Send us a Message



Submit Data |  Help |  Video Tutorials |  News |  Publications |  Download |  REST API |  Citing RGD |  Contact   

PATHWAY ONTOLOGY - ANNOTATIONS

The Pathway Ontology (PW), is currently being developed at the Rat Genome Database. For more information about this vocabulary, please see Petri et al. The rat genome database pathway portal. Database (Oxford). 2011 Apr 8;2011:bar010. Print 2011 or contact us (http://rgd.mcw.edu/contact/index.shtml).

Term:folate metabolic pathway
go back to main search page
Accession:PW:0000140 term browser browse the term
Definition:Folate metabolism represents the various aspects of the folate cycle and the folate-mediated transfer reactions essential for several biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and the folate-mediated one-carbon pathways are part of folate metabolism. Folate compounds are water-soluble forms of vitamin B9.
Synonyms:related_synonym: folic acid metabolic process;   vitamin B9 metabolic pathway



show annotations for term's descendants           Sort by:
folate metabolic pathway term browser
Symbol Object Name Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G ALDH1L1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 EXP SMPDB SMP:00053 NCBI chr 3:126,103,570...126,197,945
Ensembl chr 3:126,103,562...126,197,994
JBrowse link
G ALPG alkaline phosphatase, germ cell IEA KEGG hsa:00790 NCBI chr 2:232,406,844...232,410,714
Ensembl chr 2:232,406,844...232,410,714
JBrowse link
G ALPI alkaline phosphatase, intestinal IEA KEGG hsa:00790 NCBI chr 2:232,456,153...232,460,753
Ensembl chr 2:232,456,125...232,460,753
JBrowse link
G ALPL alkaline phosphatase, biomineralization associated IEA KEGG hsa:00790 NCBI chr 1:21,508,984...21,578,410
Ensembl chr 1:21,509,397...21,578,410
JBrowse link
G ALPP alkaline phosphatase, placental IEA KEGG hsa:00790 NCBI chr 2:232,378,751...232,382,889
Ensembl chr 2:232,378,724...232,382,889
JBrowse link
G DHFR dihydrofolate reductase ISS
EXP
IEA
SMPDB
KEGG
RGD
PMID:11502523 SMP:00053 hsa:00790, RGD:1298877 NCBI chr 5:80,626,226...80,654,983
Ensembl chr 5:80,626,226...80,654,983
JBrowse link
G DMGDH dimethylglycine dehydrogenase ISS RGD PMID:15358367 RGD:1547831 NCBI chr 5:78,997,564...79,069,674
Ensembl chr 5:78,997,564...79,236,038
JBrowse link
G FOLH1 folate hydrolase 1 IDA RGD PMID:9816319 RGD:151347637 NCBI chr11:49,145,092...49,208,602
Ensembl chr11:49,145,092...49,208,638
JBrowse link
G FOLR2 folate receptor beta TAS RGD PMID:8445646 RGD:1540379 NCBI chr11:72,216,794...72,221,950
Ensembl chr11:72,216,601...72,221,950
JBrowse link
G FPGS folylpolyglutamate synthase IEA
EXP
KEGG
SMPDB
SMP:00053 hsa:00790 NCBI chr 9:127,802,858...127,814,506
Ensembl chr 9:127,794,597...127,814,327
JBrowse link
G FTCD formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase EXP SMPDB SMP:00053 NCBI chr21:46,136,262...46,155,579
Ensembl chr21:46,136,160...46,155,579
JBrowse link
G GART phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase IDA RGD PMID:12450384 RGD:1547842 NCBI chr21:33,503,931...33,542,893
Ensembl chr21:33,503,931...33,543,491
JBrowse link
G GCH1 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 IEA KEGG hsa:00790 NCBI chr14:54,842,017...54,902,826
Ensembl chr14:54,842,008...54,902,826
JBrowse link
G GGH gamma-glutamyl hydrolase IEA
EXP
KEGG
SMPDB
SMP:00053 hsa:00790 NCBI chr 8:63,015,079...63,038,806
Ensembl chr 8:63,014,881...63,039,407
JBrowse link
G GNMT glycine N-methyltransferase ISO RGD PMID:15347642 RGD:1359070 NCBI chr 6:42,960,754...42,963,880
Ensembl chr 6:42,960,754...42,963,880
JBrowse link
G MOCS1 molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1 IEA KEGG hsa:00790 NCBI chr 6:39,904,170...39,934,462
