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CHEBI ONTOLOGY - ANNOTATIONS

The Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology is downloaded weekly from EMBL-EBI at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/. The data is made available under the Creative Commons License (CC BY 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). For more information see: Degtyarenko et al. (2008) ChEBI: a database and ontology for chemical entities of biological interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D344–D350.
Term:silibinin
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Accession:CHEBI:9144 term browser browse the term
Definition:A flavonolignan isolated from milk thistle, Silybum marianum, that has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and antineoplastic activities.
Synonyms:exact_synonym: (2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[(2R,3R)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one
 related_synonym: Flavobin;   Formula=C25H22O10;   InChI=1S/C25H22O10/c1-32-17-6-11(2-4-14(17)28)24-20(10-26)33-16-5-3-12(7-18(16)34-24)25-23(31)22(30)21-15(29)8-13(27)9-19(21)35-25/h2-9,20,23-29,31H,10H2,1H3/t20-,23+,24-,25-/m1/s1;   InChIKey=SEBFKMXJBCUCAI-HKTJVKLFSA-N;   Karsil;   SMILES=[H][C@@]1(Oc2cc(ccc2O[C@@H]1CO)[C@@]1([H])Oc2cc(O)cc(O)c2C(=O)[C@@H]1O)c1ccc(O)c(OC)c1;   Silibinine;   Silybin;   Silymarin;   silibinina;   silibininum
 xref: CAS:22888-70-6;   HMDB:HMDB0030583;   KEGG:C07610;   KEGG:D08515;   KNApSAcK:C00001003
 xref_mesh: MESH:C440975
 xref: PMID:22086675;   PMID:22555054;   PMID:22899727;   PMID:23073223;   PMID:23357565;   PMID:23402882;   Patent:CN102727484;   Reaxys:1632852;   Wikipedia:Silibinin


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silibinin term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G Abcb11 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11 multiple interactions EXP Silybin affects the localization of and affects the activity of ABCB11 protein CTD PMID:15763547 NCBI chr 3:54,016,854...54,112,797
Ensembl chr 3:54,017,127...54,112,730 		JBrowse link
G Abcb1a ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1A multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [ABCB1 protein results in decreased uptake of Daunorubicin]; Silybin promotes the reaction [Elacridar inhibits the reaction [ABCB1 protein results in decreased uptake of Daunorubicin]] CTD PMID:34217736 NCBI chr 4:25,357,467...25,529,941
Ensembl chr 4:25,158,362...25,442,709 		JBrowse link
G Acaca acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha multiple interactions
increases phosphorylation		 ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in decreased phosphorylation of ACACA protein]
Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of ACACA protein		 CTD PMID:25294820 PMID:25559859 NCBI chr10:69,014,261...69,276,453
Ensembl chr10:69,014,170...69,276,457 		JBrowse link
G Acly ATP citrate lyase decreases phosphorylation ISO Silybin results in decreased phosphorylation of ACLY protein CTD PMID:25294820 NCBI chr10:85,412,045...85,464,253
Ensembl chr10:85,412,049...85,463,320 		JBrowse link
G Adipor2 adiponectin receptor 2 increases expression EXP silymarin (silibinin) increases expression of adipor2 mRNA and protein in epididymal white adipose tissue of alcohol fed rats RGD PMID:26115886 RGD:25330099 NCBI chr 4:152,524,604...152,588,848
Ensembl chr 4:152,524,623...152,559,355 		JBrowse link
G Agpat3 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3 multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [[Zidovudine co-treated with Isoniazid] results in increased expression of AGPAT3 mRNA] CTD PMID:28619387 NCBI chr20:10,330,960...10,415,358
Ensembl chr20:10,384,507...10,415,358 		JBrowse link
G Akr1c3 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3 decreases activity ISO Silybin results in decreased activity of AKR1C3 protein CTD PMID:19007764 NCBI chr17:66,110,970...66,127,867
Ensembl chr17:66,110,963...66,127,873 		JBrowse link
G Akt1 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased phosphorylation of AKT1 protein] CTD PMID:25559859 NCBI chr 6:131,713,716...131,735,319
Ensembl chr 6:131,713,720...131,733,921 		JBrowse link
G Amacr alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase decreases expression ISO Silybin results in decreased expression of AMACR protein CTD PMID:25294820 NCBI chr 2:59,946,158...59,958,255
Ensembl chr 2:59,946,153...59,958,255 		JBrowse link
G Apoa5 apolipoprotein A5 multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [[Zidovudine co-treated with Isoniazid] results in decreased expression of APOA5 mRNA] CTD PMID:28619387 NCBI chr 8:46,561,180...46,563,818
Ensembl chr 8:46,561,229...46,563,816 		JBrowse link
G Asl argininosuccinate lyase multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [[Isoniazid co-treated with Zidovudine] results in increased activity of ASL protein] CTD PMID:28619387 NCBI chr12:26,659,664...26,677,136
Ensembl chr12:26,659,565...26,679,662 		JBrowse link
