CHEBI ONTOLOGY - ANNOTATIONS
The Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology is downloaded weekly from EMBL-EBI at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/ . The data is made available under the Creative Commons License (CC BY 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ). For more information see: Degtyarenko et al. (2008) ChEBI: a database and ontology for chemical entities of biological interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D344–D350.
Term: spermine
Accession: CHEBI:15746
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Definition: A polyazaalkane that is tetradecane in which the carbons at positions 1, 5, 10 and 14 are replaced by nitrogens. Spermine has broad actions on cellular metabolism.
Synonyms: related_synonym: 4,9-diaza-1,12-dodecanediamine; 4,9-diazadodecane-1,12-diamine; Formula=C10H26N4; InChI=1S/C10H26N4/c11-5-3-9-13-7-1-2-8-14-10-4-6-12/h13-14H,1-12H2; InChIKey=PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N; N,N'-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine; N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine; SMILES=NCCCNCCCCNCCCN
alt_id: CHEBI:15098; CHEBI:26734; CHEBI:45583; CHEBI:9219
xref: Beilstein:1750791; CAS:71-44-3; DrugBank:DB00127; Gmelin:454653; HMDB:HMDB0001256; KEGG:C00750; KNApSAcK:C00001432
xref_mesh: MESH:D013096
xref: MetaCyc:SPERMINE; PDBeChem:SPM; PMID:10873205; PMID:10930630; PMID:11341774; PMID:11543598; PMID:11805860; PMID:15145762; PMID:15308338; PMID:15500473; PMID:15972654; PMID:16146631; PMID:16253230; PMID:16664713; PMID:19275753; PMID:19593412; PMID:19962967; PMID:22735334; PMID:23289636; PMID:23418509; PMID:23506248; PMID:23820617; PMID:23887925; PMID:7521253; PMID:7721849; PMID:8524182; PMID:8832899; PMID:9151701; Reaxys:1750791; Wikipedia:Spermine
cyclic_relationship: is_conjugate_base_of CHEBI:45725
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Actn2
actinin alpha 2
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of ACTN2 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr17:58,143,334...58,210,622
Ensembl chr17:58,142,625...58,210,622
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Actn3
actinin alpha 3
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of ACTN3 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 1:202,159,081...202,175,012
Ensembl chr 1:202,159,082...202,175,012
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Adrb1
adrenoceptor beta 1
affects binding
ISO
Spermine binds to ADRB1 protein
CTD
PMID:20885010
NCBI chr 1:255,772,217...255,773,617
Ensembl chr 1:255,771,597...255,807,259
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Adrb2
adrenoceptor beta 2
affects binding
ISO
Spermine binds to ADRB2 protein
CTD
PMID:20885010
NCBI chr18:55,642,459...55,644,501
Ensembl chr18:55,502,903...55,644,512
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Ankrd2
ankyrin repeat domain 2
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of ANKRD2 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 1:240,847,111...240,856,563
Ensembl chr 1:240,847,072...240,856,566
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Asic1
acid sensing ion channel subunit 1
decreases response to substance multiple interactions increases activity
ISO EXP
ASIC1 gene mutant form results in decreased susceptibility to Spermine Spider Venoms inhibits the reaction [Spermine results in increased activity of ASIC1 protein]
CTD
PMID:21307247
NCBI chr 7:130,798,317...130,828,535
Ensembl chr 7:130,799,917...130,828,541
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Atp2a1
ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of ATP2A1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 1:181,026,606...181,044,859
Ensembl chr 1:181,026,608...181,044,838
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Bcl2
BCL2, apoptosis regulator
increases expression decreases expression
EXP ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of BCL2 protein Spermine results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein
CTD
PMID:16151648 PMID:17606387
NCBI chr13:22,689,783...22,853,920
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Bves
blood vessel epicardial substance
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of BVES mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr20:48,819,241...48,860,282
Ensembl chr20:48,822,308...48,857,472
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Casp3
caspase 3
multiple interactions decreases expression
ISO EXP
Spermine inhibits the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased activity of CASP3 protein] Spermine results in decreased expression of CASP3 protein
CTD
PMID:11399061 PMID:17606387
NCBI chr16:45,662,910...45,681,171
Ensembl chr16:45,662,910...45,684,648
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Casp7
caspase 7
decreases activity
ISO
Spermine results in decreased activity of CASP7 protein
CTD
PMID:11281655
NCBI chr 1:255,437,195...255,476,737
Ensembl chr 1:255,437,172...255,476,729
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Casp8
caspase 8
multiple interactions
ISO
Spermine inhibits the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased activity of CASP8 protein]
CTD
PMID:11399061
NCBI chr 9:60,263,863...60,312,542
Ensembl chr 9:60,264,075...60,312,542
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Casp9
caspase 9
multiple interactions decreases expression
ISO EXP
Spermine inhibits the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased activity of CASP9 protein] Spermine results in decreased expression of CASP9 protein
CTD
PMID:11399061 PMID:17606387
