any structural anomaly of the star-shaped and follicle-forming cells in the anterior pituitary gland that stain positive for S-100 protein (a marker for FS-cells); ascribed functions include the formation of an extensive and complex tridimentional network, scavenger activity by engulfing degenerated cells, paracrine regulation of endocrine cells by producing various growth factors and cytokines, such as interleukin-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, basic fibroblastic growth factor, vascular endothelial cell growth factor and follistatin, and large-scale inter-cellular communication by means of their long cytoplasmic processes and gap junctions