonium chloride  (EXP)
amphetamine  (EXP,ISO)
amphibole asbestos  (ISO)
andrographolide  (EXP)
aniline  (ISO)
anthra[1,9-cd]pyrazol-6(2H)-one  (ISO)
antimonite  (ISO)
apigenin  (ISO)
apocynin  (EXP,ISO)
arachidonic acid  (EXP)
aristolochic acid A  (EXP)
arjunolic acid  (EXP)
Aroclor 1254  (EXP,ISO)
arsane  (EXP,ISO)
arsenic atom  (EXP,ISO)
arsenite(3-)  (EXP,ISO)
arsenous acid  (EXP,ISO)
astaxanthin  (ISO)
astragaloside IV  (EXP)
atenolol  (EXP,ISO)
atorvastatin calcium  (EXP)
ATP  (EXP,ISO)
atrasentan  (EXP)
atrazine  (EXP,ISO)
azide  (ISO)
Bandrowski's base  (ISO)
barium(0)  (ISO)
bathocuproine disulfonic acid  (ISO)
benazepril  (ISO)
benfotiamine  (ISO)
benidipine  (EXP)
benzo[a]pyrene  (EXP,ISO)
benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide I  (ISO)
Benzoyl peroxide  (ISO)
berberine  (EXP,ISO)
Bergenin  (ISO)
beta-carotene  (ISO)
bezafibrate  (ISO)
bifenthrin  (EXP,ISO)
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (EXP,ISO)
bisphenol A  (EXP,ISO)
bisphenol F  (ISO)
bleomycin A2  (EXP,ISO)
boron atom  (EXP)
bosentan  (ISO)
Brodifacoum  (EXP)
bromobenzene  (EXP)
bromocriptine  (ISO)
brucine  (EXP)
Brusatol  (ISO)
Bucillamine  (ISO)
buprofezin  (ISO)
bupropion  (EXP)
Butylbenzyl phthalate  (ISO)
butyric acid  (ISO)
C60 fullerene  (ISO)
cadmium atom  (EXP,ISO)
cadmium dichloride  (EXP,ISO)
caffeine  (ISO)
calcitriol  (ISO)
calcium atom  (EXP,ISO)
calcium oxalate  (EXP)
calcium silicate  (EXP)
calcium(0)  (EXP,ISO)
camphene  (EXP)
camptothecin  (ISO)
cannabidiol  (EXP,ISO)
capecitabine  (EXP)
captan  (ISO)
captopril  (EXP)
carbon dioxide  (ISO)
carbon monoxide  (ISO)
carbon nanotube  (ISO)
carbonates  (ISO)
carboplatin  (EXP)
carmustine  (ISO)
carnosic acid  (EXP,ISO)
carnosine  (ISO)
carteolol  (ISO)
carvedilol  (EXP)
casticin  (ISO)
celecoxib  (ISO)
cerium trichloride  (ISO)
ceruletide  (ISO)
chitosan  (EXP)
chlorite  (ISO)
chlorobenzene  (ISO)
chlorohydrocarbon  (ISO)
chloropicrin  (ISO)
chloroquine  (ISO)
chlorpromazine  (EXP)
chlorpyrifos  (EXP,ISO)
choline  (ISO)
chromium atom  (EXP,ISO)
chromium(6+)  (EXP,ISO)
chrysazin  (ISO)
cilostazol  (EXP)
cinnamyl alcohol  (ISO)
ciprofibrate  (EXP)
cisplatin  (EXP,ISO)
clofibrate  (ISO)
clozapine  (EXP,ISO)
cobalt dichloride  (EXP,ISO)
cocaine  (ISO)
colforsin daropate hydrochloride  (ISO)
copper atom  (EXP,ISO)
copper(0)  (EXP,ISO)
copper(II) chloride  (ISO)
copper(II) sulfate  (EXP,ISO)
cordycepin  (EXP,ISO)
corn oil  (ISO)
corticosterone  (EXP)
crocidolite asbestos  (EXP,ISO)
crotonaldehyde  (EXP)
CU-O LINKAGE  (ISO)
Cuprizon  (ISO)
curcumin  (EXP,ISO)
cyclophosphamide  (EXP,ISO)
cyclosporin A  (ISO)
cylindrospermopsin  (EXP,ISO)
cypermethrin  (EXP,ISO)
D-aspartic acid  (ISO)
D-gluconic acid  (ISO)
D-glucose  (EXP,ISO)
D-penicillamine  (ISO)
DDD  (EXP)
DDE  (EXP,ISO)
DDT  (EXP)
Decursin  (ISO)
deferiprone  (EXP)
deoxynivalenol  (ISO)
desferrioxamine B  (ISO)
dexamethasone  (EXP,ISO)
dexmedetomidine  (EXP)
diallyl disulfide  (EXP)
Diallyl sulfide  (EXP)
diallyl trisulfide  (EXP)
diarsenic trioxide  (EXP,ISO)
diazinon  (EXP)
dibenzo[a,l]pyrene  (ISO)
dibutyl phthalate  (EXP,ISO)
dichloromethane  (ISO)
dichromium trioxide  (ISO)
diclofenac  (EXP,ISO)
dicoumarol  (EXP)
dicrotophos  (ISO)
dieldrin  (EXP)
diethyl phthalate  (ISO)
diethyldithiocarbamic acid  (EXP,ISO)
diethylstilbestrol  (EXP)
difenoconazole  (EXP)
dihydroartemisinin  (ISO)
dihydrogen  (ISO)
diisobutyl phthalate  (ISO)
diisononyl phthalate  (ISO)
dimethyl fumarate  (EXP)
Dimethyl phthalate  (EXP)
dimethylarsinic acid  (EXP,ISO)
dimethylarsinous acid  (ISO)
dioleoyl phosphatidic acid  (ISO)
dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine  (ISO)
Diosbulbin B  (ISO)
dioxygen  (EXP,ISO)
dipentyl phthalate  (EXP)
dipotassium bis[mu-tartrato(4-)]diantimonate(2-) trihydrate  (ISO)
diprotium  (ISO)
diprotium oxide  (ISO)
diquat  (EXP,ISO)
disodium cromoglycate  (EXP)
disodium selenite  (EXP,ISO)
disulfiram  (ISO)
docebenone  (EXP)
donepezil hydrochloride  (EXP)
dopamine  (EXP,ISO)
doxepin  (EXP)
doxorubicin  (EXP,ISO)
doxycycline  (ISO)
ebselen  (ISO)
edaravone  (EXP)
elemental boron  (EXP)
elemental selenium  (EXP)
ellagic acid  (EXP)
emamectin benzoate  (EXP)
emodin  (ISO)
enalapril  (ISO)
endosulfan  (EXP,ISO)
enilconazole  (ISO)
enniatin  (ISO)
enzyme inhibitor  (EXP,ISO)
eplerenone  (EXP)
erdosteine  (ISO)
esculetin  (ISO)
ethanol  (EXP,ISO)
ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid  (ISO)
eugenol  (ISO)
fenitrothion  (EXP)
fenvalerate  (EXP)
ferric ammonium citrate  (ISO)
ferric oxide  (ISO)
finasteride  (EXP)
fipronil  (EXP,ISO)
flutamide  (EXP)
folic acid  (EXP,ISO)
folpet  (ISO)
formaldehyde  (EXP)
formic acid  (ISO)
FR900359  (ISO)
fructose  (EXP,ISO)
fulvestrant  (ISO)
fumonisin B1  (ISO)
furan  (EXP,ISO)
Galbanic acid  (ISO)
gamma-tocopherol  (ISO)
Gastrodin  (ISO)
genistein  (EXP,ISO)
gentamycin  (EXP)
geraniol  (EXP,ISO)
gingerol  (ISO)
Ginkgolide C  (EXP)
ginsenoside Re  (ISO)
Ginsenoside Rh4  (ISO)
glafenine  (EXP)
glucose  (EXP,ISO)
glutathione  (ISO)
Glutathione ethyl ester  (EXP)
glyburide  (EXP)
glycerol  (ISO)
glycine  (ISO)
glyphosate  (ISO)
gold atom  (ISO)
gold(0)  (ISO)
guanidine  (ISO)
GW 501516  (ISO)
haloperidol  (EXP)
hesperetin  (ISO)
hexachlorobenzene  (EXP,ISO)
hexadecanoic acid  (EXP,ISO)
histamine  (ISO)
homocysteine  (EXP)
hyaluronic acid  (EXP)
hydrazine  (EXP)
hydrogen peroxide  (EXP,ISO)
hydrogencarbonate  (ISO)
hydroquinone  (ISO)
hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside  (EXP)
hydroxylamine  (EXP)
hypochlorous acid  (ISO)
icosanoid  (EXP)
Idoxifene  (EXP)
imetit  (EXP)
imidazopyrazole  (ISO)
indole-3-acetic acid  (ISO)
indole-3-methanol  (EXP)
indometacin  (EXP,ISO)
inulin  (ISO)
irinotecan  (ISO)
iron atom  (EXP,ISO)
iron dextran  (EXP)
iron(0)  (EXP,ISO)
iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous)  (ISO)
iron(III) nitrilotriacetate  (EXP)
isatin  (ISO)
isoeugenol  (ISO)
isoflurane  (EXP)
isoniazide  (ISO)
isoprenaline  (EXP,ISO)
ivermectin  (ISO)
kaempferide  (ISO)
kaempferol  (ISO)
kainic acid  (ISO)
ketoconazole  (EXP)
ketorolac tromethamine  (EXP)
kojic acid  (EXP)
L-1,4-dithiothreitol  (ISO)
L-ascorbic acid  (EXP,ISO)
L-methionine  (EXP,ISO)
lactacystin  (ISO)
lactose  (EXP)
lapatinib  (ISO)
lead diacetate  (EXP,ISO)
lead nitrate  (EXP)
lead(0)  (EXP,ISO)
lead(II) chloride  (ISO)
lenalidomide  (ISO)
levetiracetam  (EXP)
limonene  (EXP)
linsidomine  (ISO)