NCBI chr 5:154,108,872...154,126,628
Ensembl chr 5:154,109,046...154,126,626
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Casr
calcium-sensing receptor
multiple interactions
EXP ISO
NPS R-467 promotes the reaction [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein]; Phenylephrine inhibits the reaction [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein]; Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein; Thapsigargin inhibits the reaction [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein] 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate inhibits the reaction [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein]; [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein] which results in increased uptake of Calcium; Lanthanum inhibits the reaction [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein]; Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein
CTD
PMID:11071898 PMID:17041782
NCBI chr11:64,235,251...64,304,811
Ensembl chr11:64,235,251...64,304,811
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Chrna1
cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 1 subunit
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of CHRNA1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 3:58,454,763...58,469,832
Ensembl chr 3:58,454,744...58,469,840
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Ckm
creatine kinase, M-type
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of CKM mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 1:79,061,390...79,071,721
Ensembl chr 1:79,061,456...79,071,720
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Cobl
cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of COBL mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr14:86,828,137...87,060,682
Ensembl chr14:86,828,139...87,060,800
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Col19a1
collagen type XIX alpha 1 chain
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of COL19A1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 9:26,673,916...27,022,139
Ensembl chr 9:26,675,391...27,022,106
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Diablo
diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein
affects localization
ISO
Spermine affects the localization of DIABLO protein
CTD
PMID:16151648
NCBI chr12:33,055,784...33,070,400
Ensembl chr12:33,055,263...33,070,387
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Dmd
dystrophin
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of DMD mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr X:47,272,324...49,504,219
Ensembl chr X:47,272,331...49,504,207
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Dmp1
dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of DMP1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr14:5,528,441...5,542,078
Ensembl chr14:5,528,431...5,539,323
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Fabp1
fatty acid binding protein 1
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of FABP1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 4:103,191,015...103,194,791
Ensembl chr 4:103,191,006...103,194,788
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Fis1
fission, mitochondrial 1
multiple interactions
EXP
Spermine inhibits the reaction [Oxygen deficiency results in increased expression of FIS1 protein]
CTD
PMID:25911325
NCBI chr12:19,708,558...19,723,392
Ensembl chr12:19,708,558...19,723,377
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Gja5
gap junction protein, alpha 5
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of GJA5 mRNA; Spermine results in increased expression of GJA5 protein
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 2:184,602,407...184,621,952
Ensembl chr 2:184,564,475...184,621,952
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Grin2b
glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B
multiple interactions
EXP
Spermine inhibits the reaction [4-(3-(4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-benzamide binds to and results in decreased activity of GRIN2B protein]; Spermine inhibits the reaction [ifenprodil binds to and results in decreased activity of GRIN2B protein]
CTD
PMID:9729614
NCBI chr 4:168,580,824...169,044,110
Ensembl chr 4:168,599,546...169,042,279
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Ibsp
integrin-binding sialoprotein
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of IBSP mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr14:5,439,825...5,452,570
Ensembl chr14:5,439,829...5,452,693
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Idh2
isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2
increases abundance multiple interactions
ISO
IDH2 protein mutant form results in increased abundance of Spermine Triazines inhibits the reaction [IDH2 protein mutant form results in increased abundance of Spermine]
CTD
PMID:27469509
NCBI chr 1:134,038,644...134,057,969
Ensembl chr 1:134,029,772...134,058,025
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Ky
kyphoscoliosis peptidase
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of KY mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 8:103,086,630...103,126,305
Ensembl chr 8:103,086,630...103,126,024
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Lmod2
leiomodin 2
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of LMOD2 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 4:53,067,428...53,075,124
Ensembl chr 4:53,067,428...53,075,120
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Map4
microtubule-associated protein 4