Ensembl chr 6:39,899,578...39,934,551
JBrowse link
G MOCS2 molybdenum cofactor synthesis 2 IEA KEGG hsa:00790 NCBI chr 5:53,095,679...53,109,757
Ensembl chr 5:53,095,679...53,110,063
JBrowse link
G MTFMT mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase EXP SMPDB SMP:00053 NCBI chr15:65,001,512...65,029,639
Ensembl chr15:65,001,512...65,029,639
JBrowse link
G MTHFD1 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 ISS
EXP
SMPDB
RGD
PMID:2186031 SMP:00053, RGD:1299513 NCBI chr14:64,388,353...64,460,025
Ensembl chr14:64,388,031...64,463,457
JBrowse link
G MTHFD1L methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1 like EXP SMPDB SMP:00053 NCBI chr 6:150,865,702...151,101,887
Ensembl chr 6:150,865,679...151,101,887
JBrowse link
G MTHFD2 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase TAS
EXP
SMPDB
RGD
PMID:9454603 SMP:00053, RGD:1540378 NCBI chr 2:74,198,615...74,217,565
Ensembl chr 2:74,186,172...74,217,565
JBrowse link
G MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase TAS
EXP
SMPDB
RGD
PMID:11933257 SMP:00053, RGD:1535021 NCBI chr 1:11,785,723...11,805,964
Ensembl chr 1:11,785,723...11,806,455
JBrowse link
G MTHFS methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase EXP SMPDB SMP:00053 NCBI chr15:79,843,547...79,897,285
Ensembl chr15:79,833,585...79,897,379
JBrowse link
G MTR 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase ISS RGD PMID:15845641 RGD:1359026 NCBI chr 1:236,795,281...236,903,981
Ensembl chr 1:236,795,260...236,921,278
JBrowse link
G MTRR 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase TAS RGD PMID:15979034 RGD:1359037 NCBI chr 5:7,850,859...7,901,113
Ensembl chr 5:7,851,186...7,906,025
JBrowse link
G PTS 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase IEA KEGG hsa:00790 NCBI chr11:112,226,428...112,233,973
Ensembl chr11:112,226,367...112,269,955
JBrowse link
G QDPR quinoid dihydropteridine reductase IEA KEGG hsa:00790 NCBI chr 4:17,486,395...17,512,090
Ensembl chr 4:17,460,261...17,512,206
JBrowse link
G SHMT1 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 TAS RGD PMID:15671219 RGD:1359815 NCBI chr17:18,327,873...18,363,550
Ensembl chr17:18,327,873...18,363,550
JBrowse link
G SHMT2 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 TAS RGD PMID:15671219 RGD:1359815 NCBI chr12:57,229,711...57,234,935
Ensembl chr12:57,229,573...57,234,935
JBrowse link
G SLC19A1 solute carrier family 19 member 1 ISS RGD PMID:11600421 RGD:735239 NCBI chr21:45,502,517...45,563,025
Ensembl chr21:45,493,572...45,573,365
JBrowse link
G SLC46A1 solute carrier family 46 member 1 EXP SMPDB SMP:00053 NCBI chr17:28,394,642...28,406,592
Ensembl chr17:28,394,642...28,407,197
JBrowse link
G SPR sepiapterin reductase IEA KEGG hsa:00790 NCBI chr 2:72,887,408...72,892,158
Ensembl chr 2:72,887,382...72,892,158
JBrowse link
G TYMS thymidylate synthetase ISS RGD PMID:9894005 RGD:1545055 NCBI chr18:657,653...673,578
Ensembl chr18:657,653...673,578
JBrowse link
altered folate cycle metabolic pathway term browser
Symbol Object Name Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G ALDH1L1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 TAS RGD PMID:22353665 RGD:7242562 NCBI chr 3:126,103,570...126,197,945
Ensembl chr 3:126,103,562...126,197,994
JBrowse link
G DHFR dihydrofolate reductase TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr 5:80,626,226...80,654,983
Ensembl chr 5:80,626,226...80,654,983
JBrowse link
G FOLR1 folate receptor alpha TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr11:72,189,709...72,196,323
Ensembl chr11:72,189,558...72,196,323
JBrowse link