lipoic acid  (EXP)
lipopolysaccharide  (EXP,ISO)
lithium atom  (EXP)
lithium hydride  (EXP)
lithocholic acid  (EXP)
lutein  (ISO)
luteolin  (ISO)
luzindole  (ISO)
LY294002  (ISO)
lycopene  (ISO)
magnesium sulfate  (EXP)
malathion  (EXP,ISO)
malonaldehyde  (EXP)
mancozeb  (ISO)
maneb  (EXP,ISO)
manganese atom  (ISO)
manganese(0)  (ISO)
manganese(II) chloride  (ISO)
mangiferin  (ISO)
manumycin A  (ISO)
medroxyprogesterone acetate  (ISO)
mefenamic acid  (ISO)
melamine  (ISO)
melatonin  (EXP,ISO)
menadione  (ISO)
mephedrone  (EXP)
mercaptoethanol  (ISO)
mercury atom  (EXP)
mercury dichloride  (EXP)
mercury(0)  (EXP)
metacetamol  (EXP,ISO)
metformin  (EXP,ISO)
methamphetamine  (EXP,ISO)
methidathion  (ISO)
methotrexate  (EXP,ISO)
methoxychlor  (EXP,ISO)
methylarsonic acid  (EXP,ISO)
methylglyoxal  (ISO)
methylmercury chloride  (EXP,ISO)
microcystin RR  (ISO)
microcystin-LR  (EXP,ISO)
Miltirone  (ISO)
mitomycin C  (ISO)
Mitotane  (EXP)
mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate  (ISO)
monobenzyl phthalate  (ISO)
Monobutylphthalate  (ISO)
monoethyl phthalate  (ISO)
monosodium L-glutamate  (ISO)
N'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methylformamidine  (EXP)
N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine  (ISO)
N,N-dimethylformamide  (ISO)
N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide  (EXP)
N-acetyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine  (ISO)
N-acetyl-L-cysteine  (EXP,ISO)
N-acetylsphingosine  (ISO)
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal  (ISO)
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea  (ISO)
N-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium  (EXP,ISO)
N-nitrosodiethylamine  (EXP,ISO)
N-nitrosodimethylamine  (EXP)
N-nitrosomorpholine  (EXP)
nickel atom  (EXP)
nickel dichloride  (EXP,ISO)
nickel sulfate  (ISO)
nicotinamide  (EXP,ISO)
nicotine  (EXP,ISO)
nifuroxazide  (EXP)
nimesulide  (EXP)
nitric oxide  (EXP,ISO)
nitrites  (ISO)
nitrofen  (EXP)
nitrogen dioxide  (EXP,ISO)
nitroprusside  (ISO)
nitroxoline  (ISO)
ochratoxin A  (EXP,ISO)
octadecanoic acid  (EXP)
okadaic acid  (ISO)
olanzapine  (EXP,ISO)
oleanolic acid  (EXP,ISO)
oleic acid  (ISO)
oltipraz  (ISO)
omeprazole  (ISO)
oxidopamine  (EXP,ISO)
ozone  (EXP,ISO)
p-menthan-3-ol  (ISO)
paclitaxel  (EXP)
paracetamol  (EXP,ISO)
paraquat  (EXP,ISO)
paricalcitol  (ISO)
parthenolide  (EXP)
patulin  (ISO)
PCB138  (EXP)
pentachlorophenol  (EXP)
pentetrazol  (EXP)
peptidoglycan  (EXP)
perfluorobutanesulfonic acid  (ISO)
perfluorobutyric acid  (ISO)
perfluorodecanoic acid  (ISO)
perfluorododecanoic acid  (EXP,ISO)
perfluoroheptanoic acid  (ISO)
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid  (ISO)
perfluorohexanoic acid  (ISO)
perfluorooctane-1-sulfonic acid  (EXP,ISO)
perfluorooctanesulfonamide  (ISO)
perfluorooctanoic acid  (ISO)
perfluoropentanoic acid  (ISO)
perfluoroundecanoic acid  (EXP,ISO)
permethrin  (EXP)
peroxides  (ISO)
peroxynitrous acid  (ISO)
phencyclidine  (ISO)
phenethyl caffeate  (ISO)
phenobarbital  (EXP)
phenylpropanolamine  (EXP)
phlorizin  (ISO)
phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate  (ISO)
picoxystrobin  (ISO)
pioglitazone  (ISO)
piperazine  (ISO)
Pipermethystine  (EXP)
pipoxolan  (ISO)
pirinixic acid  (EXP,ISO)
porphyrins  (ISO)
potassium bromate  (EXP,ISO)
potassium chloride  (EXP,ISO)
potassium cyanide  (ISO)
potassium dichromate  (EXP,ISO)
potassium hydroxide  (ISO)
potassium iodide  (EXP)
profenofos  (EXP)
progesterone  (EXP,ISO)
propane-1,2-diol  (ISO)
propofol  (EXP)
pterostilbene  (ISO)
purines  (EXP)
Pyridostigmine bromide  (ISO)
pyrimethamine  (ISO)
pyrogallol  (EXP)
pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate  (ISO)
pyruvic acid  (ISO)
quercetin  (EXP,ISO)
quetiapine fumarate  (EXP,ISO)
quinolinic acid  (EXP)
raloxifene  (ISO)
reactive oxygen species  (EXP,ISO)
resolvin D1  (ISO)
resveratrol  (EXP,ISO)
risperidone  (EXP)
rofecoxib  (ISO)
rosmarinic acid  (ISO)
rosuvastatin calcium  (EXP)
rotenone  (EXP,ISO)
rutin  (ISO)
ruxolitinib  (ISO)
S-adenosyl-L-methioninate  (ISO)
S-adenosyl-L-methionine  (ISO)
S-allylcysteine  (ISO)
S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine  (ISO)
S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-penicillamine  (ISO)
Salidroside  (ISO)
Salinomycin  (ISO)
Salvianolic acid A  (ISO)
sarin  (EXP)
SB 431542  (ISO)
selenic acid  (ISO)
selenium atom  (EXP)
selenocystine  (ISO)
selenomethionine  (ISO)
serpentine asbestos  (ISO)
Sesamol  (EXP)
silicic acid  (ISO)
silicon dioxide  (EXP,ISO)
silver atom  (EXP,ISO)
silver(0)  (EXP,ISO)
silver(1+) nitrate  (ISO)
sodium arsenite  (EXP,ISO)
sodium chloride  (EXP)
sodium dichromate  (EXP)
sodium dodecyl sulfate  (EXP,ISO)
sodium fluoride  (EXP)
sodium sulfide (anhydrous)  (ISO)
spironolactone  (EXP)
starch  (ISO)
sterigmatocystin  (EXP)
streptozocin  (EXP,ISO)
sucrose  (EXP,ISO)
sulfasalazine  (ISO)
sulfluramid  (ISO)
sulfonyldimethane  (ISO)
sulforaphane  (EXP,ISO)
sulfur dioxide  (EXP)
sulindac  (ISO)
sunitinib  (EXP)
superoxide  (ISO)
syringic acid  (EXP)
T-2 toxin  (EXP,ISO)
tamoxifen  (EXP)
tannic acid  (EXP)
taurocholic acid  (EXP)
telmisartan  (EXP)
terephthalic acid  (EXP)
tert-butyl hydroperoxide  (ISO)
testosterone enanthate  (EXP)
tetrachloromethane  (EXP,ISO)
tetrathiomolybdate(2-)  (EXP,ISO)
thalidomide  (EXP,ISO)
thallium  (EXP)
thallium(I) acetate  (EXP)
thapsigargin  (ISO)
thiacloprid  (EXP)
thiamethoxam  (EXP)
thimerosal  (ISO)
thioacetamide  (EXP,ISO)
thiostrepton  (ISO)
thymoquinone  (EXP,ISO)
thyroxine  (EXP)
tin atom  (ISO)
tin(0)  (ISO)
Tiopronin  (ISO)
Tiron  (ISO)
titanium atom  (ISO)
titanium dioxide  (ISO)
tolcapone  (ISO)
tramadol  (EXP)
trans-isoeugenol  (ISO)
Tributyltin oxide  (EXP)
trichloroethene  (EXP)
triclosan  (ISO)
trimethylenediamine  (ISO)
triolein  (EXP)
triphenyl phosphate  (ISO)
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate  (ISO)
tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate  (ISO)
troglitazone  (ISO)
tungsten  (ISO)
tunicamycin  (ISO)
urethane  (ISO)
valproic acid  (EXP,ISO)
valsartan  (EXP,ISO)
venlafaxine hydrochloride  (EXP)
verapamil  (EXP)
vincaleukoblastine  (ISO)
vinclozolin  (EXP)
vitamin E  (EXP,ISO)
water  (ISO)
yttrium chloride  (EXP)
zearalenone  (EXP)
zinc acetate  (ISO)
zinc atom  (EXP,ISO)
zinc dichloride  (EXP)
zinc oxide  (ISO)
zinc pyrithione  (ISO)
zinc sulfate  (ISO)
zinc(0)  (EXP,ISO)

