The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum. The word is Latin for hammer. It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum to the incus. The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla and mandible. [WP,unvetted].
malleus cartilage element +
malleus pre-cartilage condensation +
manubrium
maxilla +
Meckel's cartilage +
meckelian bone +
mentomeckelian
mesenchyme derived from neural crest +
mesethmoid bone +
mesocoracoid bone
metapterygoid
neural arch +
odontode tissue
orbitosphenoid +
os suspensorium +
os suspensorium medial flange
os triangulare
otoccipital
palatine bone +
paraganglion (generic) +
parahyoid
parapophysis + rib of vertebra 3
parapophysis + rib of vertebra 3 + rib of vertebra 4