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MAP4 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 8:109,925,233...110,064,370
Ensembl chr 8:109,925,575...110,064,362
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Mapk8
mitogen-activated protein kinase 8
multiple interactions increases activity
ISO
Acetylcysteine inhibits the reaction [Spermine results in increased activity of MAPK8 protein]; Selenomethionine inhibits the reaction [Spermine results in increased activity of MAPK8 protein]
CTD
PMID:20121705
NCBI chr16:8,638,897...8,721,960
Ensembl chr16:8,638,924...8,721,981
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Mef2c
myocyte enhancer factor 2C
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MEF2C mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 2:13,973,299...14,136,065
Ensembl chr 2:13,993,438...14,132,880
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Mpo
myeloperoxidase
multiple interactions
ISO
[Spermine binds to TEMPO] inhibits the reaction [MPO protein results in increased chemical synthesis of Hypochlorous Acid]; [Spermine binds to TEMPO] inhibits the reaction [MPO protein results in increased degradation of Hydrogen Peroxide]; [Spermine binds to TEMPO] inhibits the reaction [MPO protein results in increased oxidation of Nitric Oxide]; Heparin inhibits the reaction [[Spermine binds to TEMPO] inhibits the reaction [MPO protein results in increased chemical synthesis of Hypochlorous Acid]]
CTD
PMID:34085520
NCBI chr10:72,594,458...72,608,862
Ensembl chr10:72,594,661...72,604,819
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Mybph
myosin binding protein H
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MYBPH mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr13:45,653,156...45,660,893
Ensembl chr13:45,653,234...45,660,893
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Myf5
myogenic factor 5
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MYF5 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 7:42,802,946...42,806,177
Ensembl chr 7:42,802,946...42,806,177
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Myf6
myogenic factor 6
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MYF6 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 7:42,813,008...42,814,852
Ensembl chr 7:42,812,792...42,814,852
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Myh1
myosin heavy chain 1
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MYH1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr10:51,885,913...51,909,699
Ensembl chr10:51,885,913...51,946,295
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Myh3
myosin heavy chain 3
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MYH3 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr10:51,770,177...51,793,994
Ensembl chr10:51,770,177...51,793,992
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Myh8
myosin heavy chain 8
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MYH8 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr10:51,963,510...51,993,103
Ensembl chr10:51,963,510...51,993,232
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Myl1
myosin, light chain 1
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MYL1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 9:68,437,514...68,458,256
Ensembl chr 9:68,437,517...68,458,261
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Mylpf
myosin light chain, phosphorylatable, fast skeletal muscle
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MYL11 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 1:181,829,703...181,832,546
Ensembl chr 1:181,829,743...181,832,545
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Myod1
myogenic differentiation 1
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MYOD1 mRNA; Spermine results in increased expression of MYOD1 protein
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 1:96,884,864...96,887,574
Ensembl chr 1:96,884,948...96,887,554
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Myog
myogenin
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MYOG mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr13:45,745,455...45,748,044
Ensembl chr13:45,745,436...45,748,039
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Myom2
myomesin 2
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of MYOM2 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr16:74,520,148...74,592,658
Ensembl chr16:74,520,157...74,592,772
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Neb
nebulin
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of NEB mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 3:36,613,677...36,811,618
Ensembl chr 3:36,613,716...36,811,574
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Nfe2l2
NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2
affects localization
ISO
Spermine affects the localization of NFE2L2 protein
CTD
PMID:12763045
NCBI chr 3:60,594,239...60,621,785
Ensembl chr 3:60,594,242...60,621,737
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Nos2
nitric oxide synthase 2
multiple interactions increases activity
ISO
Selenomethionine inhibits the reaction [Spermine results in increased activity of NOS2 protein]
CTD
PMID:20121705
NCBI chr10:63,815,308...63,851,208
Ensembl chr10:63,815,308...63,851,210
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Nppa
natriuretic peptide A
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of NPPA protein
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 5:158,429,042...158,430,351
Ensembl chr 5:158,429,042...158,430,351
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Nqo1
NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1
