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ONTOLOGY REPORT - ANNOTATIONS


Term:nucleobase metabolic process
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Accession:GO:0009112 term browser browse the term
Definition:The chemical reactions and pathways involving a nucleobase, a nitrogenous base that is a constituent of a nucleic acid, e.g. the purines: adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and the pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine.
Synonyms:exact_synonym: nucleobase metabolism



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'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G CAD carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase involved_in ISO
IBA
IEA
ISS
IDA
(PMID:24332717) RGD
GO_Central
Ensembl
InterPro
BHF-UCL
UniProt
PMID:1476792 PMID:24332717 GO_REF:0000002 GO_REF:0000024 GO_REF:0000033 GO_REF:0000107 RGD:5132591 NCBI chr 2:27,217,369...27,243,943
Ensembl chr 2:27,217,369...27,243,943
JBrowse link
G CMPK1 cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 1 involved_in IEA InterPro GO_REF:0000002 NCBI chr 1:47,333,790...47,378,839
Ensembl chr 1:47,333,790...47,394,866
JBrowse link
G CPS1 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 involved_in IEA InterPro GO_REF:0000002 NCBI chr 2:210,477,685...210,679,107
Ensembl chr 2:210,477,682...210,679,107
JBrowse link
G DHODH dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone) involved_in ISO
IBA
IEA
RGD
GO_Central
InterPro
PMID:1476792 GO_REF:0000002 GO_REF:0000033 RGD:5132591 NCBI chr16:72,008,744...72,027,659
Ensembl chr16:72,008,588...72,027,664
JBrowse link
G MTOR mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase involved_in IEA Ensembl GO_REF:0000107 NCBI chr 1:11,106,535...11,262,551
Ensembl chr 1:11,106,535...11,262,556
JBrowse link
G UMPS uridine monophosphate synthetase involved_in IEA InterPro GO_REF:0000002 NCBI chr 3:124,730,452...124,749,273
Ensembl chr 3:124,730,433...124,749,273
JBrowse link
adenine biosynthetic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G GART phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr21:33,503,931...33,542,893
Ensembl chr21:33,503,931...33,543,491
JBrowse link
adenine metabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G APRT adenine phosphoribosyltransferase involved_in
acts_upstream_of_or_within
IEA
ISO
(PMID:8643571), (PMID:8894695)
(PMID:8894695)
Ensembl
MGI
PMID:8643571 PMID:8894695 GO_REF:0000107 NCBI chr16:88,809,339...88,811,928
Ensembl chr16:88,809,339...88,811,937
JBrowse link
G HPRT1 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 involved_in
acts_upstream_of_or_within
IEA
ISO
(PMID:8894695) Ensembl
MGI
PMID:8894695 GO_REF:0000107 NCBI chr  X:134,460,165...134,500,668
Ensembl chr  X:134,460,165...134,520,513
JBrowse link
adenine salvage term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G APRT adenine phosphoribosyltransferase involved_in IEA
IBA
InterPro
GO_Central
GO_REF:0000002 GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr16:88,809,339...88,811,928
Ensembl chr16:88,809,339...88,811,937
JBrowse link
cytosine metabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G CDA cytidine deaminase involved_in TAS (PMID:7923172) UniProt PMID:7923172 NCBI chr 1:20,589,097...20,618,903
Ensembl chr 1:20,589,086...20,618,903
JBrowse link
G MAPK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 involved_in
acts_upstream_of_or_within
IEA
ISO
(PMID:15284227) Ensembl
MGI
PMID:15284227 GO_REF:0000107 NCBI chr22:21,759,657...21,867,680
Ensembl chr22:21,759,657...21,867,680
JBrowse link
G TET2 tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 acts_upstream_of_or_within ISO (PMID:21803851) MGI PMID:21803851 NCBI chr 4:105,145,875...105,279,803
