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CHEBI ONTOLOGY - ANNOTATIONS

The Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology is downloaded weekly from EMBL-EBI at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/. The data is made available under the Creative Commons License (CC BY 3.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). For more information see: Degtyarenko et al. (2008) ChEBI: a database and ontology for chemical entities of biological interest. Nucleic Acids Res. 36, D344–D350.
Term:spermine
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Accession:CHEBI:15746 term browser browse the term
Definition:A polyazaalkane that is tetradecane in which the carbons at positions 1, 5, 10 and 14 are replaced by nitrogens. Spermine has broad actions on cellular metabolism.
Synonyms:related_synonym: 4,9-diaza-1,12-dodecanediamine;   4,9-diazadodecane-1,12-diamine;   Formula=C10H26N4;   InChI=1S/C10H26N4/c11-5-3-9-13-7-1-2-8-14-10-4-6-12/h13-14H,1-12H2;   InChIKey=PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N;   N,N'-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine;   N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine;   SMILES=NCCCNCCCCNCCCN
 alt_id: CHEBI:15098;   CHEBI:26734;   CHEBI:45583;   CHEBI:9219
 xref: Beilstein:1750791;   CAS:71-44-3;   DrugBank:DB00127;   Gmelin:454653;   HMDB:HMDB0001256;   KEGG:C00750;   KNApSAcK:C00001432
 xref_mesh: MESH:D013096
 xref: MetaCyc:SPERMINE;   PDBeChem:SPM;   PMID:10873205;   PMID:10930630;   PMID:11341774;   PMID:11543598;   PMID:11805860;   PMID:15145762;   PMID:15308338;   PMID:15500473;   PMID:15972654;   PMID:16146631;   PMID:16253230;   PMID:16664713;   PMID:19275753;   PMID:19593412;   PMID:19962967;   PMID:22735334;   PMID:23289636;   PMID:23418509;   PMID:23506248;   PMID:23820617;   PMID:23887925;   PMID:7521253;   PMID:7721849;   PMID:8524182;   PMID:8832899;   PMID:9151701;   Reaxys:1750791;   Wikipedia:Spermine
 cyclic_relationship: is_conjugate_base_of CHEBI:45725

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spermine term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G Actn2 actinin alpha 2 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of ACTN2 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr17:66,304,530...66,397,647
Ensembl chr17:66,304,501...66,397,653 		JBrowse link
G Actn3 actinin alpha 3 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of ACTN3 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 1:220,120,532...220,136,460
Ensembl chr 1:220,120,533...220,136,470 		JBrowse link
G Adrb1 adrenoceptor beta 1 affects binding ISO Spermine binds to ADRB1 protein CTD PMID:20885010 NCBI chr 1:277,537,585...277,538,985
Ensembl chr 1:277,537,585...277,538,985 		JBrowse link
G Adrb2 adrenoceptor beta 2 affects binding ISO Spermine binds to ADRB2 protein CTD PMID:20885010 NCBI chr18:57,513,792...57,515,834
Ensembl chr18:57,513,793...57,515,834 		JBrowse link
G Ankrd2 ankyrin repeat domain 2 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of ANKRD2 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 1:261,281,859...261,291,307
Ensembl chr 1:261,281,543...261,291,394 		JBrowse link
G Asic1 acid sensing ion channel subunit 1 decreases response to substance
multiple interactions
increases activity		 ISO
EXP		 ASIC1 gene mutant form results in decreased susceptibility to Spermine
Spider Venoms inhibits the reaction [Spermine results in increased activity of ASIC1 protein]		 CTD PMID:21307247 NCBI chr 7:141,324,714...141,354,937
Ensembl chr 7:141,326,321...141,354,937 		JBrowse link
G Atp2a1 ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of ATP2A1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 1:197,855,912...197,875,038 JBrowse link
G Bcl2 BCL2, apoptosis regulator increases expression
decreases expression		 EXP
ISO		 Spermine results in increased expression of BCL2 protein
Spermine results in decreased expression of BCL2 protein		 CTD PMID:16151648 PMID:17606387 NCBI chr13:26,605,426...26,769,374
Ensembl chr13:26,605,426...26,769,374 		JBrowse link
G Bves blood vessel epicardial substance increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of BVES mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr20:50,439,885...50,474,678
Ensembl chr20:50,439,883...50,474,678 		JBrowse link
G Casp3 caspase 3 multiple interactions
decreases expression		 ISO
EXP		 Spermine inhibits the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased activity of CASP3 protein]
Spermine results in decreased expression of CASP3 protein		 CTD PMID:11399061 PMID:17606387 NCBI chr16:48,845,011...48,863,249
Ensembl chr16:48,845,012...48,863,204 		JBrowse link
G Casp7 caspase 7 decreases activity ISO Spermine results in decreased activity of CASP7 protein CTD PMID:11281655 NCBI chr 1:277,190,557...277,242,779
Ensembl chr 1:277,190,964...277,242,774 		JBrowse link
G Casp8 caspase 8 multiple interactions ISO Spermine inhibits the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased activity of CASP8 protein] CTD PMID:11399061 NCBI chr 9:65,614,142...65,662,624
Ensembl chr 9:65,614,142...65,662,106 		JBrowse link
G Casp9 caspase 9 multiple interactions
decreases expression		 ISO
EXP		 Spermine inhibits the reaction [Dexamethasone results in increased activity of CASP9 protein]
Spermine results in decreased expression of CASP9 protein		 CTD PMID:11399061 PMID:17606387 NCBI chr 5:160,356,211...160,373,774