multiple interactions increases activity
ISO
pimagedine inhibits the reaction [Spermine results in increased activity of NQO1 protein]
CTD
PMID:12763045
NCBI chr19:35,295,633...35,310,528
Ensembl chr19:35,295,573...35,310,557
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Odc1
ornithine decarboxylase 1
increases abundance multiple interactions
ISO EXP
ODC1 protein results in increased abundance of Spermine [[Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors results in decreased activity of ODC1 protein] which results in decreased chemical synthesis of Polyamines] which results in decreased abundance of Spermine; [ODC1 protein results in increased chemical synthesis of Polyamines] which results in increased abundance of Spermine; [Pentanoic Acids results in decreased activity of ODC1 protein] which results in decreased abundance of Spermine
CTD
PMID:20805360 PMID:22555848
NCBI chr 6:40,329,831...40,336,444
Ensembl chr 6:40,329,964...40,336,440
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Ryr1
ryanodine receptor 1
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of RYR1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 1:84,292,578...84,423,799
Ensembl chr 1:84,292,578...84,423,812
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Scn8a
sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of SCN8A mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 7:131,982,152...132,156,075
Ensembl chr 7:131,982,480...132,151,292
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Smox
spermine oxidase
multiple interactions increases oxidation
ISO
[SMOX protein results in increased oxidation of Spermine] which results in increased abundance of Spermidine
CTD
PMID:23707493
NCBI chr 3:118,731,814...118,767,242
Ensembl chr 3:118,731,900...118,765,710
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Smyd1
SET and MYND domain containing 1
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of SMYD1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 4:103,195,330...103,252,989
Ensembl chr 4:103,200,322...103,311,766
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Tnnc2
troponin C2, fast skeletal type
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of TNNC2 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 3:153,513,272...153,516,033
Ensembl chr 3:153,513,271...153,516,029
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Tnni1
troponin I1, slow skeletal type
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of TNNI1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr13:47,229,217...47,241,640
Ensembl chr13:47,229,216...47,241,644
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Tnni2
troponin I2, fast skeletal type
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of TNNI2 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 1:197,595,012...197,597,554
Ensembl chr 1:197,594,813...197,597,560
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Tnnt1
troponin T1, slow skeletal type
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of TNNT1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 1:69,306,362...69,316,721
Ensembl chr 1:69,306,362...69,316,721
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Tnnt3
troponin T3, fast skeletal type
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of TNNT3 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 1:197,652,535...197,669,736
Ensembl chr 1:197,652,431...197,669,535
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Tpm2
tropomyosin 2
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of TPM2 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 5:57,770,919...57,780,278
Ensembl chr 5:57,770,864...57,779,992
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Trdn
triadin
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of TRDN mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 1:23,955,651...24,410,494
Ensembl chr 1:23,955,651...24,410,595
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Ttn
titin
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of TTN mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 3:61,652,432...61,924,912
Ensembl chr 3:61,652,439...61,924,741
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Unc5c
unc-5 netrin receptor C
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of UNC5C mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 2:230,180,353...230,535,219
Ensembl chr 2:230,180,951...230,535,217
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Vgll2
vestigial-like family member 2
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of VGLL2 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr20:31,409,529...31,415,408
Ensembl chr20:31,409,552...31,415,408
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Xirp1
xin actin-binding repeat containing 1
increases expression
ISO
Spermine results in increased expression of XIRP1 mRNA
CTD
PMID:18673383
NCBI chr 8:119,744,778...119,757,547
Ensembl chr 8:119,747,419...119,757,349
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Sat1
spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 1
multiple interactions increases expression
ISO
[N(1), N(12)-diethylspermine co-treated with Fluorouracil] results in increased activity of SAT1 protein; [N(1), N(12)-diethylspermine co-treated with stallimycin] results in increased activity of SAT1 protein; stallimycin promotes the reaction [N(1), N(12)-diethylspermine results in increased expression of SAT1 protein]
CTD
PMID:21814787
NCBI chr X:40,158,354...40,161,641
Ensembl chr X:40,157,046...40,196,813
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