Gene Ontology Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View

Biological Process
action potential initiation  (ISO)
anterograde axonal transport  (ISO)
apoptotic process  (ISO)
auditory receptor cell stereocilium organization  (ISO,ISS)
cellular response to ATP  (IEP)
cellular response to cadmium ion  (IEP)
cellular response to oxidative stress  (IEP)
cellular response to potassium ion  (IEP)
determination of adult lifespan  (ISO)
ectopic germ cell programmed cell death  (ISO)
embryo implantation  (ISO,ISS)
gene expression  (ISO)
glutathione metabolic process  (ISO,ISS)
heart contraction  (IEA,ISO,ISS)
hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process  (IDA,IEA,IMP,ISO,ISS)
intracellular iron ion homeostasis  (ISO,ISS)
locomotory behavior  (ISO,ISS)
muscle cell cellular homeostasis  (ISO,ISS)
myeloid cell homeostasis  (ISO,ISS)
negative regulation of apoptotic process  (IMP,ISO)
negative regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process  (IEA,ISO,ISS)
negative regulation of developmental process  (ISO)
negative regulation of inflammatory response  (ISO)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process  (ISO,ISS)
negative regulation of reproductive process  (ISO)
neurofilament cytoskeleton organization  (ISO,ISS)
neuronal action potential  (ISO)
ovarian follicle development  (ISO,ISS)
peripheral nervous system myelin maintenance  (ISO,ISS)
positive regulation of cytokine production  (IEA,ISO,ISS)
positive regulation of MAPK cascade  (ISO,ISS)
positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway  (IEA,ISO)
positive regulation of phagocytosis  (ISO)
positive regulation of superoxide anion generation  (IEA,ISO)
reactive oxygen species metabolic process  (ISO,ISS)
regulation of blood pressure  (ISO,ISS)
regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential  (IEA,ISO,ISS)
regulation of multicellular organism growth  (ISO,ISS)
relaxation of vascular associated smooth muscle  (ISO,ISS)
removal of superoxide radicals  (IBA,IDA,IEA,IMP,ISO,ISS,TAS)
response to amphetamine  (IEP)
response to antipsychotic drug  (IEP)
response to axon injury  (ISO,ISS)
response to carbon monoxide  (IEP)
response to copper ion  (IEP,IMP)
response to ethanol  (ISO,ISS)
response to heat  (ISO,ISS)
response to hydrogen peroxide  (ISO,ISS)
response to nutrient levels  (IDA,IEP)
response to organic substance  (IEA,ISO,ISS)
response to oxidative stress  (IMP,ISO,TAS)
response to reactive oxygen species  (ISO)
response to superoxide  (ISO,ISS)
response to xenobiotic stimulus  (ISO)
retina homeostasis  (ISO,ISS)
retrograde axonal transport  (ISO)
sensory perception of sound  (ISO,ISS)
spermatogenesis  (ISO,ISS)
superoxide anion generation  (ISO)
superoxide metabolic process  (IDA,ISO,ISS,TAS)
transmission of nerve impulse  (ISO,ISS)

