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CHEBI ONTOLOGY - ANNOTATIONS

The Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology is downloaded weekly from EMBL-EBI at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/. The data is made available under the Creative Commons License (CC BY 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). For more information see: Degtyarenko et al. (2008) ChEBI: a database and ontology for chemical entities of biological interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D344–D350.
Term:amlodipine
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Accession:CHEBI:2668 term browser browse the term
Definition:A fully substituted dialkyl 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivative, which is used for the treatment of hypertension, chronic stable angina and confirmed or suspected vasospastic angina.
Synonyms:exact_synonym: 3-ethyl 5-methyl 2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
 related_synonym: 3-Ethyl-5-methyl (+-)-2-(2-aminoethoxymethyl)-4-(o-chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate;   Amlodipine Free Base;   Formula=C20H25ClN2O5;   InChI=1S/C20H25ClN2O5/c1-4-28-20(25)18-15(11-27-10-9-22)23-12(2)16(19(24)26-3)17(18)13-7-5-6-8-14(13)21/h5-8,17,23H,4,9-11,22H2,1-3H3;   InChIKey=HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N;   SMILES=CCOC(=O)C1=C(COCCN)NC(C)=C(C1c1ccccc1Cl)C(=O)OC;   amlodipino;   amlodipinum
 xref: Beilstein:3570229;   CAS:88150-42-9;   DrugBank:DB00381;   Drug_Central:183;   KEGG:C06825;   KEGG:D07450;   LINCS:LSM-1388
 xref_mesh: MESH:D017311
 xref: PMID:1532771;   PMID:16422032;   PMID:1834846;   PMID:19450066;   PMID:21591999;   PMID:7522286;   PMID:8310972;   PMID:8310973;   PMID:9156957;   Patent:EP89167;   Patent:US4572909;   Reaxys:3570229;   VSDB:2963;   Wikipedia:Amlodipine


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amlodipine term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G Ace angiotensin I converting enzyme decreases expression EXP Amlodipine results in decreased expression of ACE mRNA CTD PMID:16392774 NCBI chr10:90,910,316...90,930,437
Ensembl chr10:90,910,316...90,931,131 		JBrowse link
G Adipoq adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing increases expression ISO Amlodipine results in increased expression of ADIPOQ; Amlodipine results in increased expression of ADIPOQ protein CTD PMID:18199500 PMID:19059660 NCBI chr11:77,721,912...77,735,644
Ensembl chr11:77,721,912...77,735,564 		JBrowse link
G Agt angiotensinogen multiple interactions ISO Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in decreased expression of BCL2 mRNA]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in increased expression of BAX mRNA]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in increased expression of BAX protein]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in increased expression of OLR1 mRNA]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in increased expression of OLR1 protein] CTD PMID:21376258 NCBI chr19:52,529,139...52,549,618
Ensembl chr19:52,529,185...52,540,977 		JBrowse link
G Agtr1a angiotensin II receptor, type 1a decreases expression EXP Amlodipine results in decreased expression of AGTR1A mRNA CTD PMID:18403896 NCBI chr17:34,173,446...34,226,892
Ensembl chr17:34,174,429...34,226,946 		JBrowse link
G Agtr2 angiotensin II receptor, type 2 decreases expression EXP Amlodipine results in decreased expression of AGTR2 mRNA CTD PMID:18403896 NCBI chr  X:112,119,673...112,124,060
Ensembl chr  X:112,120,228...112,124,057 		JBrowse link
G Bax BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator multiple interactions ISO
EXP		 Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in increased expression of BAX mRNA]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in increased expression of BAX protein]
Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Doxorubicin results in increased expression of BAX protein]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Gentamicins results in increased expression of BAX protein]		 CTD PMID:17234320 PMID:19698708 PMID:21376258 NCBI chr 1:95,940,001...95,945,407
Ensembl chr 1:95,938,808...95,945,368 		JBrowse link
G Bcl2 BCL2, apoptosis regulator multiple interactions ISO
EXP		 Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in decreased expression of BCL2 mRNA]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]
Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Doxorubicin results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Gentamicins results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein]		 CTD PMID:17234320 PMID:19698708 PMID:21376258 NCBI chr13:22,689,783...22,853,920
Ensembl chr13:22,684,989...22,853,743
Ensembl chr13:22,684,989...22,853,743 		JBrowse link
G Bdkrb2 bradykinin receptor B2 increases response to substance ISO BDKRB2 results in increased susceptibility to Amlodipine CTD PMID:10523327 NCBI chr 6:124,472,317...124,502,497
Ensembl chr 6:124,472,566...124,502,497 		JBrowse link
G Casp3 caspase 3 multiple interactions
decreases cleavage		 ISO
EXP		 [Amlodipine co-treated with Topotecan] results in increased activity of CASP3 protein
Amlodipine results in decreased cleavage of CASP3 protein		 CTD PMID:16516327 PMID:17563544 NCBI chr16:45,662,910...45,681,171
Ensembl chr16:45,662,910...45,684,648 		JBrowse link
G Casp7 caspase 7 multiple interactions ISO [Amlodipine co-treated with Topotecan] results in increased activity of CASP7 protein CTD PMID:16516327 NCBI chr 1:255,437,195...255,476,737
Ensembl chr 1:255,437,172...255,476,729 		JBrowse link
G Casp8 caspase 8 multiple interactions ISO [Amlodipine co-treated with Topotecan] results in increased activity of CASP8 protein CTD PMID:16516327 NCBI chr 9:60,263,863...60,312,542
Ensembl chr 9:60,264,075...60,312,542 		JBrowse link
G Ccl2 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 decreases expression EXP Amlodipine results in decreased expression of CCL2 mRNA CTD PMID:16392774 NCBI chr10:67,005,424...67,007,222
Ensembl chr10:67,005,424...67,007,226 		JBrowse link
G Ccnd1 cyclin D1 multiple interactions ISO Amlodipine results in decreased activity of and results in decreased expression of CCND1 protein CTD PMID:17217918 NCBI chr 1:200,089,002...200,098,524
Ensembl chr 1:200,089,002...200,098,602 		JBrowse link
G Ccne1 cyclin E1 decreases activity ISO Amlodipine results in decreased activity of CCNE1 protein CTD PMID:17217918 NCBI chr 1:90,781,947...90,791,188
Ensembl chr 1:90,781,949...90,791,101 		JBrowse link
G Cdk2 cyclin dependent kinase 2 decreases activity ISO Amlodipine results in decreased activity of CDK2 protein CTD PMID:17217918 NCBI chr 7:1,129,878...1,137,431
Ensembl chr 7:1,129,811...1,137,403 		JBrowse link
G Cdk4 cyclin-dependent kinase 4 multiple interactions ISO Amlodipine results in decreased activity of and results in decreased expression of CDK4 protein CTD PMID:17217918 NCBI chr 7:62,885,647...62,889,562
Ensembl chr 7:62,883,105...62,942,403 		JBrowse link
G Cdkn1a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A increases expression ISO Amlodipine results in increased expression of CDKN1A protein CTD PMID:17217918 PMID:18298949 NCBI chr20:7,149,177...7,159,727
Ensembl chr20:7,149,217...7,159,585 		JBrowse link
G Col1a1 collagen type I alpha 1 chain decreases expression EXP Amlodipine results in decreased expression of COL1A1 mRNA CTD PMID:9449387 NCBI chr10:79,883,622...79,900,625
Ensembl chr10:79,883,622...79,900,624 		JBrowse link
G Col1a2 collagen type I alpha 2 chain multiple interactions EXP Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Nitric Oxide deficiency results in increased expression of COL1A2 mRNA] CTD PMID:10445667 NCBI chr 4:32,563,938...32,598,868
Ensembl chr 4:32,563,381...32,598,867 		JBrowse link
G Crp C-reactive protein multiple interactions ISO [Atorvastatin co-treated with Amlodipine] results in decreased expression of CRP protein CTD PMID:18389332 NCBI chr13:85,131,635...85,175,179
Ensembl chr13:85,124,977...85,175,178 		JBrowse link
G Ctsd cathepsin D multiple interactions EXP [Nicorandil co-treated with Amlodipine] inhibits the reaction [Isoproterenol results in decreased activity of CTSD protein]; [Nicorandil co-treated with Amlodipine] inhibits the reaction [Isoproterenol results in increased activity of CTSD protein] CTD PMID:11829124 PMID:14499179 NCBI chr 1:197,527,467...197,539,343
Ensembl chr 1:197,527,467...197,539,488 		JBrowse link
G Cyba cytochrome b-245 alpha chain multiple interactions EXP Amlodipine promotes the reaction [candesartan results in decreased expression of CYBA] CTD PMID:21107329 NCBI chr19:50,487,598...50,495,669
Ensembl chr19:50,487,597...50,495,721 		JBrowse link
G Cybb cytochrome b-245 beta chain multiple interactions EXP Amlodipine promotes the reaction [candesartan results in decreased expression of CYBB] CTD PMID:21107329 NCBI chr  X:13,360,583...13,392,517
Ensembl chr  X:13,359,430...13,392,586 		JBrowse link
