Abnormality of cardiovascular system electrophysiology +
Acute coronary syndrome +
Angina pectoris
Cardiac tamponade
Chronotropic incompetence
Congestive heart failure +
The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction.
Failure to elevate ammonia on ischemic exercise
Failure to increase oxygen saturation on hyperoxia test