Cellular Component
axon cytoplasm  (IEA)
cytoplasm  (ISO,ISS)
cytoplasmic vesicle  (IEA,ISO,ISS)
cytosol  (IBA,IEA,ISO,ISS)
dendrite cytoplasm  (IEA,ISO,ISS)
dense core granule  (IDA)
extracellular region  (IDA)
extracellular space  (IEA,ISO)
lysosome  (IDA)
mitochondrion  (IBA,IEA,ISO,ISS)
neuronal cell body  (IDA,IEA,ISO,ISS)
nucleoplasm  (IEA,ISO)
nucleus  (IBA,IEA,ISO,ISS)
peroxisome  (IBA,IDA,IEA,ISO)
plasma membrane  (IEA,ISO,ISS)
protein-containing complex  (IDA,IEA,ISO,ISS)
secretory granule  (IDA)

Molecular Function
copper ion binding  (IBA,IEA,IMP,ISO,ISS,TAS)
enzyme binding  (IPI)
identical protein binding  (IEA,ISO)
protein binding  (ISO)
protein phosphatase 2B binding  (IDA,IEA,ISO,ISS)
protein-folding chaperone binding  (IEA,ISO,ISS)
small GTPase binding  (IEA,ISO)
superoxide dismutase activity  (IBA,IDA,IEA,IMP,ISO,ISS)
zinc ion binding  (IEA,ISO,ISS)

