A pathway triggered by exogenous or endogenous elements, compounds or molecules that can be harmful to the system. The phase I (oxidative) and phase II (conjugative) metabolizing enzymes and the phase III transport systems and other pathways are involved in the response mechanisms resulting in processing and subsequent elimination of such elements. Others induce downstream effects such as antioxidant, cell death or inflammatory response pathways.
cellular trafficking cycle pathway +
homeostasis pathway +
immune response pathway +
pathway pertinent to DNA replication and repair, cell cycle, maintenance of genomic integrity, RNA and protein biosynthesis +
pathway pertinent to protein folding, sorting, modification, translocation and degradation +