thyroid gland - Ontology Report - Rat Genome Database

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The Basic subset of the UBERON integrated, cross-species anatomy ontology is downloaded weekly from http://berkeleybop.org/ontologies/uberon/basic.obo. For more information about this ontology see the "About" page on the UBERON website at http://uberon.github.io/about.html.

Term:	thyroid gland	go back to main search page
Accession:	UBERON:0002046	browse the term
Definition:	A two-lobed endocrine gland found in all vertebrates, located in front of and on either side of the trachea in humans, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin[BTO].
Comment:	[homology-note] "(...) at some stage of its development, every chordate exhibits five uniquely derived characters or synapomorphies of the group: (...) (2) a groove in the pharyngeal floor known as the endostyle, or a thyroid gland derived from part of the endostyle (...).[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-17", external_class="VHOG:0000418", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.28", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}; [taxon-note] "In fish, it is usually located below the gills and is not always divided into distinct lobes. However, in some teleosts, patches of thyroid tissue are found elsewhere in the body, associated with the kidneys, spleen, heart, or eyes" xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:32443", source="Romer", source="Wikipedia:Thyroid_gland#Other_animals"}; [taxon-note] "In larval lampreys, the thyroid originates as an exocrine gland, secreting its hormones into the gut, and associated with the larva's filter-feeding apparatus. In the adult lamprey, the gland separates from the gut, and becomes endocrine, but this path of development may reflect the evolutionary origin of the thyroid. For instance, the closest living relatives of vertebrates, the tunicates and Amphioxus, have a structure very similar to that of larval lampreys, and this also secretes iodine-containing compounds (albeit not thyroxine)" xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:7746", source="Romer", source="Wikipedia:Thyroid_gland#Other_animals"}; [taxon-note] "In tetrapods, the thyroid is always found somewhere in the neck region. In most tetrapod species, there are two paired thyroid glands - that is, the right and left lobes are not joined together. However, there is only ever a single thyroid gland in most mammals, and the shape found in humans is common to many other species" xsd:string {scope="NCBITaxon:32523", source="Romer", source="Wikipedia:Thyroid_gland#Other_animals"}
Synonyms:	exact_synonym:	thyroid
	related_synonym:	glandula thyroidea
	xref:	AAO:0010544; BTO:0001379; CALOHA:TS-1047; EFO:0000861; EHDAA2:0002028; EHDAA:2148; EHDAA:2975; EMAPA:17068; EV:0100133; FMA:9603; GAID:465; MA:0000129; MAT:0000081; MESH:D013961; MIAA:0000081; NCI:C12400; SCTID:181117000; UMLS:C0040132; VHOG:0000418; Wikipedia:Thyroid; XAO:0000162; galen:ThyroidGland

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Term paths to the root

Path 1
Term	Annotations
UBERON ontology	0
anatomical entity	0
material anatomical entity	0
anatomical structure	0
endoderm-derived structure	0
thyroid gland	0
capsule of thyroid gland	0
glandular venous plexus	0
isthmus of thyroid gland	0
lobe of thyroid gland +	0
parenchyma of thyroid gland	0
stroma of thyroid gland	0
thyroglossal duct	0
thyroid follicle +	0
thyroid gland medulla	0
Path 2
Term	Annotations
UBERON ontology	0
anatomical entity	0
material anatomical entity	0
anatomical structure	0
multicellular anatomical structure	0
multicellular organism	0
embryo	0
embryonic structure	0
presumptive structure	0
presumptive gut	0
digestive tract	0
subdivision of digestive tract	0
foregut	0
pharyngeal region of foregut	0
pharyngeal arch system	0
entire pharyngeal arch endoderm	0
early pharyngeal endoderm	0
pharyngeal pouch	0
pharyngeal pouch 2	0
thyroid primordium	0
thyroid diverticulum	0
thyroid gland	0
capsule of thyroid gland	0
glandular venous plexus	0
isthmus of thyroid gland	0
lobe of thyroid gland +	0
parenchyma of thyroid gland	0
stroma of thyroid gland	0
thyroglossal duct	0
thyroid follicle +	0
thyroid gland medulla	0

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CROSS-SPECIES ANATOMY - ANNOTATIONS