Molecular Pathway Annotations     Click to see Annotation Detail View
References

References - curated
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74. Evidence for oxidative stress in the developing cerebellum of the rat after chronic mild carbon monoxide exposure (0.0025% in air). Lopez IA, etal., BMC Neurosci. 2009 May 27;10:53.
75. Oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme upregulation in SOD1-G93A mouse skeletal muscle. Mahoney DJ, etal., Muscle Nerve. 2006 Jun;33(6):809-16.
76. Comparative analysis of the time-dependent functional and molecular changes in spinal cord degeneration induced by the G93A SOD1 gene mutation and by mechanical compression. Malaspina A, etal., BMC Genomics. 2008 Oct 23;9:500.
77. Blood expression profiles of fragile X premutation carriers identify candidate genes involved in neurodegenerative and infertility phenotypes. Mateu-Huertas E, etal., Neurobiol Dis. 2014 May;65:43-54. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.12.020. Epub 2014 Jan 10.
78. Regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation by hepatic adiponectin receptor 2 in an animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Matsunami T, etal., Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2010 May 22;3(5):472-81.
79. Cu/Zn SOD deficiency potentiates hearing loss and cochlear pathology in aged 129,CD-1 mice. McFadden SL, etal., J Comp Neurol. 1999 Oct 11;413(1):101-12.
80. The Influence of Superoxide Dismutase and Glutathione Peroxidase Deficiencies on Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice. McFadden SL, etal., Noise Health. 2001;3(11):49-64.
81. Rat ISS GO annotations from MGI mouse gene data--August 2006 MGD data from the GO Consortium
82. Proteomic analysis of rat retina in a steroid-induced ocular hypertension model: potential vulnerability to oxidative stress. Miyara N, etal., Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2008 Mar-Apr;52(2):84-90. Epub 2008 Apr 30.
83. SOD1 (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase) deficiency drives amyloid beta protein oligomerization and memory loss in mouse model of Alzheimer disease. Murakami K, etal., J Biol Chem. 2011 Dec 30;286(52):44557-68. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.279208. Epub 2011 Nov 9.
84. Rats expressing human cytosolic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase transgenes with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: associated mutations develop motor neuron disease. Nagai M, etal., J Neurosci. 2001 Dec 1;21(23):9246-54.
85. Electronic Transfer of LocusLink and RefSeq Data NCBI rat LocusLink and RefSeq merged data July 26, 2002
86. Bilirubin is highly effective in preventing in vivo delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced oxidative cell damage. Noriega GO, etal., Biochim Biophys Acta 2003 Jul 14;1638(2):173-8.
87. The effects of 2% rebamipide ophthalmic solution on the tear functions and ocular surface of the superoxide dismutase-1 (sod1) knockout mice. Ohguchi T, etal., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Nov 21;54(12):7793-802. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-13128.
88. Targeted deletion of the cytosolic Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene (Sod1) increases susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss. Ohlemiller KK, etal., Audiol Neurootol. 1999 Sep-Oct;4(5):237-46.
89. Enhanced diabetes-induced cataract in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase-null mice. Olofsson EM, etal., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Jun;50(6):2913-8. Epub 2009 Mar 25.
90. OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline
91. Reduction in superoxide dismutase expression in the epithelial mucosa of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Ono N, etal., Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;162(2):173-80. doi: 10.1159/000353122. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
92. Superoxide dismutase in the prostate lobes of aging Brown Norway rats. Pechenino AS and Brown TR, Prostate. 2006 Apr 1;66(5):522-35.
93. KEGG Annotation Import Pipeline Pipeline to import KEGG annotations from KEGG into RGD
94. PID Annotation Import Pipeline Pipeline to import Pathway Interaction Database annotations from NCI into RGD
95. Genetic polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes in preterm infants. Poggi C, etal., J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Oct;25 Suppl 4:131-4. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2012.714976.
96. Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is released by microglial cells and confers neuroprotection against 6-OHDA neurotoxicity. Polazzi E, etal., Neurosignals. 2013;21(1-2):112-28. doi: 10.1159/000337115. Epub 2012 May 9.
97. Isolation and nucleotide sequence of rat Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase cDNA clones. Puga A and Oates EL, Free Radic Res Commun 1987;3(6):337-46.
98. Exploration of molecular factors impairing superoxide dismutase isoforms activity in human senile cataractous lenses. Rajkumar S, etal., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013 Sep 17;54(9):6224-33. doi: 10.1167/iovs.13-11935.
99. Contrasting and cooperative effects of copper and iron deficiencies in male rats fed different concentrations of manganese and different sources of sulfur amino acids in an AIN-93G-based diet. Reeves PG, etal., J Nutr. 2004 Feb;134(2):416-25.
100. GOA pipeline RGD automated data pipeline
101. ClinVar Automated Import and Annotation Pipeline RGD automated import pipeline for ClinVar variants, variant-to-disease annotations and gene-to-disease annotations
102. Data Import for Chemical-Gene Interactions RGD automated import pipeline for gene-chemical interactions
103. Superoxide dismutase isoforms 1 and 2 in lumbar spinal cord of neonatal rats after sciatic nerve transection and melatonin treatment. Rogerio F, etal., Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 2005 Feb 8;154(2):217-25. Epub 2005 Jan 16.
104. Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rosen DR, etal., Nature 1993 Mar 4;362(6415):59-62.
105. Evidence of calcium- and SNARE-dependent release of CuZn superoxide dismutase from rat pituitary GH3 cells and synaptosomes in response to depolarization. Santillo M, etal., J Neurochem. 2007 Aug;102(3):679-85. Epub 2007 Apr 2.
106. Rapid disease progression correlates with instability of mutant SOD1 in familial ALS. Sato T, etal., Neurology. 2005 Dec 27;65(12):1954-7. Epub 2005 Nov 16.
107. Characterization of superoxide dismutases in cardiac progenitor cells demonstrates a critical role for manganese superoxide dismutase. Seshadri G, etal., Stem Cells Dev. 2012 Nov 20;21(17):3136-46. doi: 10.1089/scd.2012.0191. Epub 2012 Aug 1.
108. Predictive model for earlier diagnosis of suspected age-related macular degeneration patients. Sharma NK, etal., DNA Cell Biol. 2013 Sep;32(9):549-55. doi: 10.1089/dna.2013.2072. Epub 2013 Jul 13.
109. Activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP)-derived peptide (NAP) ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia induced oxidative stress in rat brain. Sharma NK, etal., Peptides. 2011 Jun;32(6):1217-24. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.03.016. Epub 2011 Mar 29.
110. Chronic hypoxia aggravates renal injury via suppression of Cu/Zn-SOD: a proteomic analysis. Son D, etal., Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008 Jan;294(1):F62-72. Epub 2007 Oct 24.
111. Effects of caloric restriction on mitochondrial function and gene transcripts in rat muscle. Sreekumar R, etal., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2002 Jul;283(1):E38-43.
112. Oxidative stress in aging in the C57B16/J mouse cochlea. Staecker H, etal., Acta Otolaryngol. 2001 Sep;121(6):666-72.
113. Heterozygous deficiency of manganese superoxide dismutase results in severe lipid peroxidation and spontaneous apoptosis in murine myocardium in vivo. Strassburger M, etal., Free Radic Biol Med. 2005 Jun 1;38(11):1458-70.
114. Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Strausberg RL, etal., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11.
115. Genes contributing to prion pathogenesis. Tamgüney G, etal., J Gen Virol. 2008 Jul;89(Pt 7):1777-88. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.2008/001255-0.