G Atm ATM serine/threonine kinase multiple interactions ISO Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of and results in increased activity of ATM protein CTD PMID:16777994 NCBI chr 8:53,828,741...53,932,773
Ensembl chr 8:53,831,093...53,932,437 		JBrowse link
G Bax BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in increased expression of BAX protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in increased expression of BAX protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Mitomycin affects the localization of BAX protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Staurosporine promotes the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in increased expression of BAX protein]] CTD PMID:19834285 PMID:35158046 NCBI chr 1:95,940,001...95,945,407
Ensembl chr 1:95,938,808...95,945,368 		JBrowse link
G Bcl2 BCL2, apoptosis regulator decreases expression
multiple interactions		 ISO Silybin results in decreased expression of BCL2 mRNA
[Silybin co-treated with Arsenic Trioxide] results in decreased expression of BCL2 mRNA; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Mitomycin affects the expression of BCL2]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Staurosporine promotes the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]]		 CTD PMID:19834285 PMID:21969006 PMID:35158046 NCBI chr13:22,689,783...22,853,920
Ensembl chr13:22,684,989...22,853,743
Ensembl chr13:22,684,989...22,853,743 		JBrowse link
G Bid BH3 interacting domain death agonist multiple interactions
increases cleavage
affects localization		 ISO benzoylcarbonyl-valyl-aspartyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-fluoromethyl ketone inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of BID protein]; Caffeine inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of BID protein]; pifithrin inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of BID protein]
Silybin affects the localization of BID protein modified form		 CTD PMID:16777994 NCBI chr 4:154,113,198...154,136,353
Ensembl chr 4:154,113,198...154,134,720 		JBrowse link
G Birc5 baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 5 multiple interactions ISO [Silybin co-treated with Arsenic Trioxide] results in decreased expression of BIRC5 mRNA CTD PMID:21969006 NCBI chr10:103,072,530...103,081,382
Ensembl chr10:103,073,408...103,081,380 		JBrowse link
G Car9 carbonic anhydrase 9 decreases expression
multiple interactions		 ISO Silybin results in decreased expression of CA9 mRNA
Arsenic Trioxide promotes the reaction [Silybin results in decreased expression of CA9 mRNA]		 CTD PMID:21969006 NCBI chr 5:57,763,234...57,769,838
Ensembl chr 5:57,763,206...57,769,838 		JBrowse link
G Casp2 caspase 2 multiple interactions ISO benzoylcarbonyl-valyl-aspartyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-fluoromethyl ketone inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP2 protein]; Caffeine inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP2 protein]; pifithrin inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP2 protein]; Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP2 protein CTD PMID:16777994 NCBI chr 4:71,149,632...71,167,388
Ensembl chr 4:71,149,669...71,167,379 		JBrowse link
G Casp3 caspase 3 increases expression
multiple interactions
increases activity		 ISO Silybin results in increased expression of CASP3 mRNA
Arsenic Trioxide promotes the reaction [Silybin results in increased activity of CASP3 protein]; benzoylcarbonyl-valyl-aspartyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-fluoromethyl ketone inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP3 protein]; Caffeine inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP3 protein]; pifithrin inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP3 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in increased cleavage of CASP3 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in increased cleavage of CASP3 protein]; Silybin promotes the reaction [Arsenic Trioxide results in increased expression of CASP3 mRNA]; Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP3 protein		 CTD PMID:16777994 PMID:21969006 PMID:35158046 NCBI chr16:45,662,910...45,681,171
Ensembl chr16:45,662,910...45,684,648 		JBrowse link
G Casp8 caspase 8 multiple interactions ISO benzoylcarbonyl-valyl-aspartyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-fluoromethyl ketone inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP8 protein]; pifithrin inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP8 protein]; Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP8 protein CTD PMID:16777994 NCBI chr 9:60,263,863...60,312,542
Ensembl chr 9:60,264,075...60,312,542 		JBrowse link
G Casp9 caspase 9 multiple interactions ISO benzoylcarbonyl-valyl-aspartyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-fluoromethyl ketone inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP9 protein]; Caffeine inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP9 protein]; pifithrin inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP9 protein]; Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of CASP9 protein CTD PMID:16777994 NCBI chr 5:154,108,872...154,126,628
