1. |
Interleukin-21 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and severity of type I autoimmune hepatitis. |
Abe K, etal., Springerplus. 2016 Jun 18;5(1):777. doi: 10.1186/s40064-016-2512-y. eCollection 2016.
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2. |
Possible role of interleukin 21 and interleukin 33 in patients with genital warts. |
Abu El-Hamd M, etal., Dermatol Ther. 2019 Sep;32(5):e13063. doi: 10.1111/dth.13063. Epub 2019 Aug 29.
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3. |
Impaired autoimmune T helper 17 cell responses following DNA vaccination against rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. |
Andersson A, etal., PLoS One. 2008;3(11):e3682. Epub 2008 Nov 10.
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4. |
Interleukin-21-dependent modulation of T cell antigen receptor reactivity towards low affinity peptide ligands in autoreactive CD8(+) T lymphocytes. |
Bobbala D, etal., Cytokine. 2016 Sep;85:83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.011. Epub 2016 Jun 11.
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5. |
IL-21 is highly produced in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa and promotes gelatinases synthesis. |
Caruso R, etal., J Immunol. 2007 May 1;178(9):5957-65. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.9.5957.
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6. |
A common exonic variant of interleukin21 confers susceptibility to atopic asthma. |
Chatterjee R, etal., Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2009;148(2):137-46. Epub 2008 Sep 19.
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7. |
Genome-wide analysis of extended pedigrees confirms IL2-IL21 linkage and shows additional regions of interest potentially influencing coeliac disease risk. |
Einarsdottir E, etal., Tissue Antigens. 2011 Dec;78(6):428-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01791.x.
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8. |
IL-21 and IL-6 are critical for different aspects of B cell immunity and redundantly induce optimal follicular helper CD4 T cell (Tfh) differentiation. |
Eto D, etal., PLoS One. 2011 Mar 14;6(3):e17739. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017739.
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9. |
HCV-specific interleukin-21+CD4+ T cells responses associated with viral control through the modulation of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells function in chronic hepatitis C patients. |
Feng G, etal., Mol Cells. 2013 Oct;36(4):362-7. doi: 10.1007/s10059-013-0181-z. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
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10. |
Promotion of a functional B cell germinal center response after Leishmania species co-infection is associated with lesion resolution. |
Gibson-Corley KN, etal., Am J Pathol. 2012 May;180(5):2009-17. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.012. Epub 2012 Mar 17.
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11. |
Combinatory gene therapy with electrotransfer of midkine promoter-HSV-TK and interleukin-21. |
Hanari N, etal., Anticancer Res. 2007 Jul-Aug;27(4B):2305-10.
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12. |
Antitumor efficacy of viable tumor vaccine modified by heterogenetic ESAT-6 antigen and cytokine IL-21 in melanomatous mouse. |
He X, etal., Immunol Res. 2012 Jun;52(3):240-9. doi: 10.1007/s12026-012-8332-4.
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13. |
Association of IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23R gene polymorphisms with HBV infection in kidney transplant patients. |
Hejr S, etal., Viral Immunol. 2013 Jun;26(3):201-6. doi: 10.1089/vim.2013.0007. Epub 2013 May 8.
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14. |
IL-21 administration into the nostril alleviates murine allergic rhinitis. |
Hiromura Y, etal., J Immunol. 2007 Nov 15;179(10):7157-65.
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15. |
Interleukin-21 mRNA expression during virus infections. |
Holm C, etal., Cytokine. 2006 Jan 7;33(1):41-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2005.11.014. Epub 2006 Jan 5.
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16. |
Immunization with DNA vaccine expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 gD and IL-21 protects against mouse herpes keratitis. |
Hu K, etal., Immunol Invest. 2011;40(3):265-78. doi: 10.3109/08820139.2010.534219. Epub 2011 Jan 4.
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17. |
Interleukin-21 is upregulated in hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure and associated with severity of liver disease. |
Hu X, etal., J Viral Hepat. 2011 Jul;18(7):458-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01475.x. Epub 2011 Jun 1.
