Elsevier Inc. mature mRNA 4E-SE mRNA spliceosome pathway 5'-end pre-mRNA capping pathway 3'-end pre-mRNA processing pathway 4E-SE mRNA ---> cargo release Anp32a GDP Ran. GTP phytate Rangap1 Nxf1 Ranbp1 ---> Ran. Ranbp2 ---> Ran. Rangap1 ---> Ran. Anp32b ---- Xpo1 Anp32a ---- Xpo1 Nxf1 ---- TREX/THO complex Ddx19b Ranbp2 Ranbp1 ARE mRNA Gle1 Anp32b 3'-end pre-mRNA processing pathway ---> mature mRNA spliceosome pathway ---> mature mRNA ARE mRNA ---> cargo release Elavl1 Lrpprc ---- Xpo1 Nxf3 ---- Xpo1 5'-end pre-mRNA capping pathway ---> mature mRNA mRNA maturation pathway Xpo1 Nxf3 Ran ---- Xpo1 Ran Nxf1 ---- Nxt1 mature mRNA ---- Nxf3 4E-SE mRNA ---- Lrpprc Anp32b ---- ARE mRNA Anp32b ---- Elavl1 Anp32a ---- ARE mRNA ARE mRNA ---- Elavl1 Nxt1 mature mRNA ---- TREX/THO complex cargo release Lrpprc Eif4e Eif4e ---- Lrpprc mature mRNA ---> cargo release Gle1 --+> Ddx19b Nuclear Pore Complex TREX/THO complex Anp32a ---- Elavl1 NXF1-NXT1 export pathway CRM1 export pathway