Ensembl chr 5:154,109,046...154,126,626 		JBrowse link
G Cat catalase multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [[lead acetate results in increased abundance of Lead] which results in decreased activity of CAT protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Arsenic results in decreased activity of CAT protein] CTD PMID:22229868 PMID:35752206 NCBI chr 3:89,842,393...89,874,577
Ensembl chr 3:89,842,399...89,874,478 		JBrowse link
G Ccna2 cyclin A2 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased expression of CCNA2 protein] CTD PMID:25559859 NCBI chr 2:119,427,239...119,433,645
Ensembl chr 2:119,426,089...119,433,577 		JBrowse link
G Ccnb1 cyclin B1 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Arsenic results in increased expression of CCNB1] CTD PMID:25868784 NCBI chr 2:31,912,190...31,921,163
Ensembl chr 2:31,912,193...31,921,172 		JBrowse link
G Ccnd1 cyclin D1 multiple interactions
decreases expression		 ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased expression of CCND1 protein]
Silybin results in decreased expression of CCND1 protein
[Silybin co-treated with Arsenic] results in decreased expression of CCND1 protein		 CTD PMID:16788158 PMID:25559859 PMID:25868784 NCBI chr 1:200,089,002...200,098,524
Ensembl chr 1:200,089,002...200,098,602 		JBrowse link
G Ccnd3 cyclin D3 multiple interactions ISO [Silybin co-treated with Arsenic] results in decreased expression of CCND3 protein CTD PMID:25868784 NCBI chr 9:13,394,161...13,400,341
Ensembl chr 9:13,394,169...13,489,371 		JBrowse link
G Cdk1 cyclin-dependent kinase 1 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Arsenic results in increased expression of CDK1 protein] CTD PMID:25868784 NCBI chr20:19,266,226...19,281,417
Ensembl chr20:19,266,248...19,281,408 		JBrowse link
G Cdk2 cyclin dependent kinase 2 multiple interactions ISO [Silybin co-treated with Arsenic] results in decreased expression of CDK2 protein CTD PMID:25868784 NCBI chr 7:1,129,878...1,137,431
Ensembl chr 7:1,129,811...1,137,403 		JBrowse link
G Cdk4 cyclin-dependent kinase 4 multiple interactions ISO [Silybin co-treated with Arsenic] results in decreased expression of CDK4 protein CTD PMID:25868784 NCBI chr 7:62,885,647...62,889,562
Ensembl chr 7:62,883,105...62,942,403 		JBrowse link
G Cdk6 cyclin-dependent kinase 6 multiple interactions ISO [Silybin co-treated with Arsenic] results in decreased expression of CDK6 protein CTD PMID:25868784 NCBI chr 4:30,637,650...30,829,688
Ensembl chr 4:30,646,460...30,829,634 		JBrowse link
G Cdkn1a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A multiple interactions
increases cleavage		 ISO [Silybin co-treated with Arsenic] results in increased expression of CDKN1A protein; benzoylcarbonyl-valyl-aspartyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-fluoromethyl ketone inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of CDKN1A protein] CTD PMID:16777994 PMID:25868784 NCBI chr20:7,149,177...7,159,727
Ensembl chr20:7,149,217...7,159,585 		JBrowse link
G Cdkn1b cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in decreased expression of CDKN1B protein]
[Silybin co-treated with Arsenic] results in increased expression of CDKN1B protein		 CTD PMID:25559859 PMID:25868784 NCBI chr 4:167,760,067...167,765,177
Ensembl chr 4:167,760,181...167,764,982 		JBrowse link
G Cebpa CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased expression of CEBPA protein] CTD PMID:25559859 NCBI chr 1:87,759,631...87,762,303
Ensembl chr 1:87,759,433...87,762,412 		JBrowse link
G Chek2 checkpoint kinase 2 increases phosphorylation
multiple interactions		 ISO Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of CHEK2 protein
Caffeine inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of CHEK2 protein]		 CTD PMID:16777994 NCBI chr12:45,788,823...45,821,382
Ensembl chr12:45,788,827...45,821,286 		JBrowse link
G Col1a1 collagen type I alpha 1 chain multiple interactions EXP [Silybin co-treated with Phosphatidylcholines co-treated with Vitamin E] inhibits the reaction [Dimethylnitrosamine results in increased expression of COL1A1 mRNA] CTD PMID:16169303 NCBI chr10:79,883,622...79,900,625
Ensembl chr10:79,883,622...79,900,624 		JBrowse link
G Ctsb cathepsin B multiple interactions ISO [Arsenic Trioxide co-treated with Silybin] results in decreased expression of CTSB mRNA CTD PMID:21969006 NCBI chr15:37,389,636...37,410,508
Ensembl chr15:37,389,629...37,410,500 		JBrowse link
G Cyb5a cytochrome b5 type A multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [[Zidovudine co-treated with Isoniazid] results in decreased expression of CYB5A mRNA] CTD PMID:28619387 NCBI chr18:78,213,067...78,245,677
Ensembl chr18:78,202,342...78,258,535
Ensembl chr18:78,202,342...78,258,535 		JBrowse link
G Cybb cytochrome b-245 beta chain multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [sodium arsenite results in increased expression of CYBB] CTD PMID:24062023 NCBI chr  X:13,360,583...13,392,517
