artificial aortocaval fistula (for 105 days)

 artificial aortocaval fistula (for 2 days) then Aprotinin (12000 kIU) (for 2 days)

 sham surgical control condition (for 2 days) then vehicle control condition (for 2 days) then ketamine (80 mg/kg) (for 0 hours) and xylazine (10 mg/kg)

 sham surgical control condition (for 2 days) then Aprotinin (12000 kIU) (for 2 days)

 artificial aortocaval fistula (for 2 days)

 artificial aortocaval fistula (for 2 days) then metoprolol (100 mg/kg/d) (for 2 days) then ketamine (80 mg/kg) (for 0 hours) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) (for 0 hours)

 artificial aortocaval fistula (for 28 days)

 artificial aortocaval fistula (for 28 days) then Aprotinin (12000 kIU) (for 28 days)

 sham surgical control condition (for 2 days) then metoprolol succinate (100 mg/kg/d) (for 2 days) then ketamine (80 mg/kg) (for 0 hours) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) (for 0 hours)

 control condition

 sham surgical control condition (for 28 days)

 artificial aortocaval fistula (for 2 days) then vehicle control condition (for 2 days) then ketamine (80 mg/kg) (for 0 hours) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) (for 0 hours)

 sham surgical control condition (for 105 days)

 sham surgical control condition (for 2 days)

 sham surgical control condition (for 28 days) then Aprotinin (12000 kIU) (for 28 days)