G Cyp11a1 cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 decreases expression EXP Amlodipine results in decreased expression of CYP11A1 mRNA CTD PMID:11086231 NCBI chr 8:58,422,807...58,434,342
Ensembl chr 8:58,404,669...58,434,338 		JBrowse link
G Cyp19a1 cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 decreases activity ISO Amlodipine results in decreased activity of CYP19A1 protein CTD PMID:26141389 NCBI chr 8:54,553,165...54,580,758
Ensembl chr 8:54,553,165...54,580,758 		JBrowse link
G Cyp1a1 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 decreases activity ISO Amlodipine results in decreased activity of CYP1A1 protein CTD PMID:10805063 PMID:33814510 NCBI chr 8:58,096,021...58,102,130
Ensembl chr 8:58,096,077...58,102,125 		JBrowse link
G Cyp1b1 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 decreases activity ISO Amlodipine results in decreased activity of CYP1B1 protein CTD PMID:33814510 NCBI chr 6:15,342,312...15,350,886
Ensembl chr 6:15,342,344...15,350,917 		JBrowse link
G Cyp2b3 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 3 decreases activity ISO Amlodipine results in decreased activity of CYP2B6 protein CTD PMID:10805063 NCBI chr 1:81,652,762...81,732,153
Ensembl chr 1:81,652,787...81,732,143 		JBrowse link
G Cyp2j4 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 4 decreases activity ISO Amlodipine results in decreased activity of CYP2J2 protein CTD PMID:30965050 NCBI chr 5:111,179,981...111,207,490
Ensembl chr 5:111,178,703...111,244,794 		JBrowse link
G Cyp3a9 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 9 affects response to substance ISO CYP3A5 gene affects the susceptibility to Amlodipine CTD PMID:22149319 NCBI chr12:16,806,222...16,846,428
Ensembl chr12:16,806,207...16,846,422 		JBrowse link
G Drd1 dopamine receptor D1 multiple interactions ISO Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [SCH 23390 binds to DRD1 protein] CTD PMID:9533112 NCBI chr17:10,540,440...10,544,971
Ensembl chr17:10,540,558...10,545,002 		JBrowse link
G Drd2 dopamine receptor D2 multiple interactions ISO Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Raclopride binds to DRD2 protein] CTD PMID:9533112 NCBI chr 8:49,708,903...49,772,888
Ensembl chr 8:49,708,927...49,772,875 		JBrowse link
G Edn1 endothelin 1 affects expression ISO Amlodipine affects the expression of EDN1 protein CTD PMID:11369837 NCBI chr17:22,454,924...22,460,812
Ensembl chr17:22,454,420...22,460,885 		JBrowse link
G Gal galanin and GMAP prepropeptide multiple interactions EXP [Nicorandil co-treated with Amlodipine] inhibits the reaction [Isoproterenol results in decreased activity of GAL protein]; [Nicorandil co-treated with Amlodipine] inhibits the reaction [Isoproterenol results in increased activity of GAL protein] CTD PMID:11829124 PMID:14499179 NCBI chr 1:200,650,439...200,655,302
Ensembl chr 1:200,650,439...200,654,959 		JBrowse link
G Gpt glutamic--pyruvic transaminase multiple interactions EXP Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Acetaminophen results in increased activity of GPT protein] CTD PMID:29441826 NCBI chr 7:108,416,646...108,419,495
Ensembl chr 7:108,416,642...108,419,494 		JBrowse link
G Gsr glutathione-disulfide reductase decreases activity EXP Amlodipine results in decreased activity of GSR protein CTD PMID:17710547 NCBI chr16:58,482,209...58,525,256
Ensembl chr16:58,482,505...58,525,661 		JBrowse link
G Gusb glucuronidase, beta multiple interactions EXP [Nicorandil co-treated with Amlodipine] inhibits the reaction [Isoproterenol results in increased activity of GUSB protein] CTD PMID:11829124 PMID:14499179 NCBI chr12:26,701,191...26,714,718
Ensembl chr12:26,697,951...26,726,905 		JBrowse link
G Hspd1 heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1 multiple interactions EXP Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Fructose results in increased expression of HSPD1 protein] CTD PMID:18948349 NCBI chr 9:56,579,195...56,590,011
Ensembl chr 9:56,579,201...56,589,662 		JBrowse link
G Icam1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 multiple interactions
decreases expression		 EXP Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Diclofenac results in decreased expression of ICAM1 protein]
Amlodipine results in decreased expression of ICAM1 protein		 CTD PMID:18460984 NCBI chr 8:19,553,063...19,565,438
Ensembl chr 8:19,553,645...19,565,438 		JBrowse link
G Ins2 insulin 2 decreases expression ISO Amlodipine results in decreased expression of INS protein CTD PMID:19651449 NCBI chr 1:197,843,277...197,992,522