Ensembl chr  X:13,359,430...13,392,586 		JBrowse link
G Cyp2c79 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 79 decreases activity ISO Silybin results in decreased activity of CYP2C8 protein CTD PMID:28457856
G Cyp3a2 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 multiple interactions
decreases activity		 ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [CYP3A4 protein results in increased hydroxylation of Testosterone]
Silybin results in decreased activity of CYP3A4 protein		 CTD PMID:15155549 NCBI chr12:9,207,986...9,230,038
Ensembl chr12:9,015,383...9,285,008 		JBrowse link
G Ddit3 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 multiple interactions ISO DDIT3 affects the reaction [Silybin results in increased expression of TNFRSF10B] CTD PMID:19939880 NCBI chr 7:63,115,645...63,121,203
Ensembl chr 7:63,116,380...63,121,201 		JBrowse link
G Dlk1 delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in decreased expression of DLK1 mRNA] CTD PMID:25559859 NCBI chr 6:128,410,216...128,417,518
Ensembl chr 6:128,410,316...128,417,522 		JBrowse link
G Dnm1l dynamin 1-like multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in increased expression of DNM1L protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in increased expression of DNM1L protein] CTD PMID:35158046 NCBI chr11:84,581,216...84,632,382
Ensembl chr11:84,581,216...84,631,482 		JBrowse link
G Egr1 early growth response 1 increases expression
multiple interactions		 ISO Silybin results in increased expression of EGR1 protein
EGR1 mutant form inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased expression of GDF15 protein]		 CTD PMID:24440808 NCBI chr18:26,463,333...26,465,531
Ensembl chr18:26,462,981...26,466,766 		JBrowse link
G Esr1 estrogen receptor 1 multiple interactions EXP
ISO		 Silybin results in increased activity of [ESR1 protein binds to ESR2 protein] CTD PMID:16076518 NCBI chr 1:41,106,335...41,499,104
Ensembl chr 1:41,210,475...41,495,002 		JBrowse link
G Esr2 estrogen receptor 2 multiple interactions ISO
EXP		 Silybin results in increased activity of [ESR1 protein binds to ESR2 protein] CTD PMID:16076518 NCBI chr 6:94,858,438...94,909,630
Ensembl chr 6:94,809,547...94,908,919 		JBrowse link
G Fabp4 fatty acid binding protein 4 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased expression of FABP4 protein] CTD PMID:25559859 NCBI chr 2:91,580,858...91,585,578
Ensembl chr 2:91,580,885...91,585,578 		JBrowse link
G Fasn fatty acid synthase multiple interactions
decreases expression		 ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased expression of FASN protein]
Silybin results in decreased expression of FASN protein		 CTD PMID:25294820 PMID:25559859 NCBI chr10:106,072,093...106,090,259
Ensembl chr10:106,072,091...106,090,261 		JBrowse link
G Fgf2 fibroblast growth factor 2 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Urethane results in increased secretion of FGF2 protein] CTD PMID:16788158 NCBI chr 2:120,236,328...120,290,673
Ensembl chr 2:120,236,328...120,291,221 		JBrowse link
G Fth1 ferritin heavy chain 1 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in decreased expression of FTH1 mRNA]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in decreased expression of FTH1 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in decreased expression of FTH1 mRNA]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in decreased expression of FTH1 protein] CTD PMID:35595033 NCBI chr 1:206,627,142...206,629,430
Ensembl chr 1:206,627,103...206,725,424 		JBrowse link
G G6pd glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [Arsenic results in decreased activity of G6PD protein] CTD PMID:22229868 NCBI chr  X:152,201,081...152,220,863
Ensembl chr  X:152,201,098...152,220,801 		JBrowse link
G Gdf15 growth differentiation factor 15 increases expression
multiple interactions		 ISO Silybin results in increased expression of GDF15 mRNA; Silybin results in increased expression of GDF15 protein
EGR1 mutant form inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased expression of GDF15 protein]; GDF15 mutant form inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of PARP1 protein]; pyrazolanthrone promotes the reaction [Silybin results in increased expression of GDF15 protein]; SB 203580 inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased expression of GDF15 protein]		 CTD PMID:24440808 NCBI chr16:18,805,312...18,807,893
Ensembl chr16:18,805,239...18,808,055 		JBrowse link
G Gpt glutamic--pyruvic transaminase multiple interactions EXP
ISO		 Silybin inhibits the reaction [Isoniazid promotes the reaction [Zidovudine results in increased activity of GPT protein]]
Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in increased activity of GPT protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in increased activity of and results in increased secretion of GPT protein]		 CTD PMID:28619387 PMID:35158046 NCBI chr 7:108,416,646...108,419,495
Ensembl chr 7:108,416,642...108,419,494 		JBrowse link