G MTHFD1 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr14:64,388,353...64,460,025
Ensembl chr14:64,388,031...64,463,457
JBrowse link
G MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr 1:11,785,723...11,805,964
Ensembl chr 1:11,785,723...11,806,455
JBrowse link
G MTR 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr 1:236,795,281...236,903,981
Ensembl chr 1:236,795,260...236,921,278
JBrowse link
G MTRR 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr 5:7,850,859...7,901,113
Ensembl chr 5:7,851,186...7,906,025
JBrowse link
G SLC46A1 solute carrier family 46 member 1 TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr17:28,394,642...28,406,592
Ensembl chr17:28,394,642...28,407,197
JBrowse link
altered folate mediated one-carbon metabolic pathway term browser
Symbol Object Name Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G MTHFD1 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 TAS RGD PMID:22353665 RGD:7242562 NCBI chr14:64,388,353...64,460,025
Ensembl chr14:64,388,031...64,463,457
JBrowse link
G MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase TAS RGD PMID:22353665 RGD:7242562 NCBI chr 1:11,785,723...11,805,964
Ensembl chr 1:11,785,723...11,806,455
JBrowse link
G MTR 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase TAS RGD PMID:22353665 RGD:7242562 NCBI chr 1:236,795,281...236,903,981
Ensembl chr 1:236,795,260...236,921,278
JBrowse link
folate cycle metabolic pathway term browser
Symbol Object Name Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G ALDH1L1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 TAS RGD PMID:22353665 RGD:7242562 NCBI chr 3:126,103,570...126,197,945
Ensembl chr 3:126,103,562...126,197,994
JBrowse link
G AMT aminomethyltransferase TAS RGD PMID:20645850 RGD:7242560 NCBI chr 3:49,416,778...49,422,473
Ensembl chr 3:49,416,778...49,422,685
JBrowse link
G DHFR dihydrofolate reductase TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr 5:80,626,226...80,654,983
Ensembl chr 5:80,626,226...80,654,983
JBrowse link
G DLD dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase TAS RGD PMID:20645850 RGD:7242560 NCBI chr 7:107,891,107...107,921,198
Ensembl chr 7:107,891,162...107,931,730
JBrowse link
G DMGDH dimethylglycine dehydrogenase TAS RGD PMID:20645850 RGD:7242560 NCBI chr 5:78,997,564...79,069,674
Ensembl chr 5:78,997,564...79,236,038
JBrowse link
G FOLH1 folate hydrolase 1 TAS RGD PMID:20814827 PMID:16859665 RGD:7242426, RGD:7242559 NCBI chr11:49,145,092...49,208,602
Ensembl chr11:49,145,092...49,208,638
JBrowse link
G FOLR1 folate receptor alpha TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr11:72,189,709...72,196,323
Ensembl chr11:72,189,558...72,196,323
JBrowse link
G FOLR2 folate receptor beta TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr11:72,216,794...72,221,950
Ensembl chr11:72,216,601...72,221,950
JBrowse link
G FPGS folylpolyglutamate synthase TAS RGD PMID:16859665 RGD:7242559 NCBI chr 9:127,802,858...127,814,506
Ensembl chr 9:127,794,597...127,814,327
JBrowse link
G GCSH glycine cleavage system protein H TAS RGD PMID:20645850 RGD:7242560 NCBI chr16:81,081,945...81,096,395
Ensembl chr16:81,081,945...81,096,395
JBrowse link
G GGH gamma-glutamyl hydrolase TAS RGD PMID:16859665 RGD:7242559 NCBI chr 8:63,015,079...63,038,806
Ensembl chr 8:63,014,881...63,039,407
JBrowse link
G GLDC glycine decarboxylase TAS RGD PMID:20645850 RGD:7242560 NCBI chr 9:6,532,467...6,645,729
Ensembl chr 9:6,532,467...6,645,729
JBrowse link
G MTHFD1 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr14:64,388,353...64,460,025
Ensembl chr14:64,388,031...64,463,457
JBrowse link