Ensembl chr 1:197,843,281...197,864,775 		JBrowse link
G Jak2 Janus kinase 2 increases expression ISO Amlodipine results in increased expression of JAK2 protein modified form CTD PMID:18298949 NCBI chr 1:226,995,334...227,054,381
Ensembl chr 1:226,995,334...227,054,189 		JBrowse link
G Lep leptin decreases expression ISO Amlodipine results in decreased expression of LEP; Amlodipine results in decreased expression of LEP protein CTD PMID:18199500 PMID:19059660 NCBI chr 4:57,661,127...57,675,262
Ensembl chr 4:57,661,131...57,675,262 		JBrowse link
G Mfn2 mitofusin 2 increases expression EXP Amlodipine results in increased expression of MFN2 mRNA; Amlodipine results in increased expression of MFN2 protein CTD PMID:25464244 NCBI chr 5:158,304,285...158,335,502
Ensembl chr 5:158,304,287...158,335,342 		JBrowse link
G Mt1 metallothionein 1 multiple interactions EXP Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Aldosterone results in increased expression of MT1A mRNA] CTD PMID:19333130 NCBI chr19:10,826,032...10,827,048
Ensembl chr19:10,826,032...10,827,049 		JBrowse link
G Mtf1 metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 multiple interactions EXP Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Aldosterone results in increased expression of MTF1 mRNA]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Aldosterone results in increased expression of MTF1 protein] CTD PMID:19333130 NCBI chr 5:137,062,319...137,107,136
Ensembl chr 5:137,062,376...137,107,136 		JBrowse link
G Myh7 myosin heavy chain 7 decreases expression EXP Amlodipine results in decreased expression of MYH7 mRNA CTD PMID:9449387 NCBI chr15:28,446,550...28,469,888
Ensembl chr15:28,446,550...28,468,217 		JBrowse link
G Nos3 nitric oxide synthase 3 increases expression EXP Amlodipine results in increased expression of NOS3 mRNA; Amlodipine results in increased expression of NOS3 protein CTD PMID:10445667 PMID:16392774 NCBI chr 4:10,793,834...10,814,170
Ensembl chr 4:10,793,834...10,814,166 		JBrowse link
G Nox1 NADPH oxidase 1 multiple interactions EXP Amlodipine promotes the reaction [candesartan results in decreased expression of NOX1] CTD PMID:21107329 NCBI chr  X:97,279,058...97,332,291
Ensembl chr  X:97,279,056...97,302,236 		JBrowse link
G Nox4 NADPH oxidase 4 multiple interactions
decreases expression		 EXP Amlodipine promotes the reaction [candesartan results in decreased expression of NOX4]
Amlodipine results in decreased expression of NOX4 mRNA		 CTD PMID:16392774 PMID:21107329 NCBI chr 1:140,900,886...141,078,844
Ensembl chr 1:140,901,097...141,077,406 		JBrowse link
G Nppa natriuretic peptide A decreases expression EXP Amlodipine results in decreased expression of NPPA mRNA CTD PMID:17563544 NCBI chr 5:158,429,042...158,430,351
Ensembl chr 5:158,429,042...158,430,351 		JBrowse link
G Olr1 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 multiple interactions ISO Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in increased expression of OLR1 mRNA]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [AGT results in increased expression of OLR1 protein] CTD PMID:21376258 NCBI chr 4:162,926,436...162,949,057
Ensembl chr 4:162,926,439...162,948,523 		JBrowse link
G Pgr progesterone receptor multiple interactions ISO Amlodipine binds to and results in increased activity of PGR protein CTD PMID:25752796 NCBI chr 8:6,073,216...6,131,552
Ensembl chr 8:6,072,673...6,131,344 		JBrowse link
G Ppbp pro-platelet basic protein decreases expression ISO Amlodipine results in decreased expression of PPBP protein CTD PMID:15513305 NCBI chr14:17,302,326...17,303,130
Ensembl chr14:17,302,326...17,303,130 		JBrowse link
G Rb1 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 decreases phosphorylation ISO Amlodipine results in decreased phosphorylation of RB1 protein CTD PMID:17217918 NCBI chr15:48,371,295...48,502,473
Ensembl chr15:48,371,296...48,502,302 		JBrowse link
G Ren renin multiple interactions ISO [Indomethacin co-treated with Amlodipine] results in decreased expression of REN protein CTD PMID:11078175 NCBI chr13:44,796,260...44,807,491
Ensembl chr13:44,796,091...44,807,489 		JBrowse link
G Retn resistin decreases expression ISO Amlodipine results in decreased expression of RETN protein CTD PMID:18199500 NCBI chr12:1,710,881...1,712,621
Ensembl chr12:1,710,881...1,712,620 		JBrowse link
G Selp selectin P decreases expression ISO Amlodipine results in decreased expression of SELP protein CTD PMID:15513305 NCBI chr13:76,476,229...76,511,846