G Gsr glutathione-disulfide reductase multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [Arsenic results in decreased activity of GSR protein] CTD PMID:22229868 NCBI chr16:58,482,209...58,525,256
Ensembl chr16:58,482,505...58,525,661 		JBrowse link
G H2ax H2A.X variant histone multiple interactions
increases phosphorylation		 ISO Caffeine inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of H2AX protein] CTD PMID:16777994 NCBI chr 8:44,671,927...44,673,257
Ensembl chr 8:44,671,786...44,673,239 		JBrowse link
G Hmgcr 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase decreases expression ISO Silybin results in decreased expression of HMGCR protein CTD PMID:25294820 NCBI chr 2:27,997,523...28,018,983
Ensembl chr 2:27,997,525...28,019,703 		JBrowse link
G Hmox1 heme oxygenase 1 multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [sodium arsenite results in decreased expression of HMOX1] CTD PMID:24062023 NCBI chr19:13,466,287...13,474,082
Ensembl chr19:13,467,244...13,474,079 		JBrowse link
G Il1a interleukin 1 alpha multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Lipopolysaccharides results in increased expression of IL1A protein] CTD PMID:33839235 NCBI chr 3:116,526,601...116,537,055
Ensembl chr 3:116,526,604...116,536,822 		JBrowse link
G Il6 interleukin 6 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Lipopolysaccharides results in increased expression of IL6 protein] CTD PMID:33839235 NCBI chr 4:5,214,602...5,219,178
Ensembl chr 4:5,213,394...5,219,178 		JBrowse link
G Jak2 Janus kinase 2 multiple interactions ISO silibinin decreases expression and phosphorylation of JAK2 protein in breast epithelium RGD PMID:28440514 RGD:149735360 NCBI chr 1:226,995,334...227,054,381
Ensembl chr 1:226,995,334...227,054,189 		JBrowse link
G Keap1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [sodium arsenite results in increased expression of KEAP1] CTD PMID:24062023 NCBI chr 8:19,768,375...19,777,862
Ensembl chr 8:19,768,375...19,777,862 		JBrowse link
G Klf2 KLF transcription factor 2 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in decreased expression of KLF2 mRNA] CTD PMID:25559859 NCBI chr16:17,521,773...17,523,723
Ensembl chr16:17,514,552...17,523,944 		JBrowse link
G Klf4 KLF transcription factor 4 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased expression of KLF4 mRNA]
silibinin inhibits the reaction [angiotensin II increases expression of KLF4 protein in vascular smooth muscle cells] 		CTD
RGD		 PMID:25559859 PMID:29127880 RGD:155230825 NCBI chr 5:70,278,843...70,283,751
Ensembl chr 5:70,278,972...70,283,602 		JBrowse link
G Klf5 KLF transcription factor 5 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased expression of KLF5 mRNA] CTD PMID:25559859 NCBI chr15:76,060,320...76,079,445
Ensembl chr15:76,064,258...76,079,445 		JBrowse link
G Lpin1 lipin 1 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased expression of LPIN1 protein] CTD PMID:25559859 NCBI chr 6:39,309,198...39,417,034
Ensembl chr 6:39,312,748...39,417,097 		JBrowse link
G Mapk1 mitogen activated protein kinase 1 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK1 protein] CTD PMID:25559859 NCBI chr11:83,957,813...84,023,629
Ensembl chr11:83,957,813...84,023,616 		JBrowse link
G Mapk3 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK3 protein] CTD PMID:25559859 NCBI chr 1:181,366,646...181,372,863
Ensembl chr 1:181,366,637...181,372,863 		JBrowse link
G Mapk8 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 increases phosphorylation
multiple interactions		 ISO Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK8 protein
pifithrin inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK8 protein]; pyrazolanthrone inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK8 protein]		 CTD PMID:16777994 NCBI chr16:8,638,897...8,721,960
Ensembl chr16:8,638,924...8,721,981 		JBrowse link
G Mapk9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 multiple interactions
increases phosphorylation		 ISO pifithrin inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK9 protein]; pyrazolanthrone inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK9 protein] CTD PMID:16777994 NCBI chr10:34,169,661...34,211,138
Ensembl chr10:34,169,675...34,210,178 		JBrowse link
G Mfn1 mitofusin 1 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in decreased expression of MFN1 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in decreased expression of MFN1 protein] CTD PMID:35158046 NCBI chr 2:115,313,380...115,359,651
Ensembl chr 2:115,313,401...115,359,640 		JBrowse link
G Mgmt O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase multiple interactions ISO Silybin results in increased expression of and results in increased activity of MGMT protein CTD PMID:16950796 NCBI chr 1:191,710,980...191,937,760
Ensembl chr 1:191,710,930...191,937,756 		JBrowse link
G Mmp14 matrix metallopeptidase 14 multiple interactions ISO [Arsenic Trioxide co-treated with Silybin] results in decreased expression of MMP14 mRNA; Arsenic Trioxide inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased expression of MMP14 mRNA] CTD PMID:21969006 NCBI chr15:27,887,795...27,897,020
