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CROSS-SPECIES ANATOMY - ANNOTATIONS

The Basic subset of the UBERON integrated, cross-species anatomy ontology is downloaded weekly from http://berkeleybop.org/ontologies/uberon/basic.obo. For more information about this ontology see the "About" page on the UBERON website at http://uberon.github.io/about.html.
Term:adrenal gland
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Accession:UBERON:0002369 term browser browse the term
Definition:Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine[BTO].
Comment:[function-note] "suprarenal cortex manufactures corticosteroids; suprarenal medulla manufactures epinephrine and norepinephrine; suprarenal medulla receives preganglionic sympathetic innervation from the greater thoracic splanchnic n."; [homology-note] "All craniates have groups of cells homologous to the mammalian adrenocortical and chromaffin tissues, but they are scattered in and near the kidneys in fishes. (...) The cortical and chromaffin tissues come together to form adrenal glands in tetrapods.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-17", external_class="VHOG:0001141", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.518 and Figure 15-9", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}; [taxon-note] "The origin of the adrenal gland is still controversial. It is thought to share the same origin as the kidney and gonads, derived from coelomic epithelium of the urogenital ridge and/or the underlying mesenchyme (Keegan and Hammer, 2002; Morohashi, 1997). We follow Kardong and state homology at the level of the cortex and medulla rather than gland as a whole"
Synonyms:exact_synonym: glandula adrenalis
 related_synonym: adrenal;   adrenal capsule;   adrenal medulla cell;   atrabiliary capsule;   epinephric gland;   epinephros;   glandula suprarenalis;   interrenal gland;   suprarenal capsule;   suprarenal gland
 xref: AAO:0010551;   BTO:0000047;   CALOHA:TS-0016;   EFO:0000238;   EMAPA:18426;   EV:0100135;   FMA:9604;   GAID:446;   MA:0000116;   MAT:0000071;   MESH:D000311;   MIAA:0000071;   NCI:C12666;   SCTID:181127006;   UMLS:C0001625;   Wikipedia:Adrenal_gland;   XAO:0000164;   galen:AdrenalGland

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Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  UBERON ontology 0
    anatomical entity 0
      material anatomical entity 0
        anatomical structure 0
          lateral structure 0
            adrenal gland 0
              adrenal cortex + 0
              adrenal medulla + 0
              adrenal tissue + 0
              left adrenal gland + 0
              right adrenal gland + 0
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  UBERON ontology 0
    anatomical entity 0
      material anatomical entity 0
        anatomical structure 0
          multicellular anatomical structure 0
            multicellular organism 0
              embryo 0
                embryonic structure 0
                  embryonic tissue 0
                    germ layer / neural crest 0
                      germ layer 0
                        ectoderm 0
                          ectoderm-derived structure 0
                            neurectoderm 0
                              presumptive neural plate 0
                                neural plate 0
                                  neural groove 0
                                    neural fold 0
                                      neural crest 0
                                        neural crest-derived structure 0
                                          chromaffin system 0
                                            adrenal/interrenal gland 0
                                              adrenal gland 0
                                                adrenal cortex + 0
                                                adrenal medulla + 0
                                                adrenal tissue + 0
                                                left adrenal gland + 0
                                                right adrenal gland + 0
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