Send us a Message



Submit Data |  Help |  Video Tutorials |  News |  Publications |  Download |  REST API |  Citing RGD |  Contact   

CHEBI ONTOLOGY - ANNOTATIONS

The Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology is downloaded weekly from EMBL-EBI at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/. The data is made available under the Creative Commons License (CC BY 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). For more information see: Degtyarenko et al. (2008) ChEBI: a database and ontology for chemical entities of biological interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D344–D350.

Term:1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide
go back to main search page
Accession:CHEBI:77431 term browser browse the term
Definition:A piperidinecarboxamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of N-butylpipecolic acid with the amino group of 2,6-dimethylaniline.
Synonyms:related_synonym: DL-Bupivacaine;   Formula=C18H28N2O;   InChI=1S/C18H28N2O/c1-4-5-12-20-13-7-6-11-16(20)18(21)19-17-14(2)9-8-10-15(17)3/h8-10,16H,4-7,11-13H2,1-3H3,(H,19,21);   InChIKey=LEBVLXFERQHONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N;   Marcaine;   SMILES=CCCCN1CCCCC1C(=O)Nc1c(C)cccc1C;   bupivacaina;   bupivacainum
 xref: CAS:38396-39-3;   KEGG:C07529;   KEGG:D07552
 cyclic_relationship: is_conjugate_base_of CHEBI:77457



show annotations for term's descendants           Sort by:
bupivacaine term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G Bax BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator increases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in increased expression of BAX protein
8-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-2-morpholin-4-yl-chromen-4-one promotes the reaction [[Glucose co-treated with Bupivacaine] results in increased expression of BAX protein]; [Glucose co-treated with Bupivacaine] results in increased expression of BAX protein; SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of BAX protein]; YTHDF1 protein promotes the reaction [SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of BAX protein]]
CTD PMID:31672611 PMID:38487884 NCBI chr 1:105,076,472...105,081,906
Ensembl chr 1:105,076,473...105,086,429
JBrowse link
G Bcl2 BCL2, apoptosis regulator decreases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein
8-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-2-morpholin-4-yl-chromen-4-one promotes the reaction [[Glucose co-treated with Bupivacaine] results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]; [Glucose co-treated with Bupivacaine] results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein; HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]; SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]; YTHDF1 protein promotes the reaction [SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]]
CTD PMID:31672611 PMID:34793778 PMID:38487884 NCBI chr13:23,204,464...23,366,900
Ensembl chr13:23,204,464...23,366,900
JBrowse link
G Bdnf brain-derived neurotrophic factor multiple interactions
decreases expression
ISO MIR497 mRNA affects the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BDNF mRNA]; MIR497 mRNA inhibits the reaction [SNHG12 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BDNF mRNA]]; NLRX1 protein affects the reaction [MIR497 mRNA affects the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BDNF mRNA]]; SNHG12 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BDNF mRNA] CTD PMID:35410500 NCBI chr 3:116,619,633...116,670,212
Ensembl chr 3:116,619,633...116,670,657
JBrowse link
G Casp3 caspase 3 decreases expression
increases activity
multiple interactions
increases cleavage
increases expression
ISO
EXP
Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of CASP3 protein
Bupivacaine results in increased activity of CASP3 protein
MCL1 protein promotes the reaction [notoginsenoside R1 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased cleavage of CASP3 protein]]; notoginsenoside R1 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased cleavage of CASP3 protein]; SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of CASP3 protein]; YTHDF1 protein promotes the reaction [SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of CASP3 protein]]
CTD PMID:16109997 PMID:20194319 PMID:38316350 PMID:38487884 NCBI chr16:52,395,539...52,413,794
Ensembl chr16:52,395,540...52,413,732
JBrowse link
G Casp9 caspase 9 decreases expression
increases cleavage
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of CASP9 protein
Bupivacaine results in increased cleavage of CASP9 protein
MCL1 protein promotes the reaction [notoginsenoside R1 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased cleavage of CASP9 protein]]; notoginsenoside R1 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased cleavage of CASP9 protein]
CTD PMID:20194319 PMID:38316350 Ensembl chr 5:159,391,188...159,409,648 JBrowse link
G Cs citrate synthase decreases activity EXP Bupivacaine results in decreased activity of CS protein CTD PMID:20645041 NCBI chr 7:1,348,389...1,374,624
Ensembl chr 7:1,342,942...1,375,938
JBrowse link
G Cyp3a9 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 9 multiple interactions EXP [Bupivacaine co-treated with Tetrodotoxin co-treated with Dexamethasone] results in decreased expression of CYP3A9 mRNA CTD PMID:22341215 NCBI chr12:21,919,955...21,960,160
Ensembl chr12:21,919,940...21,960,154
JBrowse link