Ensembl chr13:76,476,295...76,511,845 		JBrowse link
G Smad2 SMAD family member 2 multiple interactions ISO Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [[Doxorubicin co-treated with TGFB1 protein] results in increased phosphorylation of SMAD2 protein] CTD PMID:21337027 NCBI chr18:69,849,884...69,918,926
Ensembl chr18:69,850,377...69,912,323 		JBrowse link
G Smad4 SMAD family member 4 multiple interactions ISO Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [[Doxorubicin co-treated with TGFB1 protein] results in increased expression of SMAD4 mRNA]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [[Doxorubicin co-treated with TGFB1 protein] results in increased expression of SMAD4 protein] CTD PMID:21337027 NCBI chr18:67,243,742...67,274,438
Ensembl chr18:67,243,742...67,274,438 		JBrowse link
G Sod1 superoxide dismutase 1 multiple interactions EXP Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Aldosterone results in increased activity of SOD1 protein] CTD PMID:19333130 NCBI chr11:29,456,673...29,462,249
Ensembl chr11:29,456,558...29,462,249 		JBrowse link
G Tgfb1 transforming growth factor, beta 1 increases expression
multiple interactions
decreases response to substance		 ISO
EXP		 Amlodipine results in increased expression of TGFB1 protein
Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [[Doxorubicin co-treated with TGFB1 protein] results in increased expression of SMAD4 mRNA]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [[Doxorubicin co-treated with TGFB1 protein] results in increased expression of SMAD4 protein]; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [[Doxorubicin co-treated with TGFB1 protein] results in increased phosphorylation of SMAD2 protein]; Amlodipine results in decreased susceptibility to [TGFB1 protein co-treated with Doxorubicin]
Amlodipine results in decreased susceptibility to TGFB1 protein
Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Acetaminophen results in increased expression of TGFB1 mRNA]		 CTD PMID:12937228 PMID:21337027 PMID:29441826 NCBI chr 1:81,196,532...81,212,848
Ensembl chr 1:81,196,532...81,212,847 		JBrowse link
G Thrb thyroid hormone receptor beta multiple interactions ISO Amlodipine binds to and results in increased activity of THRB protein CTD PMID:25752796 NCBI chr15:7,685,180...8,031,920
Ensembl chr15:7,685,180...7,882,916 		JBrowse link
G Tnf tumor necrosis factor multiple interactions
decreases expression		 EXP [benazepril co-treated with Amlodipine] results in decreased expression of TNF protein; Amlodipine inhibits the reaction [Acetaminophen results in increased expression of TNF mRNA]
Amlodipine results in decreased expression of TNF protein		 CTD PMID:16775501 PMID:29441826 NCBI chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629
Ensembl chr20:3,622,011...3,624,629 		JBrowse link
G Vcam1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 decreases expression EXP Amlodipine results in decreased expression of VCAM1 mRNA CTD PMID:16392774 NCBI chr 2:204,038,120...204,057,852
Ensembl chr 2:204,038,114...204,057,958 		JBrowse link
Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19740
    role 19713
      application 19546
        fuel 11289
          methanol 3917
            methyl ester 3883
              amlodipine 64
                (R)-amlodipine 0
                (S)-amlodipine 0
                amlodipine benzenesulfonate + 0
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19740
    subatomic particle 19738
      composite particle 19738
        hadron 19738
          baryon 19738
            nucleon 19738
              atomic nucleus 19738
                atom 19738
                  main group element atom 19686
                    p-block element atom 19686
                      chalcogen 19482
                        oxygen atom 19459
                          oxygen molecular entity 19459
                            hydroxides 19255
                              organic hydroxy compound 18867
                                alcohol 15178
                                  primary alcohol 14050
                                    ethanols 8287
                                      ethanol 8287
                                        ethyl ester 3336
                                          amlodipine 64
                                            (R)-amlodipine 0
                                            (S)-amlodipine 0
                                            amlodipine benzenesulfonate + 0
paths to the root