116. Overexpression of human copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) suppresses ischemia-reperfusion injury and subsequent development of graft coronary artery disease in murine cardiac grafts. Tanaka M, etal., Circulation. 2004 Sep 14;110(11 Suppl 1):II200-6.
117. Propargylamines induce antiapoptotic new protein synthesis in serum- and nerve growth factor (NGF)-withdrawn, NGF-differentiated PC-12 cells. Tatton WG, etal., J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 May;301(2):753-64.
118. Serum oxidant/antioxidant status in patients with Behcet's disease. Taysi S, etal., Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2002 Fall;32(4):377-82.
119. SOD1: a candidate gene for keratoconus. Udar N, etal., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006 Aug;47(8):3345-51.
120. Overexpression of SOD in retina: need for increase in H2O2-detoxifying enzyme in same cellular compartment. Usui S, etal., Free Radic Biol Med. 2011 Oct 1;51(7):1347-54. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.010. Epub 2011 Jul 5.
121. Increased expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase 2 reduces cone cell death in retinitis pigmentosa. Usui S, etal., Mol Ther. 2009 May;17(5):778-86. doi: 10.1038/mt.2009.47. Epub 2009 Mar 17.
122. Limiting iron availability confers neuroprotection from chronic mild carbon monoxide exposure in the developing auditory system of the rat. Webber DS, etal., J Neurosci Res. 2005 Jun 1;80(5):620-33.
123. Dietary red palm oil protects the heart against the cytotoxic effects of anthracycline. Wergeland A, etal., Cell Biochem Funct. 2011 Jul;29(5):356-64. doi: 10.1002/cbf.1756. Epub 2011 May 16.
124. Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase is lower and copper chaperone CCS is higher in erythrocytes of copper-deficient rats and mice. West EC and Prohaska JR, Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2004 Sep;229(8):756-64.
125. Delivery of the Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase gene with adenovirus reduces early alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. Wheeler MD, etal., Gastroenterology. 2001 Apr;120(5):1241-50.
126. Comparison of the effect of adenoviral delivery of three superoxide dismutase genes against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Wheeler MD, etal., Hum Gene Ther. 2001 Dec 10;12(18):2167-77.
127. Copper delivery to the CNS by CuATSM effectively treats motor neuron disease in SOD(G93A) mice co-expressing the Copper-Chaperone-for-SOD. Williams JR, etal., Neurobiol Dis. 2016 May;89:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.020. Epub 2016 Jan 27.
128. SOD1 in cerebral spinal fluid as a pharmacodynamic marker for antisense oligonucleotide therapy. Winer L, etal., JAMA Neurol. 2013 Feb;70(2):201-7. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.593.
129. Prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction in post-traumatic mouse brain by superoxide dismutase. Xiong Y, etal., J Neurochem. 2005 Nov;95(3):732-44.
130. Genetic redox preconditioning differentially modulates AP-1 and NF kappa B responses following cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and protects against necrosis and apoptosis. Yang J, etal., Mol Ther. 2003 Mar;7(3):341-53.
131. The chronological characteristics of SOD1 activity and inflammatory response in the hippocampi of STZ-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Yi SS, etal., Neurochem Res. 2011 Jan;36(1):117-28. doi: 10.1007/s11064-010-0280-6. Epub 2010 Oct 6.
132. Genetic reduction of lipoic acid synthase expression modestly increases atherosclerosis in male, but not in female, apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Yi X, etal., Atherosclerosis. 2010 Aug;211(2):424-30. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.03.009. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
133. Overexpression of SOD1 in transgenic rats attenuates nuclear translocation of endonuclease G and apoptosis after spinal cord injury. Yu F, etal., J Neurotrauma. 2006 May;23(5):595-603.
134. Spatial and temporal correlation of nitric oxide synthase expression with CuZn-superoxide dismutase reduction in motor neurons following axotomy. Yu WH Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002 May;962:111-21.
135. Retinal ganglion cell loss in superoxide dismutase 1 deficiency. Yuki K, etal., Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Jun 13;52(7):4143-50. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-6294.
136. Systemic administration of PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein improves functional recovery by inhibition of neuronal cell death after spinal cord injury. Yune TY, etal., Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Oct 15;45(8):1190-200. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.07.016. Epub 2008 Jul 27.
137. [Effects of noise exposure level on the relationship between SNPs of SOD1 and the susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL)]. Zeng WF, etal., Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2012 Jul;30(7):504-8.
138. A maternal high-fat diet represses the expression of antioxidant defense genes and induces the cellular senescence pathway in the liver of male offspring rats. Zhang X, etal., J Nutr. 2011 Jul;141(7):1254-9. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.139576. Epub 2011 May 11.
139. Genetic polymorphisms of superoxide dismutases, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in age-related cataract. Zhang Y, etal., Mol Vis. 2011;17:2325-32. Epub 2011 Aug 30.
140. In vivo protein transduction: delivery of PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein into myocardium efficiently protects against ischemic insult. Zhang YE, etal., Mol Cells. 2009 Feb 28;27(2):159-66. doi: 10.1007/s10059-009-0020-4. Epub 2009 Feb 20.
141. PEP-1-SOD1 protects brain from ischemic insult following asphyxial cardiac arrest in rats. Zhang YE, etal., Resuscitation. 2011 Aug;82(8):1081-6. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.01.034. Epub 2011 Apr 6.
Additional References at PubMed
PMID:291939   PMID:1332049   PMID:1379810   PMID:3790250   PMID:7172448   PMID:7444718   PMID:8224914   PMID:8673102   PMID:8837775   PMID:9453566   PMID:9516486   PMID:9539776  
PMID:9699963   PMID:9724058   PMID:9726962   PMID:9788901   PMID:10433959   PMID:10466888   PMID:10471451   PMID:10679476   PMID:11343650   PMID:11404260   PMID:11493445   PMID:11527942  
PMID:12223545   PMID:12433839   PMID:12551919   PMID:12646716   PMID:12871978   PMID:12921788   PMID:12968068   PMID:14575298   PMID:14651853   PMID:14679182   PMID:15317809   PMID:15372991  
PMID:15473258   PMID:15489334   PMID:15544046   PMID:15618443   PMID:15634772   PMID:15642323   PMID:16036348   PMID:16084734   PMID:16195234   PMID:16238459   PMID:16357131   PMID:16377630  
PMID:16567040   PMID:16631605   PMID:16688932   PMID:16716900   PMID:16770742   PMID:16790527   PMID:16831125   PMID:16854843   PMID:16942767   PMID:17008312   PMID:17059387   PMID:17077646  
PMID:17196988   PMID:17215005   PMID:17381088   PMID:17448893   PMID:17457363   PMID:17463094   PMID:17485834   PMID:17485853   PMID:17504823   PMID:17524832   PMID:17524834   PMID:17564305  
PMID:17592131   PMID:17634366   PMID:17675574   PMID:18008141   PMID:18049893   PMID:18219391   PMID:18417691   PMID:18510739   PMID:18614015   PMID:18720057   PMID:18809582   PMID:18817872  
PMID:18986331   PMID:19022905   PMID:19056867   PMID:19171884   PMID:19283469   PMID:19344250   PMID:19369197   PMID:19461023   PMID:19741096   PMID:19828437   PMID:20020182   PMID:20134035  
PMID:20221404   PMID:20510358   PMID:20663894   PMID:20815790   PMID:21257910   PMID:21331057   PMID:21393238   PMID:21625958   PMID:21630459   PMID:21745570   PMID:21942371   PMID:22178654  
PMID:22377061   PMID:22409357   PMID:22451871   PMID:22496122   PMID:22540739   PMID:22732938   PMID:22819776   PMID:22898625   PMID:22905402   PMID:22981416   PMID:23106098   PMID:23376485  
PMID:23533145   PMID:23736301   PMID:23831581   PMID:23911387   PMID:24006456   PMID:24023695   PMID:24140062   PMID:24291387   PMID:24527463   PMID:24567322   PMID:24784232   PMID:25002582  
PMID:25293488   PMID:25381879   PMID:25411487   PMID:25825172   PMID:26047849   PMID:26071777   PMID:26115885   PMID:26316108   PMID:26503970   PMID:26881025   PMID:27025721   PMID:27130034  
PMID:27464601   PMID:28011267   PMID:28290603   PMID:28697486   PMID:28973175   PMID:29299811   PMID:29847079   PMID:30315929   PMID:33516815   PMID:34944019   PMID:35022040   PMID:35307768  
PMID:35998476  