G Dnm1l dynamin 1-like decreases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of DNM1L protein
HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of DNM1L protein]
CTD PMID:34793778 NCBI chr11:98,084,049...98,135,663
Ensembl chr11:98,085,397...98,137,420
JBrowse link
G Entpd4 ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 4 multiple interactions EXP [Bupivacaine co-treated with Tetrodotoxin co-treated with Dexamethasone] results in decreased expression of ENTPD4 mRNA CTD PMID:22341215 NCBI chr15:51,040,665...51,068,450
Ensembl chr15:51,040,673...51,068,441
JBrowse link
G H2ax H2A.X variant histone multiple interactions
increases expression
ISO Glucose promotes the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of H2AX protein] CTD PMID:31672611 NCBI chr 8:53,568,718...53,570,072
Ensembl chr 8:53,568,281...53,573,079
JBrowse link
G Hpgds hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase increases expression ISO Bupivacaine results in increased expression of HPGDS mRNA; Bupivacaine results in increased expression of HPGDS protein CTD PMID:19359520 NCBI chr 4:95,698,265...95,727,733
Ensembl chr 4:95,702,392...95,938,501
JBrowse link
G Hrh1 histamine receptor H 1 affects binding ISO HRH1 protein binds to Bupivacaine CTD PMID:32061592 NCBI chr 4:149,120,511...149,204,267
Ensembl chr 4:149,120,039...149,208,248
JBrowse link
G Hspa12a heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 12A decreases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of HSPA12A protein
HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]; HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of DNM1L protein]; HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of MFN1 protein]; HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of PINK1 protein]; HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of PPARGC1A protein]; HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of PRKN protein]; HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of SLC2A1 protein]; HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of SLC2A4 protein]; HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of TOMM20 protein]
CTD PMID:34793778 NCBI chr 1:267,921,780...268,083,171
Ensembl chr 1:267,921,782...268,082,794
JBrowse link
G Itgam integrin subunit alpha M increases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in increased expression of ITGAM mRNA
4-benzhydryloxy-1-(3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl-)-propyl)piperidine inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of ITGAM mRNA]
CTD PMID:19359520 NCBI chr 1:192,089,496...192,139,947
Ensembl chr 1:192,089,542...192,139,943
JBrowse link
G Kcne1 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 1 multiple interactions ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased activity of [KCNQ1 protein binds to KCNE1 protein]; KCNE1 protein inhibits the reaction [KCNQ1 protein mutant form results in increased susceptibility to Bupivacaine] CTD PMID:16931984 NCBI chr11:45,066,875...45,080,024
Ensembl chr11:45,064,162...45,081,247
JBrowse link
G Kcnk9 potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 9 multiple interactions ISO Bupivacaine inhibits the reaction [KCNK9 protein results in increased transport of Potassium] CTD PMID:11249964 NCBI chr 7:106,316,783...106,362,452
Ensembl chr 7:106,326,684...106,361,921
JBrowse link
G Kcnn2 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2 affects response to substance
decreases activity
ISO KCNN2 protein affects the susceptibility to Bupivacaine
Bupivacaine results in decreased activity of KCNN2 protein
CTD PMID:32909839 PMID:33887967 NCBI chr18:40,004,693...40,445,043
Ensembl chr18:40,155,939...40,445,045
JBrowse link
G Kcnq1 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 multiple interactions
decreases activity
increases response to substance
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased activity of [KCNQ1 protein binds to KCNE1 protein]; KCNE1 protein inhibits the reaction [KCNQ1 protein mutant form results in increased susceptibility to Bupivacaine]
Bupivacaine results in decreased activity of KCNQ1 protein
CTD PMID:16931984 NCBI chr 1:207,721,134...208,054,073
Ensembl chr 1:207,721,131...208,054,072
JBrowse link
G Ldha lactate dehydrogenase A increases secretion
multiple interactions
increases expression
ISO Bupivacaine results in increased secretion of LDHA protein
notoginsenoside R1 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased secretion of LDHA protein]; SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of LDHA protein]
CTD PMID:38316350 PMID:38487884 NCBI chr 1:106,508,092...106,517,512
Ensembl chr 1:106,502,182...106,517,521
JBrowse link
G Mapk1 mitogen activated protein kinase 1 increases phosphorylation
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK1 protein
Glucose promotes the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK1 protein]
CTD PMID:34060177 NCBI chr11:97,462,025...97,529,193
Ensembl chr11:97,462,025...97,527,825
JBrowse link
G Mapk3 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 increases phosphorylation
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK3 protein
Glucose promotes the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased phosphorylation of MAPK3 protein]
CTD PMID:34060177 NCBI chr 1:190,797,189...190,803,411
Ensembl chr 1:190,797,185...190,803,411
JBrowse link
G Mcl1 MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member decreases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of MCL1 protein