Ensembl chr15:27,887,727...27,899,864 		JBrowse link
G Mmp2 matrix metallopeptidase 2 increases expression
multiple interactions		 ISO
EXP		 Silybin results in increased expression of MMP2 mRNA
[Silybin co-treated with Phosphatidylcholines co-treated with Vitamin E] inhibits the reaction [Dimethylnitrosamine results in increased expression of MMP2 mRNA]
[Arsenic Trioxide co-treated with Silybin] results in decreased activity of MMP2 protein; [Arsenic Trioxide co-treated with Silybin] results in decreased expression of MMP2 mRNA; [Silybin co-treated with Arsenic] results in decreased expression of MMP2; Silybin promotes the reaction [Arsenic Trioxide results in decreased expression of MMP2 mRNA]		 CTD PMID:16169303 PMID:21969006 PMID:25868784 NCBI chr19:14,154,657...14,182,870
Ensembl chr19:14,154,657...14,182,870 		JBrowse link
G Mmp9 matrix metallopeptidase 9 decreases expression
multiple interactions
decreases activity		 ISO Silybin results in decreased expression of MMP9 mRNA
[Arsenic Trioxide co-treated with Silybin] results in decreased expression of MMP9 mRNA; [Silybin co-treated with Arsenic Trioxide] results in decreased activity of MMP9 protein
Silybin results in decreased activity of MMP9 protein		 CTD PMID:21969006 NCBI chr 3:153,684,158...153,692,118
Ensembl chr 3:153,683,858...153,692,120 		JBrowse link
G Myc MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor decreases expression ISO Silybin results in decreased expression of MYC protein CTD PMID:27746612 NCBI chr 7:93,593,705...93,598,633
Ensembl chr 7:93,593,705...93,598,630 		JBrowse link
G Nat2 N-acetyltransferase 2 multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [[Zidovudine co-treated with Isoniazid] results in decreased expression of NAT2 mRNA] CTD PMID:28619387 NCBI chr16:22,207,362...22,238,513
Ensembl chr16:22,208,194...22,238,520 		JBrowse link
G Ncoa4 nuclear receptor coactivator 4 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in increased expression of NCOA4 mRNA]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in increased expression of NCOA4 mRNA] CTD PMID:35595033 NCBI chr16:7,389,222...7,409,564
Ensembl chr16:7,366,542...7,409,641
Ensembl chr16:7,366,542...7,409,641 		JBrowse link
G Nfe2l2 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [sodium arsenite results in decreased expression of NFE2L2] CTD PMID:24062023 NCBI chr 3:60,594,239...60,621,785
Ensembl chr 3:60,594,242...60,621,737 		JBrowse link
G Nos2 nitric oxide synthase 2 decreases expression ISO Silybin results in decreased expression of NOS2 protein CTD PMID:16788158 NCBI chr10:63,815,308...63,851,208
Ensembl chr10:63,815,308...63,851,210 		JBrowse link
G Nox4 NADPH oxidase 4 multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [sodium arsenite results in increased expression of NOX4] CTD PMID:24062023 NCBI chr 1:140,900,886...141,078,844
Ensembl chr 1:140,901,097...141,077,406 		JBrowse link
G Nqo1 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 decreases expression
multiple interactions		 IEP
ISO		 Silymarin decreases Nqo1 mRNA in liver
Silybin inhibits the reaction [cyfluthrin results in decreased activity of NQO1 protein]		 CTD
RGD		 PMID:31330490 PMID:31432116 RGD:25823187 NCBI chr19:35,295,633...35,310,528
Ensembl chr19:35,295,573...35,310,557 		JBrowse link
G Nr1h4 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4 increases expression EXP silymarin increases Nr1h4 mRNA expression in rat kidney and liver RGD PMID:30308196 RGD:15042865 NCBI chr 7:23,846,122...23,942,085
Ensembl chr 7:23,846,122...23,942,047 		JBrowse link
G Nr1i2 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 increases expression ISO Silybin results in increased expression of NR1I2 mRNA CTD PMID:29933105 NCBI chr11:62,460,213...62,496,665
Ensembl chr11:62,460,213...62,496,658 		JBrowse link
G Opa1 OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in decreased expression of OPA1 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in decreased expression of OPA1 protein] CTD PMID:35158046 NCBI chr11:71,108,100...71,185,170
Ensembl chr11:71,109,873...71,185,109 		JBrowse link
G Parp1 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 increases cleavage
multiple interactions		 ISO Silybin results in increased cleavage of PARP1 protein
benzyloxycarbonyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartic acid analog inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of PARP1 protein]; GDF15 mutant form inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of PARP1 protein]; pifithrin inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased cleavage of PARP1 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in increased cleavage of PARP1 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in increased cleavage of PARP1 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Staurosporine promotes the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in increased cleavage of PARP1 protein]]; Silybin results in increased cleavage of and results in increased activity of PARP1 protein		 CTD PMID:16777994 PMID:24440808 PMID:35158046 NCBI chr13:92,307,593...92,339,406