Ensembl chr 4:105,145,875...105,279,816
JBrowse link
GMP catabolic process to guanine term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G NT5C2 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II involved_in ISO (PMID:5560407) MGI PMID:5560407 NCBI chr10:103,088,017...103,193,272
Ensembl chr10:103,087,185...103,277,605
JBrowse link
guanine catabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G GDA guanine deaminase involved_in IEA InterPro
UniProt
Ensembl
GO_REF:0000002 GO_REF:0000041 GO_REF:0000107 NCBI chr 9:72,114,608...72,259,869
Ensembl chr 9:72,114,595...72,257,193
JBrowse link
G UOX urate oxidase (pseudogene) involved_in ISO (PMID:16462750) MGI PMID:16462750 NCBI chr 1:84,364,958...84,384,801
Ensembl chr 1:84,365,428...84,397,831
JBrowse link
G URAD ureidoimidazoline (2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-) decarboxylase involved_in ISO (PMID:16462750) MGI PMID:16462750 NCBI chr13:27,977,717...27,988,693
Ensembl chr13:27,977,717...27,988,693
JBrowse link
G URAHP urate (hydroxyiso-) hydrolase, pseudogene involved_in ISO (PMID:16462750) MGI PMID:16462750 NCBI chr16:90,039,761...90,047,783
Ensembl chr16:90,043,914...90,047,597
Ensembl chr16:90,043,914...90,047,597
JBrowse link
G XDH xanthine dehydrogenase involved_in IEA Ensembl GO_REF:0000107 NCBI chr 2:31,334,321...31,414,742
Ensembl chr 2:31,334,321...31,414,742
JBrowse link
guanine metabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G GDA guanine deaminase involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr 9:72,114,608...72,259,869
Ensembl chr 9:72,114,595...72,257,193
JBrowse link
G KDM1A lysine demethylase 1A involved_in ISO
IEA
RGD
Ensembl
PMID:20418916 GO_REF:0000107 RGD:9588315 NCBI chr 1:23,019,468...23,083,689
Ensembl chr 1:23,019,443...23,083,689
JBrowse link
guanine salvage term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G HPRT1 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 involved_in IDA
IBA
(PMID:19527031) UniProt
GO_Central
PMID:19527031 GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr  X:134,460,165...134,500,668
Ensembl chr  X:134,460,165...134,520,513
JBrowse link
G PRTFDC1 phosphoribosyl transferase domain containing 1 NOT|involved_in IDA (PMID:21054786) UniProt PMID:21054786 NCBI chr10:24,848,614...24,952,606
Ensembl chr10:24,848,614...24,952,606
JBrowse link
hypoxanthine biosynthetic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G ADA adenosine deaminase involved_in
acts_upstream_of_or_within
IEA
ISO
(PMID:10720488) Ensembl
MGI
PMID:10720488 GO_REF:0000107 NCBI chr20:44,619,522...44,651,699
Ensembl chr20:44,584,896...44,652,252
JBrowse link
G PRPS1 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 involved_in IMP (PMID:17701896) UniProt PMID:17701896 NCBI chr  X:107,628,510...107,651,026
Ensembl chr  X:107,628,428...107,651,993
JBrowse link
hypoxanthine catabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G UOX urate oxidase (pseudogene) involved_in ISO (PMID:16462750) MGI PMID:16462750 NCBI chr 1:84,364,958...84,384,801
Ensembl chr 1:84,365,428...84,397,831
JBrowse link
G URAD ureidoimidazoline (2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-) decarboxylase involved_in ISO (PMID:16462750) MGI PMID:16462750 NCBI chr13:27,977,717...27,988,693
Ensembl chr13:27,977,717...27,988,693
JBrowse link
G URAHP urate (hydroxyiso-) hydrolase, pseudogene involved_in ISO (PMID:16462750) MGI PMID:16462750 NCBI chr16:90,039,761...90,047,783
Ensembl chr16:90,043,914...90,047,597
Ensembl chr16:90,043,914...90,047,597
JBrowse link
G XDH xanthine dehydrogenase involved_in ISO
IEA
IDA
(PMID:1619276) RGD
Ensembl
MGI
PMID:232638 PMID:1619276 GO_REF:0000107 RGD:13210503 NCBI chr 2:31,334,321...31,414,742