MCL1 protein promotes the reaction [notoginsenoside R1 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased cleavage of CASP3 protein]]; MCL1 protein promotes the reaction [notoginsenoside R1 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased cleavage of CASP9 protein]]
CTD PMID:38316350 NCBI chr 2:185,884,840...185,912,532
Ensembl chr 2:185,908,168...185,938,782
JBrowse link
G Mfn1 mitofusin 1 decreases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of MFN1 protein
HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of MFN1 protein]
CTD PMID:34793778 NCBI chr 2:117,240,525...117,288,017
Ensembl chr 2:117,241,759...117,290,190
JBrowse link
G Mir497 microRNA 497 multiple interactions
increases expression
ISO MIR497 mRNA affects the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BDNF mRNA]; MIR497 mRNA inhibits the reaction [SNHG12 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BDNF mRNA]]; MIR497 mRNA promotes the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of NLRX1 mRNA]; NLRX1 protein affects the reaction [MIR497 mRNA affects the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BDNF mRNA]]; SNHG12 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of MIR497 mRNA] CTD PMID:35410500 NCBI chr10:55,450,171...55,450,239
Ensembl chr10:55,450,162...55,450,241
JBrowse link
G Myf5 myogenic factor 5 decreases expression EXP Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of MYF5 protein CTD PMID:10434046 NCBI chr 7:44,689,407...44,692,638
Ensembl chr 7:44,689,407...44,692,638
JBrowse link
G Myod1 myogenic differentiation 1 decreases expression EXP Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of MYOD1 protein CTD PMID:10434046 NCBI chr 1:106,021,161...106,023,871
Ensembl chr 1:106,021,161...106,023,871
JBrowse link
G Myog myogenin decreases expression EXP Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of MYOG protein CTD PMID:10434046 NCBI chr13:48,297,476...48,300,065
Ensembl chr13:48,297,235...48,300,065
JBrowse link
G Nlrx1 NLR family member X1 multiple interactions
decreases expression
ISO MIR497 mRNA promotes the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of NLRX1 mRNA]; NLRX1 protein affects the reaction [MIR497 mRNA affects the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BDNF mRNA]]; SNHG12 inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of NLRX1 mRNA] CTD PMID:35410500 NCBI chr 8:53,486,866...53,503,498
Ensembl chr 8:53,486,867...53,503,523
JBrowse link
G Pink1 PTEN induced kinase 1 decreases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of PINK1 protein
HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of PINK1 protein]
CTD PMID:34793778 NCBI chr 5:155,813,838...155,825,950
Ensembl chr 5:155,813,838...155,825,950
JBrowse link
G Ppargc1a PPARG coactivator 1 alpha increases expression
decreases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in increased expression of PPARGC1A mRNA
Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of PPARGC1A protein
HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of PPARGC1A protein]
CTD PMID:34793778 NCBI chr14:63,073,505...63,729,215
Ensembl chr14:63,273,189...63,729,213
JBrowse link
G Prkcb protein kinase C, beta multiple interactions EXP [Bupivacaine co-treated with Tetrodotoxin co-treated with Dexamethasone] results in decreased expression of PRKCB mRNA CTD PMID:22341215 NCBI chr 1:186,263,397...186,594,743
Ensembl chr 1:186,263,447...186,594,740
JBrowse link
G Prkn parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase decreases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of PRKN protein
HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of PRKN protein]
CTD PMID:34793778 NCBI chr 1:51,236,410...52,430,242
Ensembl chr 1:51,210,330...52,430,304
JBrowse link
G Ptgdr prostaglandin D2 receptor affects expression ISO Bupivacaine affects the expression of PTGDR mRNA CTD PMID:19359520 NCBI chr15:19,790,499...19,797,873
Ensembl chr15:19,790,499...19,797,873
JBrowse link
G Ptgs1 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 increases expression ISO Bupivacaine results in increased expression of PTGS1 mRNA CTD PMID:18165598 NCBI chr 3:39,981,419...40,002,993
Ensembl chr 3:39,981,415...40,002,990
JBrowse link
G Ptgs2 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 increases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in increased expression of PTGS2 mRNA
[Bupivacaine results in increased expression of PTGS2] which results in increased abundance of Dinoprostone
CTD PMID:18165598 NCBI chr13:64,714,063...64,722,320
Ensembl chr13:64,713,619...64,722,320
JBrowse link
G Slc25a29 solute carrier family 25 member 29 multiple interactions
decreases activity
EXP Emulsions inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased activity of SLC25A29 protein] CTD PMID:35135371 NCBI chr 6:133,506,403...133,517,322
Ensembl chr 6:133,506,331...133,517,827
JBrowse link
G Slc2a1 solute carrier family 2 member 1 decreases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of SLC2A1 protein
HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of SLC2A1 protein]
CTD PMID:34793778 NCBI chr 5:138,002,522...138,030,742
Ensembl chr 5:138,002,522...138,030,742
JBrowse link
G Slc2a4 solute carrier family 2 member 4 multiple interactions
decreases expression
ISO HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of SLC2A4 protein] CTD PMID:34793778 NCBI chr10:55,164,721...55,170,289
Ensembl chr10:55,164,721...55,170,270
JBrowse link