Ensembl chr13:92,307,586...92,339,404 		JBrowse link
G Pcna proliferating cell nuclear antigen decreases expression ISO Silybin results in decreased expression of PCNA protein CTD PMID:16788158 NCBI chr 3:119,499,039...119,502,911
Ensembl chr 3:119,498,810...119,502,995 		JBrowse link
G Pecam1 platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 decreases expression ISO Silybin results in decreased expression of PECAM1 protein CTD PMID:16788158 NCBI chr10:91,590,521...91,652,279
Ensembl chr10:91,590,521...91,652,116 		JBrowse link
G Pink1 PTEN induced kinase 1 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in decreased expression of PINK1 mRNA]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in decreased expression of PINK1 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in decreased expression of PINK1 mRNA]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in decreased expression of PINK1 protein] CTD PMID:35595033 NCBI chr 5:150,530,523...150,542,635
Ensembl chr 5:150,530,523...150,542,635 		JBrowse link
G Plau plasminogen activator, urokinase multiple interactions
decreases expression		 ISO [Silybin co-treated with Arsenic Trioxide] results in decreased expression of PLAU mRNA; Arsenic Trioxide promotes the reaction [Silybin results in decreased expression of PLAU mRNA]; Silybin promotes the reaction [Arsenic Trioxide results in decreased expression of PLAU mRNA] CTD PMID:21969006 NCBI chr15:3,456,230...3,462,732
Ensembl chr15:3,456,232...3,462,775 		JBrowse link
G Por cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [[Zidovudine co-treated with Isoniazid] results in decreased expression of POR mRNA] CTD PMID:28619387 NCBI chr12:20,951,058...20,999,198
Ensembl chr12:20,951,058...20,999,245 		JBrowse link
G Pparg peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma multiple interactions
increases expression		 ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased expression of PPARG protein]
Silybin results in increased expression of PPARG protein		 CTD PMID:25559859 PMID:27746612 NCBI chr 4:148,423,102...148,548,471
Ensembl chr 4:148,423,194...148,548,468 		JBrowse link
G Prkn parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in decreased expression of PRKN mRNA]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in decreased expression of PRKN protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in decreased expression of PRKN mRNA]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in decreased expression of PRKN protein] CTD PMID:35595033 NCBI chr 1:48,688,651...49,882,520
Ensembl chr 1:48,690,556...49,882,555 		JBrowse link
G Ptgs2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 decreases expression ISO Silybin results in decreased expression of PTGS2 protein CTD PMID:16788158 NCBI chr13:62,164,080...62,169,770
Ensembl chr13:62,163,932...62,172,188 		JBrowse link
G Rb1 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [[1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine co-treated with Dexamethasone co-treated with INS1 protein] results in increased phosphorylation of RB1 protein] CTD PMID:25559859 NCBI chr15:48,371,295...48,502,473
Ensembl chr15:48,371,296...48,502,302 		JBrowse link
G Slc16a1 solute carrier family 16 member 1 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [SLC16A1 protein results in increased uptake of Benzoic Acid] CTD PMID:17976262 NCBI chr 2:192,123,755...192,144,617
Ensembl chr 2:192,124,289...192,144,611 		JBrowse link
G Slc2a4 solute carrier family 2 member 4 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [INS1 protein affects the localization of SLC2A4 protein] CTD PMID:18591783 NCBI chr10:54,666,015...54,671,581
Ensembl chr10:54,666,015...54,671,565 		JBrowse link
G Srebf1 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 multiple interactions
decreases response to substance		 ISO fatostatin promotes the reaction [Silybin results in decreased cleavage of SREBF1 protein]; Silybin results in decreased cleavage of and results in increased phosphorylation of SREBF1 protein
SREBF1 protein results in decreased susceptibility to Silybin		 CTD PMID:25294820 NCBI chr10:45,007,637...45,029,650
Ensembl chr10:45,007,637...45,029,650 		JBrowse link
G Tfrc transferrin receptor multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [Acetaldehyde results in increased expression of TFRC protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Ethanol results in increased expression of TFRC protein] CTD PMID:35595033 NCBI chr11:68,163,413...68,185,257
Ensembl chr11:68,163,413...68,185,257 		JBrowse link
G Tgfb1 transforming growth factor, beta 1 multiple interactions EXP [Silybin co-treated with Phosphatidylcholines co-treated with Vitamin E] inhibits the reaction [Dimethylnitrosamine results in increased expression of TGFB1 mRNA] CTD PMID:16169303 NCBI chr 1:81,196,532...81,212,848