Ensembl chr 2:31,334,321...31,414,742
JBrowse link
hypoxanthine metabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G HPRT1 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 acts_upstream_of_or_within
involved_in
ISO
IBA
IMP
IEA
(PMID:10037486)
(PMID:3029599)
(PMID:9824441)
RGD
MGI
GO_Central
UniProt
Ensembl
PMID:3029599 PMID:6206848 PMID:9824441 PMID:10037486 GO_REF:0000033 GO_REF:0000107 RGD:1580844 NCBI chr  X:134,460,165...134,500,668
Ensembl chr  X:134,460,165...134,520,513
JBrowse link
hypoxanthine salvage term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G ADA adenosine deaminase involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr20:44,619,522...44,651,699
Ensembl chr20:44,584,896...44,652,252
JBrowse link
G HPRT1 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 involved_in IDA (PMID:19527031) UniProt PMID:19527031 NCBI chr  X:134,460,165...134,500,668
Ensembl chr  X:134,460,165...134,520,513
JBrowse link
purine nucleobase biosynthetic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G GART phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase involved_in IEA UniProt
InterPro
GO_REF:0000002 GO_REF:0000104 NCBI chr21:33,503,931...33,542,893
Ensembl chr21:33,503,931...33,543,491
JBrowse link
G GMPS guanine monophosphate synthase involved_in TAS (PMID:8089153) PINC PMID:8089153 NCBI chr 3:155,869,430...155,944,020
Ensembl chr 3:155,870,650...155,944,020
JBrowse link
G PAICS phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase involved_in TAS
IDA
(PMID:2253271)
(PMID:31600779)
PINC
UniProt
PMID:2253271 PMID:31600779 NCBI chr 4:56,410,507...56,464,578
Ensembl chr 4:56,435,741...56,464,578
JBrowse link
G PPAT phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase involved_in IEA InterPro GO_REF:0000002 NCBI chr 4:56,393,362...56,435,615
Ensembl chr 4:56,393,362...56,435,615
JBrowse link
G SHMT1 serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 involved_in IDA (PMID:11516159) UniProt PMID:11516159 NCBI chr17:18,327,873...18,363,550
Ensembl chr17:18,327,873...18,363,550
JBrowse link
purine nucleobase catabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G DPYD dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase involved_in IMP (PMID:11988088) UniProt PMID:11988088 NCBI chr 1:97,077,743...97,921,059
Ensembl chr 1:97,077,743...97,995,000
JBrowse link
purine nucleobase metabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G ACP3 acid phosphatase 3 involved_in IEA Ensembl GO_REF:0000107 NCBI chr 3:132,317,407...132,368,302
Ensembl chr 3:132,317,369...132,368,302
JBrowse link
G ADK adenosine kinase involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr10:74,151,221...74,709,290
Ensembl chr10:74,151,202...74,709,963
JBrowse link
G GMPR guanosine monophosphate reductase involved_in IEA UniProt GO_REF:0000043 NCBI chr 6:16,238,587...16,295,549
Ensembl chr 6:16,238,587...16,295,549
JBrowse link
G GMPR2 guanosine monophosphate reductase 2 involved_in IEA UniProt GO_REF:0000043 NCBI chr14:24,232,622...24,239,242
Ensembl chr14:24,232,422...24,239,242
JBrowse link
G PRPS1 phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1 involved_in IMP (PMID:8253776) UniProt PMID:8253776 NCBI chr  X:107,628,510...107,651,026
Ensembl chr  X:107,628,428...107,651,993
JBrowse link
G TTR transthyretin involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr18:31,591,877...31,598,821
Ensembl chr18:31,557,009...31,598,833
JBrowse link
G URAD ureidoimidazoline (2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-) decarboxylase involved_in IEA UniProt GO_REF:0000043 NCBI chr13:27,977,717...27,988,693
Ensembl chr13:27,977,717...27,988,693
JBrowse link
pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G CTPS1 CTP synthase 1 involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr 1:40,979,696...41,012,565
Ensembl chr 1:40,979,300...41,012,565
JBrowse link
G CTPS2 CTP synthase 2 involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr  X:16,587,999...16,712,910
Ensembl chr  X:16,587,999...16,712,936
JBrowse link
G UMPS uridine monophosphate synthetase involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr 3:124,730,452...124,749,273
Ensembl chr 3:124,730,433...124,749,273
JBrowse link
pyrimidine nucleobase catabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G CRMP1 collapsin response mediator protein 1 NOT|involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr 4:5,820,764...5,893,086
Ensembl chr 4:5,748,084...5,893,086
JBrowse link
G DPYD dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase acts_upstream_of_or_within
involved_in
ISO
IEA
ISS
IMP
(PMID:12651209)
(PMID:11988088)
RGD
MGI
Ensembl
UniProt
PMID:1629785 PMID:11988088 PMID:12651209 GO_REF:0000024 GO_REF:0000107 RGD:1599794 NCBI chr 1:97,077,743...97,921,059
Ensembl chr 1:97,077,743...97,995,000
JBrowse link
G DPYS dihydropyrimidinase involved_in IDA
IBA
(PMID:9718352) UniProt
GO_Central
PMID:9718352 GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr 8:104,379,431...104,467,055
Ensembl chr 8:104,330,324...104,467,055
JBrowse link
G DPYSL2 dihydropyrimidinase like 2 NOT|involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr 8:26,514,031...26,658,175
Ensembl chr 8:26,514,031...26,658,178
JBrowse link
G DPYSL3 dihydropyrimidinase like 3 NOT|involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr 5:147,390,808...147,510,068
Ensembl chr 5:147,390,808...147,510,068
JBrowse link
G DPYSL4 dihydropyrimidinase like 4 NOT|involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr10:132,186,948...132,205,759
Ensembl chr10:132,186,948...132,205,759
JBrowse link
G DPYSL5 dihydropyrimidinase like 5 NOT|involved_in IBA GO_Central GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr 2:26,847,995...26,950,351
Ensembl chr 2:26,847,747...26,950,351
JBrowse link
pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G RRM1 ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1 involved_in ISO
IEA
orotic acid RGD
Ensembl
PMID:10204803 GO_REF:0000107 RGD:5133695 NCBI chr11:4,094,685...4,138,932
Ensembl chr11:4,094,707...4,138,932
JBrowse link
G RRM2 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 ISO orotic acid RGD PMID:10204803 RGD:5133695 NCBI chr 2:10,122,568...10,211,010
Ensembl chr 2:10,120,698...10,211,725
JBrowse link
G TYMP thymidine phosphorylase involved_in IEA InterPro GO_REF:0000002 NCBI chr22:50,525,752...50,530,085
Ensembl chr22:50,525,752...50,530,032
JBrowse link
G TYMS thymidylate synthetase involved_in ISO
IEA
5-fluorocytosine RGD
Ensembl
PMID:9524100 GO_REF:0000107 RGD:5133447 NCBI chr18:657,653...673,578
Ensembl chr18:657,653...673,578
JBrowse link
thymine catabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G ALDH6A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 family member A1 involved_in ISO
IBA
IMP
(PMID:23835272) RGD
GO_Central
BHF-UCL
PMID:2768248 PMID:23835272 GO_REF:0000033 RGD:1599052 NCBI chr14:74,056,847...74,084,453
Ensembl chr14:74,056,847...74,084,492
JBrowse link
G DPYD dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase involved_in IDA
IBA
(PMID:10410956) UniProt
GO_Central
PMID:10410956 GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr 1:97,077,743...97,921,059
Ensembl chr 1:97,077,743...97,995,000
JBrowse link
G DPYS dihydropyrimidinase involved_in ISS UniProt GO_REF:0000024 NCBI chr 8:104,379,431...104,467,055
Ensembl chr 8:104,330,324...104,467,055
JBrowse link