G Slc6a2 solute carrier family 6 member 2 multiple interactions ISO Bupivacaine inhibits the reaction [[Desipramine results in decreased activity of SLC6A2 protein] which results in decreased abundance of Norepinephrine] CTD PMID:16725121 NCBI chr19:30,183,289...30,228,292
Ensembl chr19:30,183,383...30,223,348
JBrowse link
G Sphk2 sphingosine kinase 2 decreases expression
decreases methylation
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of SPHK2 mRNA; Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of SPHK2 protein
Bupivacaine results in decreased methylation of SPHK2 mRNA
SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]; SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of BAX protein]; SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of CASP3 protein]; SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of LDHA protein]; YTHDF1 protein promotes the reaction [SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]]; YTHDF1 protein promotes the reaction [SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of BAX protein]]; YTHDF1 protein promotes the reaction [SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of CASP3 protein]]
CTD PMID:38487884 NCBI chr 1:105,317,332...105,324,985
Ensembl chr 1:105,317,333...105,321,637
JBrowse link
G Tomm20 translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 decreases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of TOMM20 protein
HSPA12A protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of TOMM20 protein]
CTD PMID:34793778 NCBI chr19:71,822,429...71,832,420
Ensembl chr19:71,822,411...71,832,510
JBrowse link
G Trpv1 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 increases activity
multiple interactions
EXP Bupivacaine results in increased activity of TRPV1 protein
Bupivacaine affects the reaction [Capsaicin results in increased activity of TRPV1 protein]
CTD PMID:15854744 PMID:18172555 NCBI chr10:58,349,936...58,375,021
Ensembl chr10:58,340,223...58,375,021
JBrowse link
G Xrcc6 X-ray repair cross complementing 6 increases expression
multiple interactions
ISO Bupivacaine results in increased expression of XRCC6 protein
8-dibenzothiophen-4-yl-2-morpholin-4-yl-chromen-4-one inhibits the reaction [[Glucose co-treated with Bupivacaine] results in increased expression of XRCC6 protein]; [Glucose co-treated with Bupivacaine] results in increased expression of XRCC6 protein; Glucose inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of XRCC6 protein]
CTD PMID:31672611 NCBI chr 7:115,423,026...115,443,884
Ensembl chr 7:115,422,662...115,443,884
JBrowse link
G Ythdf1 YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein F1 multiple interactions
decreases expression
ISO YTHDF1 protein promotes the reaction [SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]]; YTHDF1 protein promotes the reaction [SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of BAX protein]]; YTHDF1 protein promotes the reaction [SPHK2 protein inhibits the reaction [Bupivacaine results in increased expression of CASP3 protein]]
Bupivacaine results in decreased expression of YTHDF1 protein
CTD PMID:38487884 NCBI chr 3:188,402,228...188,417,740
Ensembl chr 3:188,402,231...188,417,740
JBrowse link
levobupivacaine term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G Slc25a29 solute carrier family 25 member 29 multiple interactions
decreases activity
EXP Emulsions inhibits the reaction [Levobupivacaine results in decreased activity of SLC25A29 protein] CTD PMID:35135371 NCBI chr 6:133,506,403...133,517,322
Ensembl chr 6:133,506,331...133,517,827
JBrowse link

Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 20849
    role 20820
      application 20622
        NMR chemical shift reference compound 18455
          ammonia 18263
            organic amino compound 18263
              tertiary amino compound 11016
                1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide 44
                  dextrobupivacaine + 44
                  levobupivacaine + 44
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 20849
    subatomic particle 20847
      composite particle 20860
        hadron 20847
          baryon 20860
            nucleon 20847
              atomic nucleus 20847
                atom 20860
                  main group element atom 20781
                    p-block element atom 20768
                      carbon group element atom 20715
                        carbon atom 20710
                          organic molecular entity 20710
                            heteroorganic entity 20207
                              organochalcogen compound 19905
                                organooxygen compound 19807
                                  carbon oxoacid 19157
                                    carboxylic acid 19154
                                      carboacyl group 18089
                                        univalent carboacyl group 18071
                                          carbamoyl group 17906
                                            carboxamide 17925
                                              monocarboxylic acid amide 15956
                                                piperidinecarboxamide 85
                                                  1-butyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)piperidine-2-carboxamide 44
                                                    dextrobupivacaine + 44
                                                    levobupivacaine + 44
paths to the root