Ensembl chr 5:160,355,833...160,373,778 		JBrowse link
G Casr calcium-sensing receptor multiple interactions EXP
ISO		 NPS R-467 promotes the reaction [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein]; Phenylephrine inhibits the reaction [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein]; Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein; Thapsigargin inhibits the reaction [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein]
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate inhibits the reaction [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein]; [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein] which results in increased uptake of Calcium; Lanthanum inhibits the reaction [Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein]; Spermine binds to and results in increased activity of CASR protein		 CTD PMID:11071898 PMID:17041782 NCBI chr11:67,188,204...67,262,261
Ensembl chr11:67,188,630...67,258,771 		JBrowse link
G Chrna1 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 1 subunit increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of CHRNA1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 3:60,445,657...60,460,724
Ensembl chr 3:60,445,666...60,460,724 		JBrowse link
G Ckm creatine kinase, M-type increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of CKM mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 1:80,321,507...80,331,841
Ensembl chr 1:80,321,585...80,331,841 		JBrowse link
G Cobl cordon-bleu WH2 repeat protein increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of COBL mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr14:92,341,949...92,497,169
Ensembl chr14:92,342,957...92,577,936 		JBrowse link
G Col19a1 collagen type XIX alpha 1 chain increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of COL19A1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 9:30,508,003...30,864,836
Ensembl chr 9:30,515,089...30,844,199 		JBrowse link
G Diablo diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein affects localization ISO Spermine affects the localization of DIABLO protein CTD PMID:16151648 NCBI chr12:38,490,230...38,503,344
Ensembl chr12:38,490,230...38,503,330 		JBrowse link
G Dmd dystrophin increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of DMD mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr  X:51,149,358...53,519,271
Ensembl chr  X:51,286,737...53,519,259 		JBrowse link
G Dmp1 dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of DMP1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr14:6,889,851...6,923,961
Ensembl chr14:6,889,856...6,900,733 		JBrowse link
G Fabp1 fatty acid binding protein 1 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of FABP1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 4:99,063,181...99,066,957
Ensembl chr 4:99,063,181...99,066,954 		JBrowse link
G Fis1 fission, mitochondrial 1 multiple interactions EXP Spermine inhibits the reaction [Oxygen deficiency results in increased expression of FIS1 protein] CTD PMID:25911325 NCBI chr12:22,750,485...22,765,324
Ensembl chr12:22,750,485...22,765,308 		JBrowse link
G Gja5 gap junction protein, alpha 5 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of GJA5 mRNA; Spermine results in increased expression of GJA5 protein CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 2:199,162,745...199,184,942
Ensembl chr 2:199,162,745...199,184,939 		JBrowse link
G Grin2b glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B multiple interactions EXP Spermine inhibits the reaction [4-(3-(4-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyridin-1-yl)-2-hydroxy-propoxy)-benzamide binds to and results in decreased activity of GRIN2B protein]; Spermine inhibits the reaction [ifenprodil binds to and results in decreased activity of GRIN2B protein] CTD PMID:9729614 NCBI chr 4:169,541,620...170,000,216
Ensembl chr 4:169,560,387...169,999,873 		JBrowse link
G Ibsp integrin-binding sialoprotein increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of IBSP mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr14:6,801,200...6,813,987
Ensembl chr14:6,801,204...6,813,945 		JBrowse link
G Idh2 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 increases abundance
multiple interactions		 ISO IDH2 protein mutant form results in increased abundance of Spermine
Triazines inhibits the reaction [IDH2 protein mutant form results in increased abundance of Spermine]		 CTD PMID:27469509 NCBI chr 1:141,874,354...141,893,674
Ensembl chr 1:141,866,283...141,893,705 		JBrowse link
G Ky kyphoscoliosis peptidase increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of KY mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 8:110,982,777...111,022,666
Ensembl chr 8:110,982,777...111,022,385 		JBrowse link
G Lmod2 leiomodin 2 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of LMOD2 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 4:51,553,439...51,561,135
Ensembl chr 4:51,553,454...51,561,174 		JBrowse link
G Map4 microtubule-associated protein 4 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MAP4 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 8:118,013,584...118,159,934
Ensembl chr 8:118,013,612...118,159,933 		JBrowse link
G Mapk8 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 multiple interactions