Ensembl chr 1:81,196,532...81,212,847 		JBrowse link
G Timp1 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 multiple interactions EXP [Silybin co-treated with Phosphatidylcholines co-treated with Vitamin E] inhibits the reaction [Dimethylnitrosamine results in increased expression of TIMP1 mRNA] CTD PMID:16169303 NCBI chr  X:1,212,969...1,217,714
Ensembl chr  X:1,212,972...1,217,664 		JBrowse link
G Tnf tumor necrosis factor multiple interactions EXP Silybin inhibits the reaction [[Isoniazid co-treated with Zidovudine] results in increased expression of TNF protein] CTD PMID:28619387 NCBI chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629
Ensembl chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629 		JBrowse link
G Tp53 tumor protein p53 multiple interactions
affects localization
increases phosphorylation
increases expression		 ISO Caffeine inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of TP53 protein]; pifithrin inhibits the reaction [Silybin results in increased phosphorylation of TP53 protein]; Silybin inhibits the reaction [Mitomycin results in increased expression of TP53]
Silybin affects the localization of TP53 protein
Silybin results in increased expression of TP53 protein		 CTD PMID:16777994 PMID:19834285 NCBI chr10:54,300,070...54,311,525
Ensembl chr10:54,300,048...54,311,524 		JBrowse link
G Ugt1a1 UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 decreases activity
multiple interactions		 EXP
ISO		 Silybin metabolite results in decreased activity of UGT1A1 protein
Silybin inhibits the reaction [UGT1A1 protein results in increased glucuronidation of 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin]		 CTD PMID:15155549 PMID:15921999 NCBI chr 9:88,801,344...88,808,465
Ensembl chr 9:88,713,184...88,808,465 		JBrowse link
G Ugt1a6 UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6 decreases activity
multiple interactions		 EXP
ISO		 Silybin metabolite results in decreased activity of UGT1A6 protein
Silybin inhibits the reaction [UGT1A6 protein results in increased glucuronidation of 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin]		 CTD PMID:15155549 PMID:15921999 NCBI chr 9:88,747,229...88,808,465
Ensembl chr 9:88,713,184...88,808,465 		JBrowse link
G Ugt1a9 UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [UGT1A9 protein results in increased glucuronidation of 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin] CTD PMID:15155549 NCBI chr 9:88,696,981...88,808,465
Ensembl chr 9:88,713,184...88,808,465 		JBrowse link
G Ugt2b7 UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7 multiple interactions ISO Silybin inhibits the reaction [UGT2B7 protein results in increased glucuronidation of 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin] CTD PMID:15155549 NCBI chr14:20,896,682...20,919,604
Ensembl chr14:20,896,682...20,919,604 		JBrowse link
G Vegfa vascular endothelial growth factor A multiple interactions
decreases expression		 ISO Silybin promotes the reaction [Lipids deficiency inhibits the reaction [Oxygen deficiency results in increased expression of VEGFA protein]]; Silybin promotes the reaction [Lipids deficiency results in decreased expression of VEGFA protein]
Silybin results in decreased expression of VEGFA protein
Silybin inhibits the reaction [Urethane results in increased secretion of VEGFA protein]		 CTD PMID:16788158 PMID:26087400 NCBI chr 9:14,955,300...14,970,641
Ensembl chr 9:14,955,300...14,970,641 		JBrowse link
G Vim vimentin multiple interactions ISO [Silybin co-treated with Arsenic] results in decreased expression of VIM CTD PMID:25868784 NCBI chr17:76,668,701...76,677,186
Ensembl chr17:76,668,647...76,677,187 		JBrowse link
Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19765
    role 19738
      chemical role 19377
        antioxidant 15681
          silibinin 108
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19765
    subatomic particle 19763
      composite particle 19763
        hadron 19763
          baryon 19763
            nucleon 19763
              atomic nucleus 19763
                atom 19763
                  main group element atom 19712
                    p-block element atom 19712
                      carbon group element atom 19658
                        carbon atom 19654
                          organic molecular entity 19654
                            organic group 18856
                              organic divalent group 18842
                                organodiyl group 18842
                                  carbonyl group 18807
                                    carbonyl compound 18807
                                      ketone 17109
                                        oxyketone 8800
                                          alpha-oxyketone 8800
                                            alpha-hydroxy ketone 8800
                                              secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone 996
                                                silibinin 108
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