thymine metabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G ALDH6A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 family member A1 involved_in ISS UniProt GO_REF:0000024 NCBI chr14:74,056,847...74,084,453
Ensembl chr14:74,056,847...74,084,492
JBrowse link
uracil catabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G DPYD dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase involved_in IDA
IBA
(PMID:1512248), (PMID:18075467) UniProt
GO_Central
PMID:1512248 PMID:18075467 GO_REF:0000033 NCBI chr 1:97,077,743...97,921,059
Ensembl chr 1:97,077,743...97,995,000
JBrowse link
G DPYS dihydropyrimidinase involved_in IMP
IDA
(PMID:18075467)
(PMID:10410956)
UniProt PMID:10410956 PMID:18075467 NCBI chr 8:104,379,431...104,467,055
Ensembl chr 8:104,330,324...104,467,055
JBrowse link
uracil metabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G DPYD dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase ISO RGD PMID:7626590 RGD:1624989 NCBI chr 1:97,077,743...97,921,059
Ensembl chr 1:97,077,743...97,995,000
JBrowse link
G DPYS dihydropyrimidinase ISO RGD PMID:7626590 PMID:8307005 RGD:1624989 RGD:1624990 NCBI chr 8:104,379,431...104,467,055
Ensembl chr 8:104,330,324...104,467,055
JBrowse link
G TYMS thymidylate synthetase involved_in ISO
IEA
RGD
Ensembl
PMID:2043679 GO_REF:0000107 RGD:5133426 NCBI chr18:657,653...673,578
Ensembl chr18:657,653...673,578
JBrowse link
xanthine biosynthetic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G ADA adenosine deaminase involved_in
acts_upstream_of_or_within
IEA
ISO
(PMID:10720488) Ensembl
MGI
PMID:10720488 GO_REF:0000107 NCBI chr20:44,619,522...44,651,699
Ensembl chr20:44,584,896...44,652,252
JBrowse link
xanthine catabolic process term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G UOX urate oxidase (pseudogene) involved_in ISO (PMID:4207016) MGI PMID:4207016 NCBI chr 1:84,364,958...84,384,801
Ensembl chr 1:84,365,428...84,397,831
JBrowse link
G URAD ureidoimidazoline (2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-) decarboxylase involved_in ISO (PMID:16462750) MGI PMID:16462750 NCBI chr13:27,977,717...27,988,693
Ensembl chr13:27,977,717...27,988,693
JBrowse link
G URAHP urate (hydroxyiso-) hydrolase, pseudogene involved_in ISO (PMID:16462750) MGI PMID:16462750 NCBI chr16:90,039,761...90,047,783
Ensembl chr16:90,043,914...90,047,597
Ensembl chr16:90,043,914...90,047,597
JBrowse link
G XDH xanthine dehydrogenase involved_in IDA
IBA
IEA
(PMID:17301077), (PMID:8670112) UniProt
GO_Central
Ensembl
PMID:8670112 PMID:17301077 GO_REF:0000033 GO_REF:0000107 NCBI chr 2:31,334,321...31,414,742
Ensembl chr 2:31,334,321...31,414,742
JBrowse link

Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  biological_process 19711
    cellular process 18963
      metabolic process 12918
        small molecule metabolic process 1998
          nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process 755
            nucleobase metabolic process 45
              nucleobase biosynthetic process + 18
              nucleobase catabolic process + 13
              purine nucleobase metabolic process + 23
              pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process + 23
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  biological_process 19711
    cellular process 18963
      metabolic process 12918
        primary metabolic process 11235
          nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process 6782
            nucleobase-containing small molecule metabolic process 755
              nucleobase metabolic process 45
                nucleobase biosynthetic process + 18
                nucleobase catabolic process + 13
                purine nucleobase metabolic process + 23
                pyrimidine nucleobase metabolic process + 23
paths to the root