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18. |
Interleukin-21 receptor signalling is important for innate immune protection against HSV-2 infections. |
Kratholm SK, etal., PLoS One. 2013 Dec 16;8(12):e81790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081790. eCollection 2013.
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19. |
Gene-gene and gene-sex epistatic interactions of MiR146a, IRF5, IKZF1, ETS1 and IL21 in systemic lupus erythematosus. |
Leng RX, etal., PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e51090. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051090. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
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20. |
Interleukin-21 responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B. |
Li J, etal., J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2015 Feb;35(2):134-42. doi: 10.1089/jir.2013.0119. Epub 2014 Sep 22.
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21. |
IL21 and IL21R polymorphisms and their interactive effects on serum IL-21 and IgE levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. |
Li N, etal., Hum Immunol. 2013 May;74(5):567-73. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.01.005. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
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22. |
Adaptive immune response in osteoclastic bone resorption induced by orally administered Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in a rat model of periodontal disease. |
Li Y, etal., Mol Oral Microbiol. 2010 Aug;25(4):275-92.
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23. |
Interleukin-21 Is Associated with Early Antiviral Response in Patients with Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. |
Liu X, etal., J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2016 Jun;36(6):367-73. doi: 10.1089/jir.2015.0129. Epub 2016 Feb 3.
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24. |
MGDs mouse GO annotations |
MGD data from the GO Consortium
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25. |
MGD IEA |
MGD IEA
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26. |
IL-21 Is Important for Induction of KLRG1+ Effector CD8 T Cells during Acute Intracellular Infection. |
Moretto MM and Khan IA, J Immunol. 2016 Jan 1;196(1):375-84. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501258. Epub 2015 Nov 23.
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27. |
OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline |
OMIM Disease Annotation Pipeline
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28. |
Increased levels of IL-21 responses are associated with the severity of liver injury in patients with chronic active hepatitis B. |
Pan Q, etal., J Viral Hepat. 2014;21(9):e78-88. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12242. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
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29. |
KEGG Annotation Import Pipeline |
Pipeline to import KEGG annotations from KEGG into RGD
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30. |
Disruption of IL-21 signaling affects T cell-B cell interactions and abrogates protective humoral immunity to malaria. |
Pérez-Mazliah D, etal., PLoS Pathog. 2015 Mar 12;11(3):e1004715. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004715. eCollection 2015 Mar.
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31. |
Role of IL-21 in HTLV-1 infections with emphasis on HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). |
Rajaei T, etal., Med Microbiol Immunol. 2017 Jun;206(3):195-201. doi: 10.1007/s00430-017-0492-3. Epub 2017 Apr 4.
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32. |
Interleukin 21 augments the hepatitis B virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response in vitro in patients coinfected with HIV-1. |
Ren G, etal., AIDS. 2012 Nov 13;26(17):2145-53. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328359b7ae.
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33. |
Mouse MP Annotation Import Pipeline |
RGD automated import pipeline
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34. |
ClinVar Automated Import and Annotation Pipeline |
RGD automated import pipeline for ClinVar variants, variant-to-disease annotations and gene-to-disease annotations
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35. |
Data Import for Chemical-Gene Interactions |
RGD automated import pipeline for gene-chemical interactions
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36. |
IL-21 and IL-15 cytokine DNA augments HSV specific effector and memory CD8+ T cell response. |
Rodrigues L, etal., Mol Immunol. 2009 Apr;46(7):1494-504. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2008.12.033. Epub 2009 Feb 23.
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37. |
Anti-IL-21 monoclonal antibody combined with liraglutide effectively reverses established hyperglycemia in mouse models of type 1 diabetes. |
Rydén AK, etal., J Autoimmun. 2017 Nov;84:65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.07.006. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
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38. |
IL-21-based therapies induce clearance of hepatitis B virus persistence in mouse models. |
Shen Z, etal., Theranostics. 2019 May 31;9(13):3798-3811. doi: 10.7150/thno.35331. eCollection 2019.