G MTHFD1L methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1 like TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr 6:150,865,702...151,101,887
Ensembl chr 6:150,865,679...151,101,887
JBrowse link
G MTHFD2 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase TAS RGD PMID:20645850 PMID:22108709 RGD:7242560, RGD:7242557 NCBI chr 2:74,198,615...74,217,565
Ensembl chr 2:74,186,172...74,217,565
JBrowse link
G MTHFD2L methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2 like TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr 4:74,114,560...74,303,099
Ensembl chr 4:74,114,174...74,303,099
JBrowse link
G MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr 1:11,785,723...11,805,964
Ensembl chr 1:11,785,723...11,806,455
JBrowse link
G MTR 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr 1:236,795,281...236,903,981
Ensembl chr 1:236,795,260...236,921,278
JBrowse link
G MTRR 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr 5:7,850,859...7,901,113
Ensembl chr 5:7,851,186...7,906,025
JBrowse link
G SARDH sarcosine dehydrogenase TAS RGD PMID:20645850 RGD:7242560 NCBI chr 9:133,659,418...133,739,955
Ensembl chr 9:133,663,560...133,739,955
JBrowse link
G SHMT1 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 TAS RGD PMID:22108709 RGD:7242557 NCBI chr17:18,327,873...18,363,550
Ensembl chr17:18,327,873...18,363,550
JBrowse link
G SHMT2 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 TAS RGD PMID:20645850 PMID:22108709 RGD:7242560, RGD:7242557 NCBI chr12:57,229,711...57,234,935
Ensembl chr12:57,229,573...57,234,935
JBrowse link
G SLC19A1 solute carrier family 19 member 1 TAS RGD PMID:22108709 PMID:20814827 RGD:7242557, RGD:7242426 NCBI chr21:45,502,517...45,563,025
Ensembl chr21:45,493,572...45,573,365
JBrowse link
G SLC25A32 solute carrier family 25 member 32 TAS RGD PMID:22332074 RGD:7242561 NCBI chr 8:103,398,638...103,415,107
Ensembl chr 8:103,398,635...103,415,189
JBrowse link
G SLC46A1 solute carrier family 46 member 1 TAS RGD PMID:22108709 PMID:20814827 RGD:7242557, RGD:7242426 NCBI chr17:28,394,642...28,406,592
Ensembl chr17:28,394,642...28,407,197
JBrowse link
folate mediated one-carbon metabolic pathway term browser
Symbol Object Name Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G ALDH1L1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 IEA KEGG hsa:00670 NCBI chr 3:126,103,570...126,197,945
Ensembl chr 3:126,103,562...126,197,994
JBrowse link
G ALDH1L2 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L2 IEA KEGG hsa:00670 NCBI chr12:105,019,790...105,084,458
Ensembl chr12:105,019,784...105,107,643
JBrowse link
G AMT aminomethyltransferase IEA KEGG hsa:00670 NCBI chr 3:49,416,778...49,422,473
Ensembl chr 3:49,416,778...49,422,685
JBrowse link
G ATIC 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase IEA
ISO
TAS
KEGG
RGD
PMID:9332377 PMID:22332074 hsa:00670, RGD:70804, RGD:7242561 NCBI chr 2:215,312,059...215,368,592
Ensembl chr 2:215,311,956...215,349,773
JBrowse link
G DHFR dihydrofolate reductase ISS
TAS
IEA
KEGG
RGD
PMID:11502523 PMID:22332074 hsa:00670, RGD:1298877, RGD:7242561 NCBI chr 5:80,626,226...80,654,983
Ensembl chr 5:80,626,226...80,654,983
JBrowse link
G DMGDH dimethylglycine dehydrogenase ISS RGD PMID:15358367 RGD:1547831 NCBI chr 5:78,997,564...79,069,674
Ensembl chr 5:78,997,564...79,236,038
JBrowse link
G FOLH1 folate hydrolase 1 ISS RGD PMID:9501243 RGD:728645 NCBI chr11:49,145,092...49,208,602
Ensembl chr11:49,145,092...49,208,638
JBrowse link
G FTCD formimidoyltransferase cyclodeaminase IEA KEGG hsa:00670 NCBI chr21:46,136,262...46,155,579
Ensembl chr21:46,136,160...46,155,579
JBrowse link
G GART phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase IDA
