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CROSS-SPECIES ANATOMY - ANNOTATIONS

The Basic subset of the UBERON integrated, cross-species anatomy ontology is downloaded weekly from http://berkeleybop.org/ontologies/uberon/basic.obo. For more information about this ontology see the "About" page on the UBERON website at http://uberon.github.io/about.html.
Term:auditory ossicle bone
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Accession:UBERON:0001686 term browser browse the term
Definition:One of 3 small bones contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth. The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss. The term 'ossicles' literally means 'tiny bones' and commonly refers to the auditory ossicles, though the term may refer to any small bone throughout the body. [WP,unvetted].
Comment:[development-note] "Studies have shown that ear bones in mammal embryos are attached to the dentary, which is part of the jaw. These are ossified portions of cartilage -- called Meckel's cartilage -- that are attached to the jaw. As the embryo develops, the cartilage hardens to form bone. Later in development, the bone structure breaks loose from the jaw and migrates to the inner ear area. The structure is known as the middle ear, and is made up of the incus, stapes, malleus, and tympanic membrane. These correspond to the quadrate, prearticular, articular, and angular structures in the reptile jaw. For this reason, researchers believe the similarity of the results shows that mammals and reptiles have a common ancestry." xsd:string {source="WP"}; [homology-note] "Additional structural analysis within a phylogenetic context has led to the remarkable discovery that in synapsids, thought to be ancestral to mammals, both the quadrate and articular have become reduced and less firmly articulated with their surrounding bones, reducing their jaw-joint-bearing role. This trend culminated with the incorporation of the quadrate, the columella (which remains articulated with the quadrate), and the articular into the expanded middle ear in mammals.[well established][VHOG]" xsd:string {date_retrieved="2012-09-17", external_class="VHOG:0000461", ontology="VHOG", source="ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.695", source="http://bgee.unil.ch/"}
Synonyms:exact_synonym: auditory bone;   middle ear ossicle
 broad_synonym: ossicle
 related_synonym: auditory ossicle;   ear bone;   ear ossicle;   ear ossicles;   middle ear bone;   ossicle of ear;   ossicle of inner ear;   ossicular chain
 xref: AAO:0011015;   EHDAA2:0001183;   EHDAA:5697;   EMAPA:17824;   EV:0100360;   FMA:52750;   MA:0000254;   NCI:C32164;   SCTID:181184001;   UMLS:C0013450;   VHOG:0000461;   Wikipedia:Auditory_ossicle;   XAO:0000214


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Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  UBERON ontology 0
    anatomical entity 0
      material anatomical entity 0
        anatomical structure 0
          ectoderm-derived structure 0
            cranial neural crest 0
              auditory ossicle endochondral element 0
                auditory ossicle bone 0
                  incus bone + 0
                  malleus bone + 0
                  plectral apparatus + 0
                  stapes bone + 0
                  stapes cartilage element + 0
                  stapes pre-cartilage condensation + 0
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  UBERON ontology 0
    anatomical entity 0
      material anatomical entity 0
        anatomical structure 0
          multicellular anatomical structure 0
            multicellular organism 0
              embryo 0
                embryonic structure 0
                  epiblast (generic) 0
                    germ layer / neural crest 0
                      germ layer 0
                        ectoderm 0
                          ectoderm-derived structure 0
                            neurectoderm 0
                              presumptive neural plate 0
                                neural plate 0
                                  neural groove 0
                                    neural fold 0
                                      neural crest 0
                                        cranial neural crest 0
                                          auditory ossicle endochondral element 0
                                            auditory ossicle bone 0
                                              incus bone + 0
                                              malleus bone + 0
                                              plectral apparatus + 0
                                              stapes bone + 0
                                              stapes cartilage element + 0
                                              stapes pre-cartilage condensation + 0
paths to the root