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39. |
Characterization of IL-21-expressing recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a therapeutic agent targeting persisting HBV infection. |
Shen Z, etal., Theranostics. 2020 Apr 25;10(12):5600-5612. doi: 10.7150/thno.44715. eCollection 2020.
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40. |
IL-21 promotes the pathologic immune response to pneumovirus infection. |
Spolski R, etal., J Immunol. 2012 Feb 15;188(4):1924-32. Epub 2012 Jan 11.
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41. |
IL-21 is required for optimal antibody production and T cell responses during chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection. |
Stumhofer JS, etal., PLoS One. 2013 May 7;8(5):e62889. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062889. Print 2013.
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42. |
Bupi Hewei decoction ameliorates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal dysbiosis in rats through T helper 17/T regulatory cell signaling pathway. |
Sun Z, etal., J Tradit Chin Med. 2020 Feb;40(1):38-48.
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43. |
Interleukin 21 Reinvigorates the Antiviral Activity of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Chronic HBV Infection. |
Tang L, etal., J Infect Dis. 2019 Feb 15;219(5):750-759. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy576.
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44. |
Immunization with dendritic cell-based DNA vaccine pRSC-NLDC145.gD-IL21 protects mice against herpes simplex virus keratitis. |
Tang R, etal., Immunotherapy. 2018 Mar;10(3):189-200. doi: 10.2217/imt-2017-0060.
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45. |
Dynamics of interleukin-21 production during the clinical course of primary and secondary dengue virus infections. |
Vivanco-Cid H, etal., Immunol Lett. 2014 Sep;161(1):89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.05.006. Epub 2014 May 22.
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46. |
Immune correlates of hepatitis B surface antigen spontaneous seroconversion in hepatitis B e antigen negative chronic hepatitis B patients. |
Vyas AK, etal., Liver Int. 2018 Jan;38(1):38-49. doi: 10.1111/liv.13475. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
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47. |
Dysregulated Response of Follicular Helper T Cells to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Promotes HBV Persistence in Mice and Associates With Outcomes of Patients. |
Wang X, etal., Gastroenterology. 2018 Jun;154(8):2222-2236. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.03.021. Epub 2018 Mar 12.
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48. |
Role of interleukin-21 and interleukin-21 receptor polymorphisms in the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with peginterferon. |
Wang X, etal., Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Jun;97(23):e10891. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000010891.
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49. |
Cerebrospinal fluid IL-21 levels in Neuromyelitis Optica and multiple sclerosis. |
Wu A, etal., Can J Neurol Sci. 2012 Nov;39(6):813-20. doi: 10.1017/s0317167100015663.
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50. |
Increased frequency of follicular helper T cells in mice viral myocarditis is relevant with anti-ANT antoantibody. |
Yang F, etal., Virol J. 2015 Feb 11;12:20. doi: 10.1186/s12985-015-0257-9.
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51. |
Interleukin-21 gene polymorphisms and chronic hepatitis B infection in a Chinese population. |
Yao JY, etal., World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Apr 14;21(14):4232-9. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i14.4232.
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52. |
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) Downregulates Dendritic Cell Cytokine Responses to Helicobacter pylori and Modulates T Lymphocyte IL-17A Expression in Peyer's Patches during Infection. |
Yasmin S, etal., Infect Immun. 2019 Oct 18;87(11). pii: IAI.00237-19. doi: 10.1128/IAI.00237-19. Print 2019 Nov.
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53. |
Fusobacterium Nucleatum Subspecies Animalis Influences Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression and Monocyte Activation in Human Colorectal Tumors. |
Ye X, etal., Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2017 Jul;10(7):398-409. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-16-0178. Epub 2017 May 8.
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54. |
IL-21 promotes late activator APC-mediated T follicular helper cell differentiation in experimental pulmonary virus infection. |
Yoo JK and Braciale TJ, PLoS One. 2014 Sep 24;9(9):e105872. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105872. eCollection 2014.
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