increases activity		 ISO Acetylcysteine inhibits the reaction [Spermine results in increased activity of MAPK8 protein]; Selenomethionine inhibits the reaction [Spermine results in increased activity of MAPK8 protein] CTD PMID:20121705 NCBI chr16:9,620,854...9,709,342
Ensembl chr16:9,625,177...9,709,347 		JBrowse link
G Mef2c myocyte enhancer factor 2C increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MEF2C mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 2:11,658,534...11,822,788
Ensembl chr 2:11,658,568...11,822,787 		JBrowse link
G Mybph myosin binding protein H increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYBPH mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr13:51,034,228...51,041,903
Ensembl chr13:51,034,256...51,041,902 		JBrowse link
G Myf5 myogenic factor 5 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYF5 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 7:49,729,533...49,732,974
Ensembl chr 7:49,729,533...49,732,764 		JBrowse link
G Myf6 myogenic factor 6 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYF6 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 7:49,739,643...49,741,490
Ensembl chr 7:49,739,646...49,741,540 		JBrowse link
G Myh1 myosin heavy chain 1 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYH1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr10:53,740,841...53,764,610
Ensembl chr10:53,713,938...53,848,347 		JBrowse link
G Myh3 myosin heavy chain 3 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYH3 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr10:53,621,375...53,645,194
Ensembl chr10:53,621,375...53,645,194 		JBrowse link
G Myh4 myosin heavy chain 4 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYH4 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr10:53,778,456...53,801,605
Ensembl chr10:53,713,938...53,848,347 		JBrowse link
G Myh8 myosin heavy chain 8 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYH8 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr10:53,818,818...53,848,490
Ensembl chr10:53,818,818...53,918,524 		JBrowse link
G Myl1 myosin, light chain 1 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYL1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 9:73,937,820...73,958,480
Ensembl chr 9:73,937,823...73,958,480 		JBrowse link
G Mylpf myosin light chain, phosphorylatable, fast skeletal muscle increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYLPF mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 1:198,655,835...198,658,590
Ensembl chr 1:198,655,742...198,658,583 		JBrowse link
G Myod1 myogenic differentiation 1 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYOD1 mRNA; Spermine results in increased expression of MYOD1 protein CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 1:102,396,538...102,399,248
Ensembl chr 1:102,396,538...102,399,248 		JBrowse link
G Myog myogenin increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYOG mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr13:51,126,459...51,129,048
Ensembl chr13:51,126,459...51,129,048 		JBrowse link
G Myom2 myomesin 2 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of MYOM2 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr16:79,587,136...79,672,871
Ensembl chr16:79,587,640...79,671,719 		JBrowse link
G Neb nebulin increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of NEB mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 3:37,658,081...37,855,843
Ensembl chr 3:37,658,563...37,854,561 		JBrowse link
G Nfe2l2 nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 affects localization ISO Spermine affects the localization of NFE2L2 protein CTD PMID:12763045 NCBI chr 3:62,497,568...62,525,146
Ensembl chr 3:62,497,571...62,524,996 		JBrowse link
G Nos2 nitric oxide synthase 2 multiple interactions
increases activity		 ISO Selenomethionine inhibits the reaction [Spermine results in increased activity of NOS2 protein] CTD PMID:20121705 NCBI chr10:66,188,290...66,221,621
Ensembl chr10:66,189,786...66,313,190 		JBrowse link
G Nppa natriuretic peptide A increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of NPPA protein CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 5:164,808,407...164,809,716
Ensembl chr 5:164,808,323...164,809,705 		JBrowse link
G Nqo1 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 multiple interactions
increases activity		 ISO pimagedine inhibits the reaction [Spermine results in increased activity of NQO1 protein] CTD PMID:12763045 NCBI chr19:38,422,210...38,437,103
Ensembl chr19:38,422,164...38,437,180 		JBrowse link
G Odc1 ornithine decarboxylase 1 increases abundance
multiple interactions		 ISO
EXP		 ODC1 protein results in increased abundance of Spermine
[[Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors results in decreased activity of ODC1 protein] which results in decreased chemical synthesis of Polyamines] which results in decreased abundance of Spermine; [ODC1 protein results in increased chemical synthesis of Polyamines] which results in increased abundance of Spermine; [Pentanoic Acids results in decreased activity of ODC1 protein] which results in decreased abundance of Spermine		 CTD PMID:20805360 PMID:22555848 NCBI chr 6:42,852,529...42,859,142
Ensembl chr 6:42,852,683...42,859,927 		JBrowse link
G Ryr1 ryanodine receptor 1 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of RYR1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 1:87,959,596...88,066,252