Genomics

Comparative Map Data
Sod1
(Rattus norvegicus - Norway rat)
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCr81142,942,742 - 42,948,399 (+)NCBIGRCr8
mRatBN7.21129,456,673 - 29,462,249 (+)NCBImRatBN7.2mRatBN7.2
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl1129,456,558 - 29,462,249 (+)EnsemblmRatBN7.2 Ensembl
UTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx1138,144,681 - 38,150,257 (+)NCBIRnor_SHRUTH_Rnor_SHR_Utx
UTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.01130,816,072 - 30,821,648 (+)NCBIRnor_SHRSPUTH_Rnor_SHRSP_BbbUtx_1.0
UTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.01130,005,455 - 30,011,012 (+)NCBIRnor_WKYUTH_Rnor_WKY_Bbb_1.0
Rnor_6.01130,363,282 - 30,368,858 (+)NCBIRnor6.0Rnor_6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl1130,363,280 - 30,368,862 (+)EnsemblRnor6.0rn6Rnor6.0
Rnor_5.01133,982,764 - 33,988,340 (+)NCBIRnor5.0Rnor_5.0rn5Rnor5.0
RGSC_v3.41129,810,766 - 29,816,342 (-)NCBIRGSC3.4RGSC_v3.4rn4RGSC3.4
RGSC_v3.11129,810,765 - 29,816,342 (-)NCBI
Celera1129,143,740 - 29,149,316 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map11q11NCBI
SOD1
(Homo sapiens - human)
Human AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCh382131,659,693 - 31,668,931 (+)NCBIGRCh38GRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh38.p14 Ensembl2131,659,666 - 31,668,931 (+)EnsemblGRCh38hg38GRCh38
GRCh372133,032,006 - 33,041,244 (+)NCBIGRCh37GRCh37hg19GRCh37
Build 362131,953,806 - 31,963,115 (+)NCBINCBI36Build 36hg18NCBI36
Build 342131,953,805 - 31,963,112NCBI
Celera2118,215,252 - 18,224,561 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map21q22.11ENTREZGENE
HuRef2118,441,963 - 18,451,272 (+)NCBIHuRef
CHM1_12132,593,921 - 32,603,230 (+)NCBICHM1_1
T2T-CHM13v2.02130,027,677 - 30,036,914 (+)NCBIT2T-CHM13v2.0
Sod1
(Mus musculus - house mouse)
Mouse AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
GRCm391690,017,650 - 90,023,221 (+)NCBIGRCm39GRCm39mm39
GRCm39 Ensembl1690,017,642 - 90,023,217 (+)EnsemblGRCm39 Ensembl
GRCm381690,220,762 - 90,226,333 (+)NCBIGRCm38GRCm38mm10GRCm38
GRCm38.p6 Ensembl1690,220,754 - 90,226,329 (+)EnsemblGRCm38mm10GRCm38
MGSCv371690,220,987 - 90,226,569 (+)NCBIGRCm37MGSCv37mm9NCBIm37
MGSCv361690,109,601 - 90,115,183 (+)NCBIMGSCv36mm8
Celera1690,416,380 - 90,421,958 (+)NCBICelera
Cytogenetic Map16C3.3NCBI
cM Map1651.56NCBI
Sod1
(Chinchilla lanigera - long-tailed chinchilla)
Chinchilla AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
ChiLan1.0 EnsemblNW_00495540731,263,863 - 31,267,727 (+)EnsemblChiLan1.0
ChiLan1.0NW_00495540731,261,451 - 31,267,657 (+)NCBIChiLan1.0ChiLan1.0
SOD1
(Pan paniscus - bonobo/pygmy chimpanzee)
Bonobo AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
NHGRI_mPanPan1-v22227,780,102 - 27,788,228 (+)NCBINHGRI_mPanPan1-v2
NHGRI_mPanPan12122,639,842 - 22,647,619 (+)NCBINHGRI_mPanPan1
Mhudiblu_PPA_v02118,029,831 - 18,037,526 (+)NCBIMhudiblu_PPA_v0Mhudiblu_PPA_v0panPan3
PanPan1.12131,411,702 - 31,419,432 (+)NCBIpanpan1.1PanPan1.1panPan2
SOD1
(Canis lupus familiaris - dog)
Dog AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
CanFam3.13126,540,291 - 26,544,212 (+)NCBICanFam3.1CanFam3.1canFam3CanFam3.1
CanFam3.1 Ensembl3126,486,274 - 26,662,815 (+)EnsemblCanFam3.1canFam3CanFam3.1
Dog10K_Boxer_Tasha3126,528,080 - 26,536,169 (+)NCBIDog10K_Boxer_Tasha
ROS_Cfam_1.03126,654,922 - 26,662,986 (+)NCBIROS_Cfam_1.0
ROS_Cfam_1.0 Ensembl3126,654,409 - 26,782,319 (+)EnsemblROS_Cfam_1.0 Ensembl
UMICH_Zoey_3.13126,600,785 - 26,608,887 (+)NCBIUMICH_Zoey_3.1
UNSW_CanFamBas_1.03126,612,632 - 26,620,712 (+)NCBIUNSW_CanFamBas_1.0
UU_Cfam_GSD_1.03127,118,829 - 27,126,937 (+)NCBIUU_Cfam_GSD_1.0
Sod1
(Ictidomys tridecemlineatus - thirteen-lined ground squirrel)
Squirrel AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
HiC_Itri_2NW_02440497127,114,944 - 27,122,669 (+)NCBIHiC_Itri_2
SpeTri2.0 EnsemblNW_00493650010,345,154 - 10,352,867 (-)EnsemblSpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0 Ensembl
SpeTri2.0NW_00493650010,345,154 - 10,352,873 (-)NCBISpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0SpeTri2.0
SOD1
(Sus scrofa - pig)
Pig AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
Sscrofa11.1 Ensembl13195,326,649 - 195,337,729 (+)EnsemblSscrofa11.1susScr11Sscrofa11.1
Sscrofa11.113195,326,573 - 195,335,273 (+)NCBISscrofa11.1Sscrofa11.1susScr11Sscrofa11.1
Sscrofa10.213205,620,994 - 205,629,705 (+)NCBISscrofa10.2Sscrofa10.2susScr3
SOD1
(Chlorocebus sabaeus - green monkey)
Green Monkey AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
ChlSab1.1260,461,219 - 60,472,999 (-)NCBIChlSab1.1ChlSab1.1chlSab2
Vero_WHO_p1.0NW_0236660713,004,172 - 3,013,463 (-)NCBIVero_WHO_p1.0Vero_WHO_p1.0
Sod1
(Heterocephalus glaber - naked mole-rat)
Naked Mole-Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)SourceGenome Browsers
JBrowseNCBIUCSCEnsembl
HetGla_female_1.0 EnsemblNW_00462474520,032,011 - 20,037,958 (+)EnsemblHetGla_female_1.0HetGla_female_1.0 EnsemblhetGla2
HetGla 1.0NW_00462474520,032,003 - 20,037,958 (+)NCBIHetGla_female_1.0HetGla 1.0hetGla2

Variants

.
Variants in Sod1
9 total Variants
miRNA Target Status

Predicted Target Of
Summary Value
Count of predictions:22
Count of miRNA genes:21
Interacting mature miRNAs:22
Transcripts:ENSRNOT00000002885
Prediction methods:Miranda, Rnahybrid, Targetscan
Result types:miRGate_prediction

The detailed report is available here: Full Report CSV TAB Printer

miRNA Target Status data imported from miRGate (http://mirgate.bioinfo.cnio.es/).
For more information about miRGate, see PMID:25858286 or access the full paper here.


QTLs in Region (mRatBN7.2)
The following QTLs overlap with this region.    Full Report CSV TAB Printer Gviewer
RGD IDSymbolNameLODP ValueTraitSub TraitChrStartStopSpecies
8694376Bw156Body weight QTL 1562.250.001body lean mass (VT:0010483)lean tissue morphological measurement (CMO:0002184)112328045668280456Rat
9590313Scort20Serum corticosterone level QTL 206.510.001blood corticosterone amount (VT:0005345)plasma corticosterone level (CMO:0001173)112328045668280456Rat
9589032Epfw10Epididymal fat weight QTL 109.290.001epididymal fat pad mass (VT:0010421)epididymal fat pad weight to body weight ratio (CMO:0000658)112328045668280456Rat
8694424Bw162Body weight QTL 1623.80.001body lean mass (VT:0010483)lean tissue morphological measurement (CMO:0002184)112328045668280456Rat
1300147Bp187Blood pressure QTL 1873.67arterial blood pressure trait (VT:2000000)blood pressure time series experimental set point of the baroreceptor response (CMO:0002593)11169446234Rat
10058952Gmadr6Adrenal mass QTL 62.290.0072adrenal gland mass (VT:0010420)both adrenal glands wet weight to body weight ratio (CMO:0002411)112295940367959403Rat
1641927Alcrsp10Alcohol response QTL 10alcohol metabolism trait (VT:0015089)blood ethanol level (CMO:0000535)11843667453436674Rat
1598842Glom10Glomerulus QTL 103.4kidney glomerulus morphology trait (VT:0005325)index of glomerular damage (CMO:0001135)11135331169Rat
724517Uae18Urinary albumin excretion QTL 183.7urine albumin amount (VT:0002871)urine albumin excretion rate (CMO:0000757)111647204744285911Rat
724554Iddm17Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus QTL 170.001blood glucose amount (VT:0000188)blood glucose level (CMO:0000046)111897620886241447Rat
724563Uae10Urinary albumin excretion QTL 106urine albumin amount (VT:0002871)urine albumin level (CMO:0000130)112767241082846715Rat
1558659Tescar1Testicular tumor resistance QTL 13.9testis integrity trait (VT:0010572)percentage of study population developing testis tumors during a period of time (CMO:0001261)11104193166113562Rat