TAS
IEA
KEGG
RGD
PMID:12450384 PMID:22332074 hsa:00670, RGD:1547842, RGD:7242561 NCBI chr21:33,503,931...33,542,893
Ensembl chr21:33,503,931...33,543,491
JBrowse link
G GNMT glycine N-methyltransferase ISO RGD PMID:8278367 RGD:1545057 NCBI chr 6:42,960,754...42,963,880
Ensembl chr 6:42,960,754...42,963,880
JBrowse link
G MTFMT mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase IEA KEGG hsa:00670 NCBI chr15:65,001,512...65,029,639
Ensembl chr15:65,001,512...65,029,639
JBrowse link
G MTHFD1 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 IEA
TAS
ISS
KEGG
RGD
PMID:22332074 PMID:2186031 hsa:00670, RGD:7242561, RGD:1299513 NCBI chr14:64,388,353...64,460,025
Ensembl chr14:64,388,031...64,463,457
JBrowse link
G MTHFD1L methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1 like IEA KEGG hsa:00670 NCBI chr 6:150,865,702...151,101,887
Ensembl chr 6:150,865,679...151,101,887
JBrowse link
G MTHFD2 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase TAS
IEA
KEGG
RGD
PMID:9454603 hsa:00670, RGD:1540378 NCBI chr 2:74,198,615...74,217,565
Ensembl chr 2:74,186,172...74,217,565
JBrowse link
G MTHFD2L methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2 like IEA KEGG hsa:00670 NCBI chr 4:74,114,560...74,303,099
Ensembl chr 4:74,114,174...74,303,099
JBrowse link
G MTHFR methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase TAS
IEA
KEGG
RGD
PMID:11933257 PMID:22332074 hsa:00670, RGD:1535021, RGD:7242561 NCBI chr 1:11,785,723...11,805,964
Ensembl chr 1:11,785,723...11,806,455
JBrowse link
G MTHFS methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase IEA KEGG hsa:00670 NCBI chr15:79,843,547...79,897,285
Ensembl chr15:79,833,585...79,897,379
JBrowse link
G MTR 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase IEA
TAS
ISS
KEGG
RGD
PMID:20814827 PMID:15845641 hsa:00670, RGD:7242426, RGD:1359026 NCBI chr 1:236,795,281...236,903,981
Ensembl chr 1:236,795,260...236,921,278
JBrowse link
G MTRR 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase TAS RGD PMID:20814827 RGD:7242426 NCBI chr 5:7,850,859...7,901,113
Ensembl chr 5:7,851,186...7,906,025
JBrowse link
G SHMT1 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 TAS
IEA
ISO
KEGG
RGD
PMID:15671219 PMID:22332074 PMID:3110140 hsa:00670, RGD:1359815, RGD:7242561, RGD:2300383 NCBI chr17:18,327,873...18,363,550
Ensembl chr17:18,327,873...18,363,550
JBrowse link
G SHMT2 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 TAS
IEA
ISO
KEGG
RGD
PMID:15671219 PMID:22332074 PMID:3110140 hsa:00670, RGD:1359815, RGD:7242561, RGD:2300383 NCBI chr12:57,229,711...57,234,935
Ensembl chr12:57,229,573...57,234,935
JBrowse link
G TYMS thymidylate synthetase IEA
TAS
ISS
KEGG
RGD
PMID:22332074 PMID:9894005 hsa:00670, RGD:7242561, RGD:1545055 NCBI chr18:657,653...673,578
Ensembl chr18:657,653...673,578
JBrowse link

Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  pathway 5957
    classic metabolic pathway 1803
      metabolic pathway of cofactors, vitamins, nutrients 370
        folate metabolic pathway 43
          altered folate metabolic pathway + 8
          folate cycle metabolic pathway + 25
          folate mediated one-carbon metabolic pathway + 22
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  pathway 5957
    regulatory pathway 3600
      homeostasis pathway 1667
        organic chemical homeostasis pathway 429
          S-adenosylmethionine homeostasis pathway 277
            folate metabolic pathway 43
              altered folate metabolic pathway + 8
              folate cycle metabolic pathway + 25
              folate mediated one-carbon metabolic pathway + 22
paths to the root