Ensembl chr 1:87,959,712...88,066,101 		JBrowse link
G Scn8a sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of SCN8A mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 7:142,575,629...142,683,659
Ensembl chr 7:142,575,672...142,684,114 		JBrowse link
G Smox spermine oxidase multiple interactions
increases oxidation		 ISO [SMOX protein results in increased oxidation of Spermine] which results in increased abundance of Spermidine CTD PMID:23707493 NCBI chr 3:124,068,796...124,103,726
Ensembl chr 3:124,068,865...124,102,240 		JBrowse link
G Smyd1 SET and MYND domain containing 1 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of SMYD1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 4:99,071,122...99,125,143
Ensembl chr 4:99,074,535...99,125,111 		JBrowse link
G Tnnc2 troponin C2, fast skeletal type increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of TNNC2 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 3:161,243,607...161,246,335
Ensembl chr 3:161,243,587...161,246,351 		JBrowse link
G Tnni1 troponin I1, slow skeletal type increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of TNNI1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr13:52,624,856...52,637,297
Ensembl chr13:52,624,878...52,637,297 		JBrowse link
G Tnni2 troponin I2, fast skeletal type increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of TNNI2 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 1:215,609,110...215,611,652
Ensembl chr 1:215,609,036...215,611,658 		JBrowse link
G Tnnt1 troponin T1, slow skeletal type increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of TNNT1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 1:72,889,270...72,899,629
Ensembl chr 1:72,889,270...72,899,659 		JBrowse link
G Tnnt3 troponin T3, fast skeletal type increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of TNNT3 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 1:215,666,628...215,683,628
Ensembl chr 1:215,666,628...215,683,628 		JBrowse link
G Tpm2 tropomyosin 2 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of TPM2 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 5:59,016,616...59,025,971
Ensembl chr 5:59,016,622...59,025,631 		JBrowse link
G Trdn triadin increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of TRDN mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 1:25,403,390...25,787,664
Ensembl chr 1:25,403,390...25,839,345 		JBrowse link
G Ttn titin increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of TTN mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 3:63,565,160...63,837,815 JBrowse link
G Unc5c unc-5 netrin receptor C increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of UNC5C mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 2:247,045,813...247,397,483
Ensembl chr 2:247,248,407...247,397,483 		JBrowse link
G Vgll2 vestigial-like family member 2 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of VGLL2 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr20:33,077,106...33,082,962
Ensembl chr20:33,077,106...33,082,962 		JBrowse link
G Xirp1 xin actin-binding repeat containing 1 increases expression ISO Spermine results in increased expression of XIRP1 mRNA CTD PMID:18673383 NCBI chr 8:128,694,809...128,712,092
Ensembl chr 8:128,702,133...128,711,221 		JBrowse link
N(1),N(12)-diethylspermine term browser
Symbol Object Name Qualifiers Evidence Notes Source PubMed Reference(s) RGD Reference(s) Position
G Sat1 spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 1 multiple interactions
increases expression		 ISO [N(1), N(12)-diethylspermine co-treated with Fluorouracil] results in increased activity of SAT1 protein; [N(1), N(12)-diethylspermine co-treated with stallimycin] results in increased activity of SAT1 protein; stallimycin promotes the reaction [N(1), N(12)-diethylspermine results in increased expression of SAT1 protein] CTD PMID:21814787 NCBI chr  X:43,626,480...43,629,767
Ensembl chr  X:43,625,169...43,629,765 		JBrowse link
Term paths to the root
Path 1
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19770
    role 19720
      chemical role 19260
        antioxidant 14254
          spermine 66
            N(4)-aminopropylspermine 0
            substituted spermine + 1
Path 2
Term Annotations click to browse term
  CHEBI ontology 19770
    subatomic particle 19768
      composite particle 19768
        hadron 19768
          baryon 19768
            nucleon 19768
              atomic nucleus 19768
                atom 19768
                  main group element atom 19662
                    main group molecular entity 19662
                      s-block molecular entity 19429
                        hydrogen molecular entity 19423
                          hydrides 18758
                            inorganic hydride 17453
                              pnictogen hydride 17428
                                nitrogen hydride 17272
                                  azane 17003
                                    ammonia 17002
                                      organic amino compound 17001
                                        polyamine 8259
                                          tetramine 185
                                            spermine 66
                                              N(4)-aminopropylspermine 0
                                              substituted spermine + 1
paths to the root