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CROSS-SPECIES ANATOMY - ANNOTATIONS

The Basic subset of the UBERON integrated, cross-species anatomy ontology is downloaded weekly from http://berkeleybop.org/ontologies/uberon/basic.obo. For more information about this ontology see the "About" page on the UBERON website at http://uberon.github.io/about.html.
Term:endocardial cushion
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Accession:UBERON:0002062 term browser browse the term
Definition:The endocardial cushion is a specialized region of mesenchymal cells that will give rise to the heart septa and valves[GO]. Swellings of tissue present between the endocardial and myocardial cell layers that will give rise to the interstitial cells of the cardiac valves[ZFA].
Comment:GO graph seems to suggest this is an endothelium. WP: The endocardial cushions are thought to arise from a subset of endothelial cells that undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transformation, a process whereby these cells break cell-to-cell contacts and migrate into the cardiac jelly (towards to interior of the heart tube). Latest (2010-06-01) new def suggested for GO, added above. Note that EHDAA2 has a more detailed model which we may later adopt. JB: Patterning makes the cushions lay down connective tissue in three domains that force out the local endothelial lining and so the leaflets form; [homology-note] "(Cardiac valve formation in vertebrates) In response to a myocardial signal, endocardial cells at chamber boundaries take on a mesenchymal character, delaminate and migrate into the cardiac jelly. There, they form an endocardial cushion that is later remodelled into a valve.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-17", external_class="VHOG:0000932", ontology="VHOG", source="DOI:10.1038/35047564 Stainier DYR, Zebrafish genetics and vertebrate heart formation. Nature Reviews Genetics (2001) Figure 3", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
Synonyms:exact_synonym: AV cushion;   atrioventricular cushion;   cardiac cushion;   endocardial cushion tissue
 related_synonym: atrioventricular canal cushion;   endocardial cushions
 xref: EHDAA2:0000434;   EHDAA2:0004028;   EHDAA:2586;   EMAPA:16696;   FMA:70302;   MA:0000078;   MESH:D054089;   TAO:0001317;   VHOG:0000932;   Wikipedia:Atrioventricular_cushions;   XAO:0004189;   ZFA:0001317
 axiom_lost: relationship loss: develops_from endocardial ring (TAO:0005072)[TAO]" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-08-14", external_class="TAO:0001317", ontology="TAO


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Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  UBERON ontology 0
    anatomical entity 0
      material anatomical entity 0
        developing anatomical structure 0
          embryonic structure 0
            endocardial cushion 0
              atrioventricular septum 0
              cardiac valve + 0
              inferior endocardial cushion 0
              superior endocardial cushion 0
              ventricular septum intermedium + 0
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  UBERON ontology 0
    anatomical entity 0
      material anatomical entity 0
        anatomical structure 0
          multicellular anatomical structure 0
            multicellular organism 0
              embryo 0
                embryonic structure 0
                  epiblast (generic) 0
                    germ layer / neural crest 0
                      germ layer 0
                        mesoderm 0
                          mesoderm-derived structure 0
                            lateral plate mesoderm 0
                              primary heart field 0
                                cardiogenic splanchnic mesoderm 0
                                  heart primordium 0
                                    cardiogenic plate 0
                                      heart rudiment 0
                                        primitive heart tube 0
                                          heart tube 0
                                            heart 0
                                              heart layer 0
                                                endocardium 0
                                                  endocardial cushion 0
                                                    atrioventricular septum 0
                                                    cardiac valve + 0
                                                    inferior endocardial cushion 0
                                                    superior endocardial cushion 0
                                                    ventricular septum intermedium + 0
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