Expression


RNA-SEQ Expression
High: > 1000 TPM value   Medium: Between 11 and 1000 TPM
Low: Between 0.5 and 10 TPM   Below Cutoff: < 0.5 TPM

alimentary part of gastrointestinal system circulatory system endocrine system exocrine system hemolymphoid system hepatobiliary system integumental system musculoskeletal system nervous system renal system reproductive system respiratory system appendage
High 15 15 15 7 1
Medium 3 43 42 26 19 26 8 11 74 28 40 11 8
Low
Below cutoff

Sequence


RefSeq Acc Id: ENSRNOT00000002885   ⟹   ENSRNOP00000002885
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl1129,456,558 - 29,462,249 (+)Ensembl
Rnor_6.0 Ensembl1130,363,280 - 30,368,862 (+)Ensembl
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSRNOT00000097395   ⟹   ENSRNOP00000082831
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
mRatBN7.2 Ensembl1129,456,968 - 29,462,249 (+)Ensembl
RefSeq Acc Id: NM_017050   ⟹   NP_058746
RefSeq Status: PROVISIONAL
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCr81142,942,823 - 42,948,399 (+)NCBI
mRatBN7.21129,456,673 - 29,462,249 (+)NCBI
Rnor_6.01130,363,282 - 30,368,858 (+)NCBI
Rnor_5.01133,982,764 - 33,988,340 (+)NCBI
RGSC_v3.41129,810,766 - 29,816,342 (-)RGD
Celera1129,143,740 - 29,149,316 (+)RGD
Sequence:
RefSeq Acc Id: XM_063270289   ⟹   XP_063126359
Type: CODING
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
GRCr81142,942,742 - 42,947,253 (+)NCBI
RefSeq Acc Id: NP_058746   ⟸   NM_017050
- UniProtKB: P07632 (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot),   A6JLB7 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL),   Q6LDS4 (UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
- Sequence:
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSRNOP00000002885   ⟸   ENSRNOT00000002885
RefSeq Acc Id: ENSRNOP00000082831   ⟸   ENSRNOT00000097395
RefSeq Acc Id: XP_063126359   ⟸   XM_063270289
- Peptide Label: isoform X1
Protein Structures
Name Modeler Protein Id AA Range Protein Structure
AF-P07632-F1-model_v2 AlphaFold P07632 1-154 view protein structure

Transcriptome

eQTL   View at Phenogen
WGCNA   View at Phenogen
Tissue/Strain Expression   View at Phenogen

Promoters
RGD ID:13698043
Promoter ID:EPDNEW_R8568
Type:multiple initiation site
Name:Sod1_1
Description:superoxide dismutase 1
SO ACC ID:SO:0000170
Source:EPDNEW (Eukaryotic Promoter Database, http://epd.vital-it.ch/)
Experiment Methods:Single-end sequencing.
Position:
Rat AssemblyChrPosition (strand)Source
Rnor_6.01130,363,282 - 30,363,342EPDNEW

Additional Information

Database Acc Id Source(s)
AGR Gene RGD:3731 AgrOrtholog
BioCyc Gene G2FUF-21954 BioCyc
BioCyc Pathway DETOX1-PWY [superoxide radicals degradation] BioCyc
  DETOX1-PWY-1 [reactive oxygen species degradation] BioCyc
BioCyc Pathway Image DETOX1-PWY BioCyc
  DETOX1-PWY-1 BioCyc
Ensembl Genes ENSRNOG00000002115 Ensembl, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Ensembl Transcript ENSRNOT00000002885.7 UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  ENSRNOT00000097395.1 UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Gene3D-CATH 2.60.40.200 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
IMAGE_CLONE IMAGE:7304983 IMAGE-MGC_LOAD
InterPro SOD-like_Cu/Zn_dom_sf UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  SOD_Cu/Zn_/chaperone UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  SOD_Cu/Zn_BS UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  SOD_Cu_Zn_dom UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
KEGG Report rno:24786 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
MGC_CLONE MGC:105454 IMAGE-MGC_LOAD
NCBI Gene 24786 ENTREZGENE
PANTHER PTHR10003 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE [CU-ZN] UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Pfam Sod_Cu UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
PharmGKB SOD1 RGD
PhenoGen Sod1 PhenoGen
PRINTS CUZNDISMTASE UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
PROSITE SOD_CU_ZN_1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  SOD_CU_ZN_2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
RatGTEx ENSRNOG00000002115 RatGTEx
Superfamily-SCOP SSF49329 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
UniProt A0A8I6G9Z6_RAT UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  A0A8L2Q0T2_RAT UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  A6JLB7 ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  P07632 ENTREZGENE
  Q6LDS4 ENTREZGENE, UniProtKB/TrEMBL
  SODC_RAT UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot


Nomenclature History
Date Current Symbol Current Name Previous Symbol Previous Name Description Reference Status
2017-01-24 Sod1  superoxide dismutase 1  Sod1  superoxide dismutase 1, soluble  Nomenclature updated to reflect human and mouse nomenclature 1299863 APPROVED
2008-02-15 Sod1  superoxide dismutase 1, soluble  Sod1  superoxide dismutase 1  Nomenclature updated to reflect human and mouse nomenclature 1299863 APPROVED
2003-04-09 Sod1  superoxide dismutase 1    Superoxide dismutase 1, soluble  Name updated 629478 APPROVED
2001-12-21 Sod1  Superoxide dismutase 1, soluble      Name updated 69729 APPROVED

RGD Curation Notes
Note Type Note Reference
gene_cellular_localization localized to peroxisome 628320
gene_disease mutation of the human homolog is a cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 737689
gene_expression expression is decreased 1.9 fold in SHR compared with WKY rats 1357414
gene_function dismutates reactive oxygen radical species (ROS) to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen 628320
gene_process prevents accumulation of superoxides in cells 628320
gene_regulation caloric restriction (CR) significantly increased mRNA (>287%) level 628320